HUMAN IMPACT on the

BIOSPHERE

Part 1

A Changing Landscape

Humans participate in

____________ & _______________cycles

Ecosystems provide us with

a variety of _____________________

Food webs Biogeochemical

http://www.brevardcounty.us/mrrp/images/misc/boat_cartoon.jpg

http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/nitrogencycle.jpg

http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/nitrogencycle.jpg

“GOODS & SERVICES”

“GOODS & SERVICES”

provided by ecosystems

__________________

___________ production

Nutrient ____________________

Solar energy

Oxygen

storage & recycling

For image sources: see last slide

“GOODS & SERVICES”

provided by ecosystems

____________regulation

__________ production

___________for wildlife

Climate

For image sources: see last slide

Food

Habitats

____________________of human and

industrial waste

___________________ and

______________________

“GOODS & SERVICES”

provided by ecosystems

detoxification

Images from:

Natural pest

disease control

Source of new ____________________

Air & water __________________

Soil _____________ and ___________

management

“GOODS & SERVICES”

provided by ecosystems

medicines

erosion runoff

purification

HUMAN ACTIVITIES can change

local and global environments!

____________________

____________________

_____________________

___________________________

HUNTING

AGRICULTURE

INDUSTRY

URBAN DEVELOPMENTImages from:

http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/s2s/latest/art1/src/proj/Art/cave_art/Hunters-Deer.jpg

http://www.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/127525/2/istockphoto_127525_farming.jpg

http://www.kidcrosswords.com/kidoutdoors/the%20environment/pollution_smokestacks.jpg

http://www.lubee.org/images/about-threats-1.jpg

HUNTING AND GATHERINGThroughout human history, people have

____________ and ___________

in rivers, and _____________ wild seeds,

fruits, and nuts.

We are still doing this today in many places.http://www.amonsoquath.net/gallery/pages/chee.html

http://www.travelwriter.co.za/let-the-train-strain_p2.html

hunted fished

gathered

WHEN IT BECOMES A PROBLEM?

_________________

________________

http://www.aeffonline.org/images/poachersandelephant.jpg

http://msnbc.msn.com/id/8302763

OVERHUNTING

POACHING

OVERHUNTING can put animal populations at risk of ____________extinction

Alagoas Curassow:

extinct in wild 1980’s

Miss Waldron’s Red Colobus monkey

Extinct 2000

http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct/speciesinfo/misswaldronredcolobus.htm

http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=100&m=0

http://lawyerkm.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/dodo_11.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moa

Moa: extinct 1500’s

Dodo: extinct 1681

VOCABSpecies that has died out =

______________

Species whose population size is

rapidly declining and will become

extinct if the trend continues

= _____________

Species that is at risk of

becoming endangered in

the near future = ____________threatened

extinct

endangered http://www.blackfootedferret.org/

http://www.fresnochaffeezoo.com/images/bald-eagle.gif

http://www.southeastutah.org/photos/dino.jpg

BIODIVERSITY THREAThttp://www.lubee.org/images/about-threats-1.jpg

Tropical rainforests are disappearing

at a rate of about 80 acres per minute.

EXAMPLE: WHALES During the 19th and the earlier part of

20th centuries, over-hunting led to a

severe _________of whale

populations, and to _______________

of many whale species.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whaling#Conservation_status

overkill

endangerment

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/guides/456900/456973/html/nn1page1.stm

Minke whale = most hunted species

EXAMPLE: North American Buffalo

______________ in America once numbered

30 - 60 million, ranging from Virginia to

Alaska and all points in between.

By 1884, the buffalo

was close to extinction

due to ______________.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Bison

Pile of bison skulls, 1870’s

Wild buffalo

overhunting

WHAT PROBLEMS CAN THIS

CAUSE?

Many endangered animals today are

threatened by ____________________

http://cnnstudentnews.cnn.com/EARTH/9710/02/kenya.ivory.ap/

Illegal poaching

http://www.aeffonline.org/images/poachersandelephant.jpg

WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP?Support “Green” organizations that work

for laws to establish quotas and protect

species.

http://www.sierraclub.org/

http://www.ducks.org/states/62/index.html

http://www.nwf.org/

http://www.maksimum.com/haberler/h/greenpeacee_cevre_cezasi.php

http://www.sierraclub.org/

http://www.brookingshumane.org/

HUMAN ACTIVITIES can also change

local and global environments!

