HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

National Institute of Public Administration

Republic Indonesia

HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

FOR E-GOVT. IMPROVEMENT: INDONESIA EXPERIENCE

Anwar Sanusi, PhD

International conference on e-Government and administrative simplification

Prime Minister’s Office (PMO), Brunei Darussalam and OECD/Korea Policy Center

11-13 May 2010, Brunei Darussalam

Contents

Introduction

E-govt. implementation in Indonesia

Some issues on HRM on E-got

Recommendation

Introduction

• Electronic government (e-govt.) has be the buzzwords on

discussion and practices of the public policy throughout the

world.

• Most governments around the world started their e-

government initiatives with a focus on providing information

and services to the citizen while service delivery platforms and services to the citizen while service delivery platforms

remained separate and parallel across various government

agencies (UN, 2008).

• Not sufficient enough to support the increasing demand of

public needs. There is a shifting focus of emerging paradigm

from the provision of service delivery to provision of service

delivery with value. CONNECTED GOVERNANCE

INTRODUCTION

• Governments are realizing that continued expansion in e-

services is not possible without some kind of integration of

back-end government systems.

• Human resources plays important role in realizing the

connected governance, however it’s also problems to connected governance, however it’s also problems to

develop a competence human resources.

The five stages evolution of e-government

• Horizontal connections

• Vertical connections

• Infrastructure connections

• Connections between

governments and citizens

Connections among stakeholdersConnected

• Connections among stakeholdersConnected

Transactional

Interactive

Enhanced

Emerging

The advantages of connected governance

Internal:

• Avoidance of duplication

• Reducing transaction costs

• Simplifying bureaucratic procedures

• Greater efficiency

• Greater coordination and communication

• Enhanced transparency

• Information sharing between agencies

Connected

governance

contributes to:

• Information sharing between agencies

• Security of information management

External:

• Faster service delivery

• Greater efficacy

• Increased flexibility of service use

• Innovation in service delivery

• Greater participation

• Greater citizen empowerment

• Citizen participation

Short facts of Indonesia

• Total population 240,271,522 (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 4

• Southeastern Asia

• Archipelago between Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean

• Total area: 1,919,440 sq km • Total area: 1,919,440 sq km

land: 1,826,440 sq km water: 93,000 sq km

• Archipelago of 17,508 islands (6,000 inhabited); straddles equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean

Short facts of Indonesia

Ethnic Javanese 45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastal Malays

7.5%, other 26%

Languages Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English,

Dutch, local dialects. There are around 365 local languages, the

most widely spoken of which is Javanese.

Administrative division

system

Local autonomous with compose

- 33 provinces

- 492 district and municipalities/cities- 492 district and municipalities/cities

Telephones - main lines in

use:

30.378 million (2008)

country comparison to the world: 10

Telephones - mobile

cellular:

140.578 million (2008)

country comparison to the world: 6

Internet hosts: 865,309 (2009)

country comparison to the world: 42

Internet users 30 million (2008)

country comparison to the world: 11

GDP PPP $969.2 billion (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 16, GDP Per capita US$ 4000Sources: Ministry of home affairs, CIA the world fact book, 2009

Milestone of e-govt. implementation in

Indonesia: regulation perspective

Presidential Instruction No. 3/ 2003

“Developing strategy for e-Government “

• Develop a service system that is reliable and trustworthy, and affordable by the public;

• Restructure the system and work processes of government

• Increasing Participation Business and Industry Developing Telecommunications and • Increasing Participation Business and Industry Developing Telecommunications and Information Technology;

• Develop human resource capacity humans (HR), both in central and local government

• increasing e-literacy in the community;

• Conducting systematic development through the stages of a realistic and measurable

Law No. 11 /2008 about Information and electronic transaction

Law No 14/2008, Openness' of Public Information

The obligation of any public agency to provide public an access of, except for some specific information

Indonesia Position on e-govt. application

Country2008

Index

2003

Index

2008

Rank

2003

Rank

Singapore 0.7009 0.8503 23 7

Malaysia 0.6063 0.5706 34 43

Thailand 0.5031 0.5518 64 46

Philippines 0.5001 0.5721 66 41

Brunei Darussalam 0.4667 0.4475 87 73

Viet Nam 0.4558 0.3640 91 105

Indonesia 0.4107 0.3819 106 96

Rank CountryWeighted

ScoreRank Country

Weighted

Score4

1 Singapore 92.89 18 Netherlands 68.88

2 USA 89.31 19 New Zealand 68.58

3 Sweden 86.94 20 Mexico 64.68

4 UK 85.45 21 Thailand 64.51

5 Japan 82.3 22 Malaysia 63.38

5 Korea 82.3 23 Indonesia 62.02

7 Canada 80 24 India 60.89

8 Taiwan 78.69 25 South Africa 55.45

WASEDA University e-Government RankingE-Government Readiness for South-Eastern Asia

