HUMAN FACTORSHUMAN FACTORS

HOW TO MAKE THE BEST OF HOW TO MAKE THE BEST OF YOUR TEAM ASSETS YOUR TEAM ASSETS

PERSONALITY FACTORSPERSONALITY FACTORS

  Personality factors play a critical role Personality factors play a critical role in determining interaction among in determining interaction among programmers and in the work style of programmers and in the work style of individual programmers individual programmers

WHAT IS PERSONALITY ?WHAT IS PERSONALITY ? TEMPERAMENTTEMPERAMENT CHARACTERCHARACTER

TEMPERAMENT VS. TEMPERAMENT VS. CHARACTERCHARACTER

TemperamentTemperament is the inborn form of human is the inborn form of human nature; a set of inclinations we are born nature; a set of inclinations we are born with (temperament is with (temperament is predispositionpredisposition, , hardwired in from birth)hardwired in from birth)

CharacterCharacter, the emergent form, which , the emergent form, which develops through the interaction of develops through the interaction of temperament and the environment; a set oftemperament and the environment; a set of habits habits we acquire as we grow and mature we acquire as we grow and mature (character is disposition, developed over a (character is disposition, developed over a lifetime)lifetime)

PersonalityPersonality—your unique personal style——your unique personal style—is a is a combinationcombination of the two. of the two.

A …software perspective…A …software perspective… Put another way, our brain is a sort of computer which Put another way, our brain is a sort of computer which

has temperament for its hardware and character for its has temperament for its hardware and character for its software. software.

OurOur hardware hardware is the physical base of our personality, is the physical base of our personality, placing on each of us an unmistakable placing on each of us an unmistakable temperament temperament signature, some facets of which can be observed from a signature, some facets of which can be observed from a very early age. very early age.

Our Our softwaresoftware, on the other hand, is made up of our , on the other hand, is made up of our individual experience and social environment, the forces individual experience and social environment, the forces around us that, with time and occasion, give shape to around us that, with time and occasion, give shape to our our individual characterindividual character. .

Temperament is a given – cannot be changed!Temperament is a given – cannot be changed! All we can do is to ‘unlearn’ some habits – that is to All we can do is to ‘unlearn’ some habits – that is to

work on our beliefs and by this to re-mold our character.work on our beliefs and by this to re-mold our character.

What’s the point?What’s the point?

People differ from each other in People differ from each other in fundamental ways, including their fundamental ways, including their thoughts and feelings, their wants thoughts and feelings, their wants and beliefs, their words, their values, and beliefs, their words, their values, and their talents. and their talents.

People are born with different People are born with different personalities, and that these personalities, and that these differences are central to nearly differences are central to nearly every aspect of their lives every aspect of their lives

TEMPERAMENT TYPESTEMPERAMENT TYPES

Artisan - (SP)sArtisan - (SP)s       Guardian (SJ)s Guardian (SJ)s       Rational (NT)sRational (NT)s       Idealist - (NF)s Idealist - (NF)s

S – SensingS – Sensing N – IntuitiveN – Intuitive T – ThinkingT – Thinking F – FeelingF – Feeling J – JudgingJ – Judging P – PerceptiveP – Perceptive E – ExtraversionE – Extraversion I - IntroversionI - Introversion

Sensation (S) vs. Intuition (N)Sensation (S) vs. Intuition (N)

TThe S-N scale on the Keirsey Temperament he S-N scale on the Keirsey Temperament Sorter differentiates between two distinct Sorter differentiates between two distinct worlds of human interest or focus. worlds of human interest or focus.

People who score high in Sensation pay People who score high in Sensation pay more attention to what is going on outside more attention to what is going on outside themselves in the world of concrete things; themselves in the world of concrete things;

People scoring high in Intuition pay more People scoring high in Intuition pay more attention to what is going on inside attention to what is going on inside themselves in the abstract world of ideas. themselves in the abstract world of ideas.