______________________________

____________________

_________________

___________________________

HUNTING and GATHERING

AGRICULTURE

INDUSTRY

URBAN DEVELOPMENTImages from:

http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/s2s/latest/art1/src/proj/Art/cave_art/Hunters-Deer.jpg

http://www.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/127525/2/istockphoto_127525_farming.jpg

http://www.kidcrosswords.com/kidoutdoors/the%20environment/pollution_smokestacks.jpg

http://www.lubee.org/images/about-threats-1.jpg

By end of last ice age (about 11,000 years ago)

humans began the practice of farming

= __________________

Soon people around the

world were growing

crops and raising

animals for food

AGRICULTURE

http://www.bu.edu/mzank/Jerusalem/im/agriculture.jpg

agriculture

Changing Agriculture

The spread of agriculture was one of most

__________ developments in human history.

It provided__________ in large quantities that

could be stored for later.

Allowed people to _________ in one place and

enabled the _______________of cities,

governments, laws, and writing.

http://www.museevirtuel.ca/Exhibitions/Inuit_Haida/inuit/snowmobile.jpghttp://www.travelwriter.co.za/let-the-train-strain_p2.html

important

food

settle

development

1. New more productive

plant ________

2. Modern farming____________

allowed planting larger areas

3. Chemical ___________ & ___________

boosted crop production and controlled

pests

techniques

http://interactive.usask.ca/ski/media/stills/agriculture/crops/t_plant-breeder.jpg

http://www.wfbf.com/media_center/photo_gallery/Soybean%20combine.jpg

__________ REVOLUTION

strains

Fertilizers pesticides

GREEN

Changing Agriculture

Over the last 50 years, the green revolution

has helped world food production _________.

Even though hunger is still a major problem in parts of the world, agriculture and

the green revolution have provided many people with better nutrition.

http://www.enjoy.org/hstech/HungerSite02/america/FordSchwartz/

double

Challenges for Future

Modern agriculture has increased world _________________, but has also created ________________ challenges.

Large scale monoculture leads to problems with ____________ and _______________.

Use of farm chemicals (fertilizers & pesticides)

can damage ____________ insects, ________________ water supplies, and ______________ in the environment

ecologicalfood supplies

Insect pests diseases

beneficialcontaminateaccumulate

Challenges for Future

Finding enough __________ for irrigation is another problem.

Less than ¼ of US farmland

relies heavily on ___________,

but this area produces a

__________ portion of

our harvest.

http://www.suu.edu/faculty/bowman/Econ1740/HeilbronerZinn/ogallala_aquifer_map_pic_2.gif

water

irrigation

major

HOW DO WE HELP?

Applying modern______________ to farming is changing some of this environmental impact.

EX:

__________ imaging and

_____ technology

enable farmers to

apply chemicals only

where______________

technology

Satellite

GPS

needed

HOW DO WE FIX IT?

EX:

________ and other “green” farming methods

can reduce ____________

and protect ___________________

http://cbarc.aes.oregonstate.edu/images/no-till.jpg

“No-till”

soil erosion

ecosystems

Cover Crops

Legumes, grasses, and other

cover crops recycle soil nutrients,

reduce fertilizer need, and

prevent weed growth.

Controlled Grazing

By managing graze periods and herd

densities, farmers can improve nutrient

cycling, increase the effectiveness of

precipitation, and increase the carrying

capacity of pastures.

Biological Pest Control

The use of predators and parasites

to control destructive insects

minimizes pesticide use as well as

crop damage

Contour Plowing

Contour plowing reduces

soil erosion from land runoff.

On hilly areas, plowing is done

across the hill rather than

straight up and down.

Crop Rotation

Different crops use and

replenish different

nutrients. By rotating

crops, the loss of

important plant nutrients

is decreased.

A B C

Yr. 1

Yr. 2

Yr. 3

Section 6-4

Sustainable Agriculture

Ways to preserve the environment

corn

corn

cornalfalfa

alfalfa

oats

oats

alfalfa (plowed in)

INDUSTRIAL GROWTH

and URBAN DEVELOPMENT

The impact of humans on the biosphere was

transformed by the _____________________

during the 1800’s.

http://www.archives.gov/research/american-cities/images/american-cities-015.jpg

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Industrial productivity and scientific

advancements have provided us with

the ______________________ we enjoy todaymodern conveniences

http://www.vallartasource.com/images/cell_phone.jpg

http://www.danielwiener.com/daniel/tips/archives/humvee_2.jpg

http://www.scriptfx.com/gallery/computer/laptop.jpg

http://www.wii-volution.com/images/wii/gamecube.jpg

http://www.nbz.ru/pic/catalog/ipod/ipod_color.gif

BUT . . .

The spread of urban

areas has resulted in

the _____________

habitats.

Air, water, & soil

_____________ has had an

impact on surrounding

ecosystems.

destruction

http://www.kidcrosswords.com/kidoutdoors/the%20environment/pollution_smokestacks.jpg

pollution

Energy production requires

______________________

which impacts

_______________

and _______________.

http://tuberose.com/Environmental_Toxicity.html

burning fossil fuels

air quality

global climate