human physiology in the development of performance d681 12 anaerobic energy systems
TRANSCRIPT
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Human Physiology in the Development of Performance
D681 12
Anaerobic Energy systems
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Today’s Objectives
• Correctly identify what ATP is
• Correctly describe how ATP is broken down and rebuilt
• Correctly describe the anaerobic energy systems that the body uses to reproduce ATP
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Learning Outcome 2
• pc (c) The function of the three energy systems is correctly outlined
• pc (d) The relationship between the cardio respiratory system and the three energy systems is accurately explained
ENERGY
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Energy Systems
• In order to perform any functions within our body, we require energy
• The food that we eat contains energy rich substances, which we use to provide us with energy
• The energy from this food is used in order to ‘recycle’ a substance called ATP, which is essential for the energy process
• ATP is found naturally in our bodies and is stored in our muscles
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Energy Systems
• The four main components from our diet and the environment that we need to make ATP and get energy for sport and fitness are;– Carbohydrates– Fats– Protein– Oxygen
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Energy Systems
• ATP = Adenosine Tri Phosphate
• 1 Adenosine Molecule joined to three Phosphate molecules
• This is what an ATP molecule looks like:
i i i
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Energy Systems
• The body uses various methods in order to produce more ATP
• The reason we need to produce it is so that we can break it down to release the energy stored within it
• We need access to this energy to be able to do muscular contractions
i i i
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Energy Systems
• The reason we require to rebuild this ATP is because there is a limited supply in the muscles
• In order to rebuild ATP we require energy (from food) and a free phosphate (Pi) molecule
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Chemical Cycle for Making and Breaking ATP
(Breaking):- ATP ADP + Pi + energy
(Making):- ADP + Pi + energy ATP
(ADP = Adenosine Di Phosphate)
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Energy Systems
• The ATP stored in the muscles is limited and only provides enough energy to work for around 1-2 seconds
• What must we do now in order to continue moving?
• Make more (resynthesise) ATP
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Energy Systems
• The body has three energy systems which will replenish our ATP/energy supply
• The three energy systems are;
ATP – PC System (Anaerobic)
Lactic Acid System (Anaerobic)
Aerobic System (Aerobic)
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Aerobic and Anaerobic
• Aerobic; with oxygen
• Anaerobic; without oxygen
• The aerobic energy systems require oxygen to make more ATP
• The anaerobic energy systems make more ATP without using oxygen
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Chemical Cycle for ATP-PC System
ATP ADP + Pi + energy (muscle contraction)
PC P + C + energy ADP + Pi + energy ATP
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ATP-PC System• PC = Phosphocreatine • PC is stored in the muscle cells• PC is broken down to release energy which
can only be used to attach the free phosphate back on to ADP ATP
• This system is anaerobic as no oxygen is required and is used during high intensity exercise
• This supply of energy last about 10 seconds• It takes around 2 minutes to replace the
stores of PC once they have all been used, assuming oxygen is available
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Task
• In your small groups write down as many activities / sports / exercises that you think will be powered by the ATP-PC system
• 2-10 secs
• Very High intensity
ATP → ADP + Pi + energyPC → P + C + energyADP + Pi + energy → Limited ATP
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ATP-PC System
Activities that would use this system include;
• Sprinting (100m)
• Throwing (Javelin, Discus, Hammer)
• Jumping (High Jump, Diving)
• Hitting (Golf, Baseball)
• Weightlifting (Clean and Press)
• Providing energy to start exercise after a rest
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Energy Systems
• If you want to continue movement once the PC stores have run out, and the ATP-PC system can no longer help the muscles require to get energy from elsewhere
• The next energy system used is called the Lactic Acid System which can also be known as Anaerobic Glycolysis
ENERGY
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Lactic Acid System (Anaerobic Glycolysis)
Glycogen Glucose + energy
ADP + Pi + energy ATPGlucose Pyruvic Acid Lactic
Acid
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Lactic Acid System
• Glycogen is the stored form of carbohydrates
• Glycogen can be stored in the liver and in the muscles
• The process of breaking down glycogen is called Glycolysis
• This system is anaerobic as no oxygen is required and is used in mod/high intensity ex
• This supply of energy lasts from 10 secs up till 2 or 3 mins
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Lactic Acid System
• The main problem with this system is the production of Lactic Acid which causes the muscle to fatigue
• Depending on the intensity and the athlete’s ability to withstand lactic acid
• Full recovery from this system can take up to an hour if there is oxygen available
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Task
• In your small groups write down as many activities / sports / exercises that you think will be powered by the Lactic Acid system
• 10 secs – 2/3 mins
• High intensity
ATP → ADP + Pi + energyPC → P + C + energyADP + Pi + energy → Limited ATP
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Lactic Acid System
• Activities that would use this system include;
200m/400m/800m run
100m swim
Sprint finish of a 5,000m race
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Anaerobic Summary
1-2 secs ATP in Muscles
2-10 secs ATP – PC System
10 secs – 2/3 mins Lactic Acid System
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You Should Now Be Able To;
• Identify what ATP is
• Describe how ATP is broken down and rebuilt
• Describe the anaerobic energy systems that the body uses to reproduce ATP