SENSINGSENSING People given to Sensation (the vast majority, People given to Sensation (the vast majority,

maybe 85%) seem more at home in the physical, maybe 85%) seem more at home in the physical, material world, where they spend their time material world, where they spend their time looking after the business of everyday living-food looking after the business of everyday living-food and clothing, transportation and shelter, job and and clothing, transportation and shelter, job and family, recreation and social life. With their eye on family, recreation and social life. With their eye on reality, they tend to see all the particulars of what reality, they tend to see all the particulars of what is right in front of them, focusing on what is is right in front of them, focusing on what is happening in the here and now, or what has happening in the here and now, or what has happened in the past, rather than speculating happened in the past, rather than speculating about what might be or what would happen if. about what might be or what would happen if. These are practical, down-to-earth people who These are practical, down-to-earth people who want facts, trust facts, and remember facts, and want facts, trust facts, and remember facts, and who deal with situations as they are. They believe who deal with situations as they are. They believe in common sense and that experience is the best in common sense and that experience is the best teacher. teacher.

INTUITIVESINTUITIVES In contrast, people strong in Intuition seem more at In contrast, people strong in Intuition seem more at

home in the abstract, conceptual world of ideas-home in the abstract, conceptual world of ideas-inferences, theories, daydreams, musings, inferences, theories, daydreams, musings, speculations, symbols-all those things that can only speculations, symbols-all those things that can only be seen with the mind's eye. Focused as they so be seen with the mind's eye. Focused as they so often are in their internal world, these persons can often are in their internal world, these persons can miss a great deal of what's going on right around miss a great deal of what's going on right around them; for them, reality is not solid and present, but them; for them, reality is not solid and present, but is more a mental image, or a stage of development is more a mental image, or a stage of development toward some future ideal. The possible is always in toward some future ideal. The possible is always in front of these people: whatever "is" can be better, front of these people: whatever "is" can be better, and they are fascinated by hypotheses and and they are fascinated by hypotheses and potentials. Because they listen so intently to their potentials. Because they listen so intently to their inner voice, even from an early age, they often seem inner voice, even from an early age, they often seem to have "their head in the clouds," absorbed in their to have "their head in the clouds," absorbed in their vivid and complex imaginations. vivid and complex imaginations.

Judgement (J) vs. Perception (P)Judgement (J) vs. Perception (P)

TThe J-P scale measures how people he J-P scale measures how people process information and arrange process information and arrange their lives. their lives.

Those who score high on Judgment Those who score high on Judgment tend to make up their mind quickly tend to make up their mind quickly and commit to schedules; and commit to schedules;

Those scoring high on Perception Those scoring high on Perception prefer to keep their options open and prefer to keep their options open and their timetables flexible. their timetables flexible.

JUDGINGJUDGING People strong in Judgment waste no time forming People strong in Judgment waste no time forming

opinions or drawing conclusions. They report they feel opinions or drawing conclusions. They report they feel a sense of urgency until a decision is made, and can a sense of urgency until a decision is made, and can rest only after everything is settled, with all loose rest only after everything is settled, with all loose ends tied up. Closure or finality is important to them, ends tied up. Closure or finality is important to them, as is orderly procedure. They are quick to make as is orderly procedure. They are quick to make schedules, agendas, timetables, and so on, for schedules, agendas, timetables, and so on, for themselves and others to follow. They tend to themselves and others to follow. They tend to establish deadlines and to take them seriously, establish deadlines and to take them seriously, expecting others to do the same. They are expecting others to do the same. They are comfortable with routines, and are willing to do all comfortable with routines, and are willing to do all sorts of maintenance and cleaning up after a task, sorts of maintenance and cleaning up after a task, just because these are necessary to see the job just because these are necessary to see the job through to its conclusion. Neatness also counts. through to its conclusion. Neatness also counts. These people are unhappy when their personal space-These people are unhappy when their personal space-workplace, house, car-is a mess, and straightening workplace, house, car-is a mess, and straightening things up is often near the top of their list. things up is often near the top of their list.

