Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.

In 1775, Anthony Benezet formed a human rights organization dedicated to the abolition slavery. According to Declaration of independence “that all men (but not women) are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”

After the revolutionary war their was created a republic in America in 1787that guaranteed civil rights and civil liberties. The constitution significantly refers to “persons” not men. As was used in the Declaration of Independence. Courts and legislatures varied in the interpretation of “Person”. According to them, "person” means only men, or only white men. Women had not right to vote in many states of America.

from 1785 until 1807 the state constitution in new jersey permitted all persons worth over 50 pounds to vote, free black man and single women but not married women who could have no independence claim to ownership of 50 pounds as anything they owned and earned belonged to their husbands by the common Law of Coverture. Through the doctrine of COVERTURE many states denied married women to right to own property in their own names. Over the year much resistance rose against the discrimination of women in voting, in property ownership, in occupational license and other matter was unconstitutional given the constitution’s use of the term “person”, but in all mail courts did not give his fair hearing

In 1860, the civil war was fought and the constitution was amended to prohibit slavery and to prohibit states denying rights granted in the institution, as the southern states continued practice of slavery. In the 14th amendment of constitution, the courts and states were prohibited in narrowing the meaning of “persons "but the courts did not practice it properly

In 1920, constitution was amended again to definitely prohibit discrimination against women suffrage

In 1970’s 27th amendment in law discrimination on the basis of age was prohibited for persons, 18 years old and over, in voting.

In 20th century the United States took a leading role in a creation of United Nation and in the drafting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

The Senate 2

members per

State. Elections every 2 years

House of Representatives

Members elected according

to the population of the

State. Elections every 2

years for the whole house

State Government

Republican Party

They believe in low taxation

And little interference from the

Federal Government. The

encourage individuals to work

hard and do not like welfare.

A party for the rich and Middle

Class.

Dwight Eisenhower1953-61

Richard Nixon1969-74

Gerard Ford1974-77

John F Kennedy 1961-63

Lyndon B Johnson 1963-68

Jimmy Carter 1977-81

Harry Truman1945-53

Presidential term: January 20, 2001 –January 20, 2009

Presidential term: January 20, 1993 –January 20, 2001

in

Right to Life

Every person has the right to have his life respected. This

right shall be protected by law and, in general, from the

moment of conception. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of

his life.

Freedom from SlaveryNo one shall be subject to slavery or to involuntary servitude, which are prohibited in all their forms, as are the slave trade and traffic in women.

Right to Personal Liberty

Every person has the right to personal liberty and security.

Right of Reply

Anyone injured by inaccurate or offensive statements or

ideas disseminated to the public in general by a legally

regulated medium of communication has the right to reply

or to make a correction using the same communications

outlet, under such conditions as the law may establish.

Freedom of Thought and Expression

Everyone has the right to freedom of thought and

expression. This right includes freedom to seek, receive,

and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of

frontiers, either orally, in writing, in print, in the form of

art, or through any other medium of one's choice.

1400:By 1400, hundreds of Native-American tribes live throughout North

America.

1492:Christopher Columbus discovers America.

1524—1620:Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazano explores New York Harbor. In 1565, the

Spanish establish Saint Augustine, Florida. The English establish Jamestown,

Virginia, in 1607 and Plymouth Colony, in Massachusetts, in 1620.

1775:The 13 colonies rebel against the British. The Declaration of Independence is

signed in 1776, and the United States of America is formed.

1787:The U.S. Constitution is written. In 1789, George Washington becomes the first

President.

1861—1865:The North and South fight the Civil War over slavery and other issues. In 1863,

the Emancipation Proclamation frees slaves in Confederate states.

1917—1918:The U.S. fights in World War I.

1929:The Wall Street stock market crashes. Fortunes are lost, and the Great

Depression begins.

1941:Japan bombs the U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor, in Hawaii. The U.S. enters World

War II. The war lasts until 1945.

1950:The U.S. enters the Korean War to defend South Korea. Fighting lasts for three

years.

1963:

Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "I Have a Dream" speech, leading the civil

rights movement.

1965:

The U.S. begins air raids in Vietnam. The Vietnam War ends with peace accords

in 1973.

1969:

Astronaut Neil Armstrong becomes the first person to walk on the moon.

1991:

The U.S. battles Iraq in the Persian Gulf War.

2001:

Terrorists hijack four planes for a string of deadly attacks against the U.S.

2003: The U.S. and its allies go to war in Iraq. Fighting lasts until 2011

White House Offices and AgenciesOffice of Administration:FUNCTION:

1) provides administrative support to all units in the Executive Office of the President.2) services include personnel, financial management, data processing, library services, records maintenance, and general office operations

Office of National Drug Control Policy:Established: Jan. 29, 1989function:sets policies, priorities,reduce illegal drug use, manufacturing,

Council of Economic Advisers (CEA):Established: Feb. 20, 1946

Function:helps the President devise an economic policy that promotes employment, production, and purchasing power.Council on Environmental Quality:Established: 1969FUNCTION:to formulate programs, strategies, laws, and regulations that help preserve the environment and the country's natural resources.Office of Science and Technology Policy:FUNCTION:to ensure that the United States remains a world leader in science and technology.

Office of the United States Trade RepresentativeUnited States Trade Representative develops and coordinates U.S. international trade and direct-investment policy.

Executive Departments

Department of Agriculture:Function:to make sure prices are fair; helps farmers financially with

subsidies and development programs; helps food producers sell their goods overseas.

Department of Defense:Function:1)nation's military security;2)directs the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force, as

well as the Joint Chiefs of Staff.3)responsibilities including flood control.

Department of Education:Function:including student loans,vocational educationDepartment of Homeland Security:Function:To protect the nation against threats to the homeland.

Major Independent Agencies:• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)• U.S. Commission on Civil Rights• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)• Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)• Federal Trade Commission (FTC)• National Transportation Safety Board• Federal Labor Relations Authority• President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports• Commission of Fine Arts• National edit Union Administration