UNIT – 5HUMAN POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT

Objective:To get a knowledge on human population and human rights To educate the students on value educationTo equip the students towards the modern technology with respect to environment and human health.

Population density:

Number of individuals of the population per unit area or per unit volume.Parameters affecting population size:

1. Birth rate or Natality2. Death rate or Mortality3. Immigration4. Emigration

Population Growth

The rapid growth of the global’s population for the past 100 years from the difference between the rate of birth and death.Causes of rapid population growth:

1. The rapid population growth is due to decrease in death rate and increase in birth rate

2. Availability of antibiotics, immunization, increased food production, clean water and air decreases the famine-related deaths

3. In agricultural based countries, children are required to help parents in the field that is why population increases in the developing countries.

Characteristics of population growth:

1. Exponential growth2. Doubling time3. Infant mortality rate4. total fertility rate5. Replacement level6. Male/female ratio7. Demographic transition

Variation of population based on age structure1. Pyramid shaped – India , Bangladesh, Ethiopia, 2. Bell shaped – France, USA, UK3. Urn shaped - Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Population ExplosionThe enormous increase in population due to low death rate and high birth rate.

Causes:

Modern medical facilities, life expectancy, illiteracy, Effects:

Poverty, Environmental degradation, Over –exploitation of natural resources ,Treat, Communal warRemedy:- Through birth control programmes.

Family welfare programme:Objectives:

Slowing down the population explosion Over exploitation of natural resources

Family planning programme:Objectives;

Reduce infant mortality rateEncourage late marriagesImprove women’s healthControl of communal diseases…

Environment and human health:1. Physical Hazards – Radioactive and UV radiations, Global warming,

Chlorofluro carbons, Noise etc. 2. Chemical Hazards – Combustion of Fossil fuels, industrial effluence,

pesticides, heavy metals,3. Biological Hazards- Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites

Human rights:1. Human right to freedom2. Human right to property3. Human right to freedom of religion4. Human right to culture and education5. Human right to constitutional remedies6. Human right to equality7. Human right against exploitation8. Human right to food and environment9. Human right to good health.

Value education:Types:

1. Formal education2. Value education3. Value - based environmental education

Objectives1. To improve the integral growth of human beign2. To create attitudes and improvement towards sustainable lifestyle.

3. To increase awareness about our national history our cultural heritage, constitutional rights, national integration, community develo9pment and environment.

4. To create and develop awareness about the values and their significance and role

5. To know about various living and non- living organisms and their interaction with environment.

Types of values:1. Universal values2. Cultural values3. Individual values4. global values5. Spiritual values

HIV /AIDS

AIDS is the abbreviated form for Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome caused by a virus called HIV.

Effects;1. Death2. Loss of labor3. Inability to work4. Lack of energy

Woman and child welfare:Objectives:

1. to provide education2. To impart vocational training3. To generate awareness4. To improve employment opportunities5. To restore dignity, equality and respect.

Role of information technology in environment:

Remote sensing:Component- A platform, aircraft, A balloon, rocket, and satellite.

Functions:1. Origin of electro magnetic energy2. Transmission of energy3. Interaction of energy4. Detection of energy5. Preprocessing of data6. Data analysis and interpretation7. Integration and other applications.

Applications:

In agriculture, forestry, land cover, water resources

Data Base- Collection of inter related data on various subjects.

Applications:1. Ministry of environment and forest2. National management information system3. Environmental information system

Geographical information system:Application:

Thematic maps are super imposed using soft wares.Interpretation of polluted zonesTo check unplanned growth and related environmental problems

Satellite data:1. Helps in providing reliable information and data about forest cover2. Provide information about forecasting weather3. Reserves of oil , minerals can be discovered.

WORLD WIDE WEB: Current data.

Applications: 1. Online learning 2. Digital files or photos, animations on environmental studies.

Role of information technology in human health:The health service technology involves three systems1. Finance and accounting2. Pathology3. Patient Administration – clinical system.

Applications:1. Data regarding birth and death rates2. To monitor the health of the people effectively3. The information regarding the outbreak of epidemic diseases.4. Online Consultation5. Drugs and its replacement..

Conclusion:Gaining in-depth knowledge regarding human health, human rights and role Played by modern technology to the environment.