PERCEPTIVEPERCEPTIVE Tend to keep their eyes open, gathering information Tend to keep their eyes open, gathering information

and looking for opportunities and alternatives that and looking for opportunities and alternatives that might be available to them. They feel no hurry to nail might be available to them. They feel no hurry to nail things down, or settle on a finished product, but prefer things down, or settle on a finished product, but prefer to explore the possibilities and just see what happens. to explore the possibilities and just see what happens. These people are often playful and spontaneous in These people are often playful and spontaneous in action. Schedules make them feel hurried and over-action. Schedules make them feel hurried and over-controlled, and they tend to look upon deadlines as controlled, and they tend to look upon deadlines as mere reminders to get on with the job. Also, they mere reminders to get on with the job. Also, they prefer their work to be enjoyable and to the purpose. prefer their work to be enjoyable and to the purpose. If their task is mere routine maintenance or clean up, If their task is mere routine maintenance or clean up, they may balk at doing it, or leave it to someone else. they may balk at doing it, or leave it to someone else. Easy-going, even somewhat impulsive, these people Easy-going, even somewhat impulsive, these people are usually quite tolerant of mess. Their personal are usually quite tolerant of mess. Their personal spaces are often cluttered with an assortment of spaces are often cluttered with an assortment of things they have picked up, used, then dropped and things they have picked up, used, then dropped and forgotten about. forgotten about.

Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F)Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F)

TThe T-F scale assesses how people he T-F scale assesses how people govern themselves and make govern themselves and make decisions. We all have both thoughts decisions. We all have both thoughts and feelings, of course, but those and feelings, of course, but those who score high on Thinking tend to who score high on Thinking tend to use their head, while those scoring use their head, while those scoring high on Feeling tend to follow their high on Feeling tend to follow their heart. heart.

THINKINGTHINKING Are more comfortable with an impersonal, objective Are more comfortable with an impersonal, objective

basis for action. They can be critical and exacting, basis for action. They can be critical and exacting, both with themselves and others, and they are both with themselves and others, and they are convinced only by hard data and sound reasons. convinced only by hard data and sound reasons. They tend to be frank and straightforward, willing to They tend to be frank and straightforward, willing to speak their minds and stick to their guns even if it speak their minds and stick to their guns even if it causes conflict with others. And they are tough-causes conflict with others. And they are tough-minded in their decisions, preferring to keep their minded in their decisions, preferring to keep their emotions and desires as much as possible out of emotions and desires as much as possible out of the process. They have powerful feelings, certainly, the process. They have powerful feelings, certainly, but a strong show of emotion usually embarrasses but a strong show of emotion usually embarrasses them. And so, rather than appear to be losing self-them. And so, rather than appear to be losing self-control, they keep their feelings in check, even at control, they keep their feelings in check, even at the risk of seeming hard-nosed or cold. the risk of seeming hard-nosed or cold.

FEELINGFEELING Are more comfortable with a personal, emotional Are more comfortable with a personal, emotional

basis for what they do. When considering their basis for what they do. When considering their course, they consult their feelings first and course, they consult their feelings first and always show concern for others. These people are always show concern for others. These people are sympathetic and sentimental, and can be swayed sympathetic and sentimental, and can be swayed by powerful desire or a touching appeal. And they by powerful desire or a touching appeal. And they are softhearted when making decisions, basing are softhearted when making decisions, basing their choices on gentle, kindly considerations, their choices on gentle, kindly considerations, hoping never to hurt anyone's feelings. They may hoping never to hurt anyone's feelings. They may not have more or deeper emotions than those on not have more or deeper emotions than those on the Thinking end of the scale, but they let their the Thinking end of the scale, but they let their feelings show more easily, and this makes them feelings show more easily, and this makes them seem warmer and friendlier, and so usually gives seem warmer and friendlier, and so usually gives them an easier time getting along with others. them an easier time getting along with others.