Indonesia 0.4107 0.3819 106 96

Cambodia 0.2989 0.2989 139 128

Myanmar 0.2922 0.2959 144 129

Timor-Leste 0.2462 0.2512 155 144

Lao People's

Democratic Republic

0.2383 0.2421 156 147

Region 0.4290 0.4388

World 0.4514 0.4267

8 Taiwan 78.69 25 South Africa 55.45

9 Findland 76.02 26 China 53.25

10 Germany 75.3 27 Philippines 50.81

10 Italy 75.3 28 Chile 47.11

12 Norway 73.84 29 Russia 41.66

13 Australia 73.6 30 Brazil 41.28

14 Hongkong 71.86 31 Vietnam 40.77

15 Belgium 71.26 32 Peru 38.26

16 Spain 70.77 33 Brunei 33.59

17 France 70.61 34 Fiji 26.02

• Connectivity and technology infrastructure

20%

• Business environment 15%

• Social and cultural environment 15%

• Legal environment 10%

• Government policy and vision 15%

Country Rank Score

Singapore 7 8.35

Malaysia 38 5.87

Thailand 49 5

Phillippines 55 4.58

Vietnam 64 3.8

Indonesia Position on e-govt. application

• Government policy and vision 15%

• Consumer and business adoption 25% Vietnam 64 3.8

Indonesia 65 3.51

Source: Economist Intelligence Unit, 2009

Case # 1

E-govt. for public information in Banyuasin District,

South Sumatera

Case # 2

E-govt. for public health in Jembrana, BALI

• District of Jembrana issues J-ID

(Jembrana Self Identity), is an

integrated in a single identity card integrated in a single identity card

given to every citizen who meets the

requirements of Jembrana.

• J-ID are realized in the form of SIAK

KTP (identity card of the Population

Administration Information System)

to identify a person when doing

transactions on population

administration, health, education and

others.

Case # 3

E-govt. for public service in Sragen, Central Java

• the implementation of e-

government is to create a

customer is online and

not in-line, meaning that

the network services that

are not on the queue, so are not on the queue, so

that the community

intervention services to

employees and the long

queue system can be

reduced.

Arrow Process

Why use graphics from PowerPointing.com?

Some weaknesses of e-govt. implementation

in Indonesia

• the online services provided through a government site, not supported yet by the effective management effective management systems and work processes

• of the rules, procedures and human resource

First

• inadequate budget allocation and

• lack of strategic planning for the development of e-Government in each government institution.

Second • Less coordination amongst government institution

Third

• Inadequate infrastructure, particularly compare with public needs

Tahun 4

(i) politicians who enact/legislate a law;

(ii) public administrators who define the

processes for realizing a law;

(iii) programmers who implement these

processes for realizing a law; and

Who is the Human resources of E-govt.?

(iv) end-users who use e-government services.

Whereas politicians are the suppliers of

the e-government system, the end-users

are its customers.

Main problems on implementation e-govt. in

Indonesia80% cause of the failure of e-govt. is that of non-ICT and only 20% are actually due to ICT.

Infrastructure

• Digital divide

• Less supporting

infrastructure

• Less service system • Central and local

disputes

• policy

• budget allocation

• standardization

Leadership

Infrastructure

Culture

• Social rejection and

resistance.

• Lack of awareness

and appreciation

• Parochialism

• standardization

The concept of central objective for

information and related technology (COBIT)To ensure the existing management style of government is more flexible, do not tend to "management with a mandate and rules",

To ensure improvement of internal communication existed through various kinds of tools

To ensure increasing external communications, particularly to their relevant stakeholders.

to ensure the availability of competent human resources and skills which required for implementing e-Government in accordance with the principle of expected benefit.

Exyternal

communicati

on

others

capacity

and

capability

HRD

Problems and

others

dst

others

Work culture

capability Problems and

challangesLeadership

1. Improving e-literacy, both among governments and the regional

autonomous government (policy makers, particularly) and in society in

order to develop a culture of information t.

2. Improving educational and training system, including information and

communication technology tools in synergy, both owned by governmental

agencies and non government institutions/ society.

3. Developing guidelines for providing education and training to government

agencies in accordance with the needs and the development of e-

Government implementation.

Improving HRD on E-govt.: Some recommendation

EXCELLENCE

SERVICE

BRAND CORE VALUES

of Governance

BRAND VISION of

Governance

TRUST

WORTHY

• Changing the mindset, attitude and work culture of

government officials who support and responsible to the

implementation of e-government through socialization /

explanation of the concept and e-Government program, as

well as best practice the implementation of e-Government.

• Increasing motivation through recognition / appreciation to all

Improving HRD on E-govt.: Some recommendation

• Increasing motivation through recognition / appreciation to all

HR information and communication field in the central and

local governments and communities to actively develop the

innovation into the work that is useful for the development

and implementation of e-Government.