human growth and development. life stages— * infancy---birth to 1 year * early childhood—1 to 6...
TRANSCRIPT
• Life Stages— * Infancy---birth to 1 year
* Early Childhood—1 to 6 years * Late Childhood –6 to 12 years * Adolescence—12 to 20 years * Early Adulthood—20 to 40 years * Middle Adulthood—40 to 65 years * Late Adulthood—65 years & up
Four main types of growth and development
• Physical—body growth, height/weight change, muscle/nerve dev., changes in body organs
• Mental—dev of mind, includes learning how to solve problems, make judgments, and deal with situations
• Emotional—refers to feelings—includes dealing with love, hate, joy, fear, excitement
• Social—refers to interactions and relationships with others
Infancy
• 6 to 8 pounds-----21 to 24 pounds• 18 to 22 inches---29 to 30 inches• Reflex actions—startle-- Moro, rooting, suckling,
grasp• 4 to 5 months roll side to back• 6 to 7 months sit up• 12 months walk without assistance• 12 months--10 to 12 teeth
• Respond to discomforts—pain, cold, hungry
• 6 months understand some words
• 12 months use single words
• Newborns show excitement
• 4 to 6 months—show distress, delight, disgust, anger and fear.
**Events that occur in the first year of life, when these emotions are first exhibited, can have a strong influence on an individual’s emotional behavior during childhood**
• Newborns are self-centered
• 4 months recognize caregivers
• 6 months watch others, become shy, show possessiveness
• 12 months socialize freely with familiar people
Early Childhood
• Age 1 to 6• Legs and lower body grow more rapidly
than do the head, arms and chest• Muscle coordination allows them to run and
climb and move freely• Age 2 to 3 digestive system can handle
adult food• Age 2 to 4 years potty training
• Age 1—a few words; age 6--2,500 words
• 4 years—frequent questions
• Decisions based on logic,
not trial and error
• Important to establish limits for safety
• Impatience/frustration with abilities
• Temper tantrums
• Like routine
• Beginning to gain control over emotions
• 6 years—more social
• Physical development is slow but steady
• Most primary teeth are lost and permanent ones come in
• Sexual maturation may begin around age 10 to 12
• Mental development increases rapidly due to influence of school.
• Begin to understand abstract concepts such as loyalty, honesty, values
• More adept at making judgments
• Move from fear of the uncertainty of new experiences to the ability to cope
• Sexual maturation may lead to mood swings
• May become restless, anxious, and difficult to understand
• Move from desire to do things on their own to the desire to be in groups
• Peer pressure is evident
• Less dependency on parents
• Age 12 to 20
• Most traumatic life stage
• Height and weight change
• Muscle coordination lags; may be clumsy
• Puberty sets in with secondary sex characteristics appearing
• Increase in knowledge and ability to make decisions and take responsibility for one’s own actions
• Time of conflict—not a child; not an adult
Concerned with appearance, feel insecure, inadequateWork toward gaining control over feelings and becoming more mature emotionally.