EXTRAVERTSEXTRAVERTS

Seem more comfortable socializing with Seem more comfortable socializing with groups than when alone. They report that groups than when alone. They report that they are energized-charged up, fired up-by they are energized-charged up, fired up-by contact with other people. They usually contact with other people. They usually have a large circle of friends, and are have a large circle of friends, and are happy to approach others, even strangers, happy to approach others, even strangers, and talk to them, finding this an easy and and talk to them, finding this an easy and pleasant thing to do, something that pleasant thing to do, something that makes them feel alive. Quiet and seclusion makes them feel alive. Quiet and seclusion actually exhaust such persons, and they actually exhaust such persons, and they report feelings of loneliness (or power report feelings of loneliness (or power drain) when not in contact with others. drain) when not in contact with others.

INTROVERSIONINTROVERSION Seem more comfortable alone than in a Seem more comfortable alone than in a

crowd. They draw energy from private, crowd. They draw energy from private, solitary activities, reading, listening to solitary activities, reading, listening to music, working by themselves on their music, working by themselves on their latest project or favorite hobby. They tend latest project or favorite hobby. They tend to have a few, long-time friends, and can to have a few, long-time friends, and can remain in contact with larger groups only remain in contact with larger groups only so long before their energies are depleted. so long before their energies are depleted. If required by their job, family, or social If required by their job, family, or social responsibilities to be outgoing or on stage-responsibilities to be outgoing or on stage-to make a great social effort-they are soon to make a great social effort-they are soon exhausted and need "down time" in quiet exhausted and need "down time" in quiet places to rest and recharge their batteries. places to rest and recharge their batteries.

ARTISAN (SP)ARTISAN (SP) The Artisan PortraitThe Artisan Portrait ComposersComposers (ISFP) | (ISFP) | CraftersCrafters ((ISTP) | ((ISTP) | PerformersPerformers (ESFP) | (ESFP) |

PromotersPromoters(ESTP) (ESTP) All Artisans (SPs) share the following core All Artisans (SPs) share the following core

characteristics:characteristics: Artisans tend to be Artisans tend to be fun-loving, optimistic, realistic, fun-loving, optimistic, realistic,

and focused on the here and nowand focused on the here and now. .  Artisans pride themselves on being unconventional, Artisans pride themselves on being unconventional,

bold, and spontaneous. bold, and spontaneous.  Artisans make playful mates, creative parents, and Artisans make playful mates, creative parents, and

troubleshooting leaders. troubleshooting leaders.  Above all, Artisans need to be free to do what they wish, Above all, Artisans need to be free to do what they wish,

when they wish. They resist being tied or bound or when they wish. They resist being tied or bound or confined or obligated; they would rather not wait, or save, confined or obligated; they would rather not wait, or save, or store, or live for tomorrow. In the Artisan view, today or store, or live for tomorrow. In the Artisan view, today must be enjoyed, for tomorrow never comes.  must be enjoyed, for tomorrow never comes. 

Learning StyleLearning Style Artisans like their schoolwork to be fun and Artisans like their schoolwork to be fun and

practical. If it's not directly applicable to their practical. If it's not directly applicable to their personal aims, expect to see a bored and/or personal aims, expect to see a bored and/or frustrated student. Hands-on, active learning is frustrated student. Hands-on, active learning is preferred to sitting in a chair and listening to a preferred to sitting in a chair and listening to a teacher talk. If their lessons are not directly teacher talk. If their lessons are not directly applicable to their aims, they become bored and applicable to their aims, they become bored and frustrated. Artisans prefer focus on details rather frustrated. Artisans prefer focus on details rather than leaping from thought to thought or concept than leaping from thought to thought or concept to concept. In high school and college, Artisans to concept. In high school and college, Artisans choose courses and college majors that will teach choose courses and college majors that will teach a skill they will use, whether that's business a skill they will use, whether that's business administration, diesel mechanics, or chiropractic. administration, diesel mechanics, or chiropractic.

