Human NutritionHuman Nutrition

Grade 11 CAPS 2013Flipped classroom

Gerry Noel

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONGrade 11 Human Nutrition for 2013Flipped classroom?

Flipped Classroom advantages…Flipped Classroom advantages…

What I want you to do?What I want you to do?Make your own life sized poster on the Human Digestive System:→ Journey of BIG MACromolecules to Smaller molecules.→ 4 Parts to this journey (make sure you have the 4

hand outs and mark schemes)1. Structure and Function (Group)2. Digestive Processes (Group)3. Chemistry of Life (Extension work for group)4. Digestive Processes (Individual)

Textbook: Shuters Top Class Life Sciences, Grade 11 (2012).

Let’s get the show on the road!Let’s get the show on the road!Read over all the instructions first!Make sure you’ve read and understood the mark scheme.

Animal NutritionAnimal NutritionFood gives organisms energy for all cellular functions.

Producers/autotrophs

Consumers/heterotrophs:→Herbivores→Carnivores→Omnivores

Part 1: Structure and Function Part 1: Structure and Function OverviewOverview

Eyes, Nose and tongueMouth and teethOesophagusStomachSmall Intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum)Colon/Large IntestineRectum and anusSalivary glandsLiver and gall bladderPancreas

Click movie

icon to start

Introduction

to Digestion

Video!

Sensing food and the mouth, tongue Sensing food and the mouth, tongue and teethand teeth

All starts with the senses in the body!Mouth:→ Beginning of the Big Mac’s journey→ Tongue and teeth inside the mouth→ Tongue tastes food and helps you swallow→ Teeth break up food into smaller pieces =

mechanical digestion/mastication→ 3 pairs of salivary glands that produce

saliva:→Water, slippery mucin and enzymes (lysozyme

and salivary amylase)→Helps to form bolus and lubricate it for

swallowing

Sense of taste and smell video

Teeth video

Structure: TeethStructure: Teeth4 types:→ Incisors →canines →premolars →Molars

Humans→2:1:2:3

2:1:2:3

Textbook Pg 123 & 131

Q1:Which set

of teeth

belongs to

which type of

consumer and

give reasons

why?

Passed the pharynx, through the Passed the pharynx, through the oesophagusoesophagus

Pharynx (throat):→ Muscular part at the

back of mouth→ Opens to trachea (to the

lungs) and oesophagus (to the stomach)

Oesophagus:→ Narrow muscular tube→ Bolus moves down

through contraction and relaxation of muscles in process called = PERISTALSIS

Q2:Can you

think of other

examples in

the body

where

peristalsis is

used to move

things?

Textbook Pg 133

Into the stomachInto the stomachLarge ‘bag’ that receives and holds food.

→ At each end of the stomach there are valves called sphincters that control the movement of food;

→ Cardiac sphincter at the top end→ pyloric sphincter at the bottom end

Cells lining the stomach secrete gastric juice.

→ Hydrochloric acid (HCl), low pH→ Mucus, high pH→ Proteases, (pepsinogen)

Alcohol, Vit B12 and aspirin are absorbed.Food leaves the stomach as chyme.

Stomach video

Into the not so… small intestineInto the not so… small intestineSoupy chyme enters small intestine.

→ Folded tube (5 -7m long)→ Lined with columnar epithelial cells→ 3 parts:

→ Duodenum→ Jejunum→ Ileum

→ Duodenum has Brunner’s glands which secrete alkaline rich mucus;

→ Neutralise Chyme→ Provide right pH for enzymes→ Lubrication

Digestion of food is completed so that simple soluble nutrients can be absorbed.

→ Carbohydrates, fats and proteins are digested→ Most digested food absorbed

Small intestine video

Large intestineLarge intestineLarge intestine/colon stretches like a frame around the small intestine.Main functions:

→ Absorb water, dissolved minerals and vitamins→ Helped by over 700 species of bacteria (gut

flora)Caecum and appendix are two structures where small intestine joins large intestine;

→ No digestive function but contain tissue from the immune system

→ Very large in organisms that digest celluloseRectum is short tube at end of large intestine;

→ Stores indigestible remains for short time before being expelled

At the opening end of rectum is anus;→ Surrounded by sphincter muscles to help control

movement of faecesLarge intestine video

Associated glands: Salivary Glands Associated glands: Salivary Glands and Pancreasand Pancreas

3 salivary glands that secrete saliva.Pancreas that secretes pancreatic juice.→ Travels down duct into duodenum (exocrine gland)→ Contains enzymes for breaking down food

→Carbohydrases: starch maltose→Proteases: proteins amino acids→Lipases: lipids fatty acids and

glycerol→ Contains alkaline salts for neutralising acidic chyme

Pancreas controls blood sugar levels by secreting hormones insulin and glucagon (endocrine gland).

Associated glands: LiverAssociated glands: LiverLargest gland and solid organ in the body.

Liver has many functions:→ Secretes bile which is stored in gall bladder.

→ Bile neutralises acidic chyme→ Emulsifies fats into small droplets

→ Controls release of glucose in blood by converting glucose glycogen.

→ Controls excessive amino acid concentrations in the body through deamination.

→ Process where amine group is removed from amino acid producing a carbohydrate and urea.

→ Transports both glucose and amino acids if necessary via hepatic vein (vessel from liver to heart) to the heart and then to cells of the body.

→ Store vitamins and minerals (if not needed pass out through urine).→ Alcohol and drugs are transported via hepatic portal vein (vessel

from small intestine or stomach to the liver) to be metabolised.

Liver

fact

pack

Get on with Part 1…Get on with Part 1…

Part 1: Structure and FunctionPart 1: Structure and Function

Textbook page 125

Other possible human nutrition tasksOther possible human nutrition tasks

Food diary - http://www.myfitnesspal.com/Analyse nutritional information packagingDietary supplements for sport analysis

Cultural and socio-economic Cultural and socio-economic influences on dietinfluences on diet

Italy: The Manzo family of Sicily

R 1976 per week

Germany: The Melander family of Bargteheide

R 3712 per week

United States: The Revis family of North Carolina.

R 2538 per week

Mexico: The Casales family of Cuernavaca

R 1403 per week

Poland: The Sobczynscy family of Konstancin-Jeziorna

R 1123 per week

Egypt: The Ahmed family of Cairo

R 507 per week

Ecuador: The Ayme family of Tingo

R 234 per week

Bhutan: The Namgay family of Shingkhey Village

R 37 per week

Chad: The Aboubakar family of Breidjing Camp

R 9.13 per week

Thank youThank yougnoel@bishops.org.zagnoel@bishops.org.za