human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system

15
Human Nutrition, Gut Microbiome And Immune System By Zahida Chaudhary MD

Upload: seclairer

Post on 24-Jan-2015

1.644 views

Category:

Health & Medicine


2 download

DESCRIPTION

Dr Zahida Chaudnary talks with the students about nutrition, gut microbiomes, and nutrition as we look at diseases and how your body reacts to what you eat. Check out the slideshow by itself here. Want an audio version? Subscribe to our Podcast on iTunes! Want to join us for the live discussion? Check out our Social Media in the noon hour every Monday as we sit down on Google Hangout OnAir! Follow us on Twitter, Facebook, or Google+ to get updated with the link when we start!

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system

Human Nutrition, Gut Microbiome

And Immune System

By Zahida Chaudhary MD

Page 2: Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system

Microbes in the Human Micro biome include species from each major domain

Bacteria

“Extremophile”Archaebacteria

FungiE-coli Virus

Page 3: Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system

Symbiotic Relationships Between Microbes and Their Hosts

• Symbiosis means “to live together”

We have symbiotic relationships with countless microorganisms

Types of symbiosis

1. MutualisticBoth organisms benefit – “mutually beneficial” Escherichia coli

-Synthesizes Vitamin K & B complex Vitamins-In return, we provide a warm, moist nutrient rich environment for E. coli

2. Commensalistic– One organism benefits. The other is neither helped

nor harmed3. Opportunistic

– Under normal conditions, microbe does not cause disease, but if conditions become conducive , it can cause disease

Page 4: Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system

Dysbiosis is the abnormal microbial colonization of the intestine , where changes in Quantity and Quality of flora become Pathological & Harmful.

When intestinal flora equilibrium is disturbed, the optimum expected health effects are lost autoimmune conditions result (IBD, rheumatoid).

A common cause of dysbiosis is antibiotic therapy (Iatrogenic).

Dysbiosis

Page 5: Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system

Initial Colonization of the Newborn-Humans are born without any microorganisms.

-Colonization of skin, oral/respiratory tract, genitourinary system and gastrointestinal tract begins immediately at birth with bacteria in the proximity of the birth canal and the anus.

-Genetic, Environment and Feeding pattern (fragile micro biota)

-Later the micro biota will stabilize according to the type of feeding.

Caring Suckling, kissing and caressing (mother’s flora

Page 7: Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system

Our adult bodies contain 10 times more microbial cells than human cells

Human colon contains up to 100 trillion bacteria

Numerous studies have suggested that shifts in the populations of microbial communities may be associated with a number of important acute and chronic diseases:

Inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, eczema and other skin diseases, vaginal infections

This presents an opportunity to develop new approaches to therapy as a means of maintaining health (Institute of genomic science)

The Human Microbial Meta genome

Page 9: Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system

C. difficile Manifestations• Carrier state• C. difficile - associated diarrhea colitis• Pseudomembranous colitis• Fulminant Colitis / Toxic mega colon• Atypical (e.g., sepsis, ascites)• Recurrent disease Why Do We Get Recurrent CDI ?• Impaired host-response• Altered intestinal microbiome

– “Dysbiosis” = decreased micro biota diversity

Intestinal Micro biota:Environmental Influence and Immune Response

Page 10: Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system

Link between gut microbial communities and adiposity

Page 11: Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system

Altered Intestinal

Permeability

Poor Dietary Choices

Stress & Emotions

Infection

Chronic Abx/Steroids

Systemic Disease

Toxic Exposure

Food Intolerance

Malnutrition

Dysbiosis

Toxic Overload

Elevated TotalToxic & Antigenic

Burden

Low Stomach Acid

Systemic Disease

Intestinal Permeability - Pathophysiology

Page 12: Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system

Interplay Between Medicine and Microbes

Antibiotics

Kills infectious bacteria but also disrupts natural flora. Can result in yeast infections, digestive problems, etc.

Chemotherapy drugs

Gut flora has been shown to modify some drugs during metabolism. This causes many side effects, including upset stomach.

Page 13: Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system

What can damage Gut Flora

Antibiotics

Steroids, The Pill

Other Drugs

Stress

Poor Diet

Infections

Disease

Bottle Feeding

Old Age

Pollution

Radiation

Alcohol

Toxic Chemicals

Dental Work

Page 14: Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system

Imbalance of intestinal micro flora results in:

Poor nutritional response

Reduced efficacy of medications

Physiological dysfunction

Accelerated aging

Cancer

Deficient immune response

Susceptibility to infection

Physical discomfort

Page 15: Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system

Ask both, what we can do for our microbiomeand what our microbiome can do for us

The implications of our nutritional choices are more significant than we may realize

Nutritional choices could impact our long-term health.

If we keep our micro flora happy and thriving in a balanced environment, our health will be on the right track.

Symbiotic Relationship