GUARDIANS (SJ)GUARDIANS (SJ) The Guardian PortraitThe Guardian Portrait InspectorsInspectors (ISTJ) | (ISTJ) | ProtectorsProtectors (ISFJ) | (ISFJ) | ProvidersProviders (ESFJ) | (ESFJ) |

SupervisorsSupervisors (ESTJ) (ESTJ) All Guardians (SJs) All Guardians (SJs) share the following core share the following core

characteristics: characteristics: Guardians pride themselves on being dependable, Guardians pride themselves on being dependable,

helpful, and hard-working.helpful, and hard-working. Guardians make loyal mates, responsible parents, Guardians make loyal mates, responsible parents,

and stabilizing leaders. and stabilizing leaders.  Guardians tend to be dutiful, cautious, humble, Guardians tend to be dutiful, cautious, humble,

and focused on credentials and traditions.and focused on credentials and traditions. Guardians are concerned citizens who trust Guardians are concerned citizens who trust

authority, join groups, seek security, prize authority, join groups, seek security, prize gratitude, and dream of meting out justice. gratitude, and dream of meting out justice. 

Guardians are meticulous about schedules and have a Guardians are meticulous about schedules and have a sharp eye for proper procedures. sharp eye for proper procedures.

Learning StyleLearning Style

Guardians respect their teachers' decisions Guardians respect their teachers' decisions about what the content of their learning about what the content of their learning should be. They need and appreciate should be. They need and appreciate systematic presentation of facts and ideas, systematic presentation of facts and ideas, and clear expectations for assignments -- and clear expectations for assignments -- what is demanded of them and what the what is demanded of them and what the standards are. Teachers who leap from standards are. Teachers who leap from concept to concept will frustrate their concept to concept will frustrate their Guardian students. Like Artisans, Guardians Guardian students. Like Artisans, Guardians are likely to choose practical courses of are likely to choose practical courses of study that will lead to secure careers. study that will lead to secure careers.

RATIONALS (NT)RATIONALS (NT) The Rational PortraitThe Rational Portrait ArchitectsArchitects (INTP) | (INTP) | FieldmarshalsFieldmarshals (ENTJ) | (ENTJ) | InventorsInventors (ENTP) | (ENTP) |

MastermindsMasterminds (INTJ) (INTJ) All Rationals (NTs) share the following core characteristics: All Rationals (NTs) share the following core characteristics: Rationals tend to be pragmatic, skeptical, self-contained, Rationals tend to be pragmatic, skeptical, self-contained,

and focused on problem-solving and systems analysis. and focused on problem-solving and systems analysis.  Rationals pride themselves on being ingenious, Rationals pride themselves on being ingenious,

independent, and strong willed. independent, and strong willed.  Rationals make reasonable mates, individualizing parents, Rationals make reasonable mates, individualizing parents,

and strategic leaders. and strategic leaders.  Rationals are even-tempered, they trust logic, yearn for Rationals are even-tempered, they trust logic, yearn for

achievement, seek knowledge, prize technology, and achievement, seek knowledge, prize technology, and dream of understanding how the world works.dream of understanding how the world works.

RationalsRationals are the problem solving temperament, particularly if are the problem solving temperament, particularly if the problem has to do with the many complex systems that make the problem has to do with the many complex systems that make up the world around us. up the world around us.

RATIONALS…RATIONALS… Rationals have an insatiable hunger to accomplish Rationals have an insatiable hunger to accomplish

their goals and will work tirelessly on any project their goals and will work tirelessly on any project they have set their mind to. They are rigorously they have set their mind to. They are rigorously logical and fiercely independent in their thinking--logical and fiercely independent in their thinking--are indeed skeptical of all ideas, even their own--are indeed skeptical of all ideas, even their own--and they believe they can overcome any obstacle and they believe they can overcome any obstacle with their will power. Often they are seen as cold with their will power. Often they are seen as cold and distant, but this is really the absorbed and distant, but this is really the absorbed concentration they give to whatever problem concentration they give to whatever problem they're working on. Whether designing a they're working on. Whether designing a skyscraper or an experiment, developing a theory skyscraper or an experiment, developing a theory or a prototype technology, building an aircraft, a or a prototype technology, building an aircraft, a corporation, or a strategic alliance, Rationals value corporation, or a strategic alliance, Rationals value intelligence, in themselves and others, and they intelligence, in themselves and others, and they pride themselves on the ingenuity they bring to pride themselves on the ingenuity they bring to their problem solving. their problem solving. 

Learning StylesLearning Styles

Like Idealists, Rationals are self-directed Like Idealists, Rationals are self-directed learners. They want to be challenged and learners. They want to be challenged and provided with the means to pursue the provided with the means to pursue the ideas that are important to them. They are ideas that are important to them. They are highly autonomous, and so don't generally highly autonomous, and so don't generally seek discussion. Teachers can support seek discussion. Teachers can support Rationals by sharing expertise and Rationals by sharing expertise and resources for learning and by giving them resources for learning and by giving them honest feedback as the students' knowledge honest feedback as the students' knowledge and expertise grows. In college, Rationals and expertise grows. In college, Rationals often choose majors in science, often choose majors in science, mathematics, philosophy, or technology. mathematics, philosophy, or technology.

IDEALISTS (NF)IDEALISTS (NF) The Idealist PortraitThe Idealist Portrait HealersHealers (INFP) | Counselors (INFJ) | Champions (ENFP)| Teachers (INFP) | Counselors (INFJ) | Champions (ENFP)| Teachers

(ENFJ)(ENFJ) All Idealists (NFs) share the following core characteristics:All Idealists (NFs) share the following core characteristics:

Idealists are enthusiastic, they trust their intuition, yearn for Idealists are enthusiastic, they trust their intuition, yearn for romance, seek their true self, prize meaningful relationships, romance, seek their true self, prize meaningful relationships, and dream of attaining wisdom. and dream of attaining wisdom. 

Idealists  pride themselves on being loving, kindhearted, and Idealists  pride themselves on being loving, kindhearted, and authentic. authentic. 

Idealists tend to be giving, trusting, spiritual, and they are Idealists tend to be giving, trusting, spiritual, and they are focused on personal journeys and human potentials. focused on personal journeys and human potentials. 

Idealists make intense mates, nurturing parents, and Idealists make intense mates, nurturing parents, and inspirational leaders.inspirational leaders.

Highly ethical in their actions, Idealists hold themselves to a strict Highly ethical in their actions, Idealists hold themselves to a strict standard of personal integrity. They must be true to themselves and standard of personal integrity. They must be true to themselves and to others, and they can be quite hard on themselves when they are to others, and they can be quite hard on themselves when they are dishonest, or when they are false or insincere. More often, however, dishonest, or when they are false or insincere. More often, however, Idealists are the very soul of kindness. Idealists are the very soul of kindness.

Learning StyleLearning Style Idealists are excited and motivated by Idealists are excited and motivated by

ideas, particularly those relating to people ideas, particularly those relating to people and relationships or an understanding of and relationships or an understanding of "Life." They seek out learning about topics, "Life." They seek out learning about topics, causes, and ideas they value. They prefer causes, and ideas they value. They prefer that teachers act as coaches or mentors that teachers act as coaches or mentors who direct the Idealists' own self-directed who direct the Idealists' own self-directed learning. School, for Idealists, is merely the learning. School, for Idealists, is merely the launch pad for independent thinking, a launch pad for independent thinking, a place to discuss concepts with peers, and a place to discuss concepts with peers, and a resource for books, information, and resource for books, information, and guidance. In college, Idealists often choose guidance. In college, Idealists often choose majors in the fine arts, literature, majors in the fine arts, literature, psychology, or the humanities. psychology, or the humanities.

PERSONALITY FACTORSPERSONALITY FACTORS assertive/passiveassertive/passive -- often an assertive -- often an assertive

individual who is not afraid to ask questions, has individual who is not afraid to ask questions, has initiative to get things done is seen as better;  initiative to get things done is seen as better; 

introverted/extrovertedintroverted/extroverted -- good programmers -- good programmers may be either, a warm cooperative style for work may be either, a warm cooperative style for work in teams is often preferred.  in teams is often preferred. 

internal/external locus of controlinternal/external locus of control -- people -- people with strong internal locus of control can dominate with strong internal locus of control can dominate situations, they feel able to influence the world situations, they feel able to influence the world and control events; people with external locus of and control events; people with external locus of control feel victims of events and tend to allow control feel victims of events and tend to allow others to dominate them;  others to dominate them; 

high/low anxietyhigh/low anxiety -- moderate levels improve -- moderate levels improve performance, high levels lead to more errors performance, high levels lead to more errors which lead to higher anxiety, a vicious circle;  which lead to higher anxiety, a vicious circle; 

FACTORS (cont…)FACTORS (cont…) high/low motivation high/low motivation -- highly motivated people -- highly motivated people

can accomplish much more, managers usually try can accomplish much more, managers usually try to improve morale and motivation;  to improve morale and motivation; 

high/low tolerance for ambiguityhigh/low tolerance for ambiguity -- early stages -- early stages of program design need a tolerance for ambiguity, of program design need a tolerance for ambiguity, decisions must be made on limited data, risks must decisions must be made on limited data, risks must be taken;  be taken; 

compulsive precisioncompulsive precision -- later stages of program -- later stages of program composition require a precise attention to detail;  composition require a precise attention to detail; 

humilityhumility -- a successful programmer should not be -- a successful programmer should not be too ego-involved, a more humble approach leaves too ego-involved, a more humble approach leaves a programmer open to suggestion;  a programmer open to suggestion; 

tolerance of stresstolerance of stress -- projects may fall behind -- projects may fall behind schedule and pressures build up, a good schedule and pressures build up, a good programmer can work well in stressful situations. programmer can work well in stressful situations.

COGNITIVE STYLECOGNITIVE STYLE

analyticanalytic implies sequential, linear, implies sequential, linear, verbal symbolic processing, left-brain verbal symbolic processing, left-brain oriented;  oriented; 

heuristic heuristic implies intuitive, global, implies intuitive, global, pictorial processing, right-brain pictorial processing, right-brain oriented. oriented.

http://sern.ucalgary.ca/courses/cpsc/http://sern.ucalgary.ca/courses/cpsc/451/F00/HumanPerf.html451/F00/HumanPerf.html

Myers-BriggsMyers-Briggs Intuitive needs a sensing type: Intuitive needs a sensing type:  to bring up pertinent facts  to bring up pertinent facts  to apply experience to problems  to apply experience to problems  to read the fine print in a contract  to read the fine print in a contract  to notice what needs attention now  to notice what needs attention now  to have patience  to have patience  to keep track of essential detail  to keep track of essential detail  to face difficulties with realism  to face difficulties with realism  to remind that the joys of the present are to remind that the joys of the present are

importantimportant

Sensing needs an intuitive: Sensing needs an intuitive:  to bring up new possibilities  to bring up new possibilities  to supply ingenuity on problems  to supply ingenuity on problems  to read the signs of coming change  to read the signs of coming change  to see how to prepare for the future  to see how to prepare for the future  to have enthusiasm  to have enthusiasm  to watch for new essentials  to watch for new essentials  to tackle difficulties with zest  to tackle difficulties with zest  to show that the joys of the future are to show that the joys of the future are

worth working for worth working for

Feeling type needs a thinker: Feeling type needs a thinker:  to analyse  to analyse  to organize  to organize  to find the flaws in advance  to find the flaws in advance  to reform what needs reforming  to reform what needs reforming  to hold consistently to a policy  to hold consistently to a policy  to weigh "the law and the evidence"  to weigh "the law and the evidence"  to fire people when necessary  to fire people when necessary  to stand firm against oppositionto stand firm against opposition

Thinker needs a feeling type:Thinker needs a feeling type: to persuade  to persuade  to conciliate  to conciliate  to forecast how others will feel  to forecast how others will feel  to arouse enthusiasm  to arouse enthusiasm  to teach  to teach  to sell  to sell  to advertise  to advertise  to appreciate the thinker to appreciate the thinker