human rights and development

human rights and developmentUNDOING WRONGS

Article 1.

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and

rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and

should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Article 2.

Everyone is entitled to all th

e rights and freedoms set

forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind,

such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or

other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or

other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on

the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international

status of the country or territory to which a person

belongs, whether it be independent, tr

ust, non-self-

governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

Article 3.

Everyone has the right to life, lib

erty and security of

person.

Article 4.

No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and

the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their fo

rms.

Article 5.

No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman

or degrading treatment or punishment.

Article 6.

Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a

person before the law.

Article 7.

All are equal before the law and are entitled without any

discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are

entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in

violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to

such discrimination.

Article 8.

Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the

competent national tribunals for acts violating the

fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by

law.

Article 9.

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or

exile.

Article 10.

Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public

hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in

the

determination of his rights and obligations and of any

criminal charge against him.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted the 10th of December 1948.

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Paris, 9 December 1948, International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. New York, 7 March 1966, Amendment to article 8 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. New York, 15 January 1992, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 16 December 1966, Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 10 December 2008, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966, Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966, Convention on the non-applicability of statutory limitations to war crimes and crimes against humanity. New York, 26 November 1968, International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid. New York, 30 November 1973, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 18 December 1979, Amendment to article 20, paragraph 1 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 22 December 1995, Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 6 October 1999, Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. New York, 10 December 1984, Amendments to articles 17 (7) and 18 (5) of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment . New York, 8 September 1992, Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. New York, 18 December 2002, International Convention against Apartheid in Sports. New York, 10 December 1985, Convention on the Rights of the Child. New York, 20 November 1989, Amendment to article 43 (2) of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. New York, 12 December 1995, Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. New York, 25 May 2000, Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. New York, 25 May 2000, Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. New York, 15 December 1989, International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families. New York, 18 December 1990, Agreement establishing the Fund for the Development of the Indigenous Peoples of Latin America and the Caribbean. Madrid, 24 July 1992, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York, 13 December 2006, Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York, 13 December 2006, International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance. New York, 20 December 2006It was followed by different treaties.

But it wasn’t until late 1990 it became trendy in development circles.

HUMAN RIGHTSWORLD FASHION DAYS

For example, aid agencies have adopted Human Rights policies …

…and the aid agencies describe their work in terms ofrights rather than aid.

Rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights, rights.

At the same time the definition of development was under review.

Economic growth

development

Human rights based approach to development

That meant a new way to describe and measure development.

$ GDP/capita

GDP/capita HealthEducation Human Rights

$

You may think: ”How should you work to achieve development that includes Human Rights?”

The answer is the Human Rights Based Approach. An approach that is grounded in Human Rights to achieve development that include Human Rights.

Ehhh. What? Quoi? You may say and continue asking:What is Human Rights Based Approach?What are the strengths and weaknesses?Is it useful to use the Human Rights Based Approach

in development cooperation?

Susanna Rudehill has in her Master thesis answered these and other questions.

Susanna explain what the Human Rights Based Approach entails.

Internation

al legal

obligations

Non-discrimination

Accountability

Participation and Empowerment

Human Rights Based

Approach

There are four principles of the Human Rights Based Approach to development.

Internation

al legal

obligations

Non-discrimination

Accountability


Human Rights Based

Approach

The development strategies rest on universally recognized moral values.

Internation

al legal

obligations

Non-discrimination

Accountability


Human Rights Based

Approach1

The development strategies rest on universally recognized moral values.

Internation

al legal

obligations


Human Approach

But the human rights are the last resort, you have to first use the laws in the nation, before using the human rights

Development is not the aggregated improvements in living conditions of a population in general.

Internation

al legal

obligations

Non-discrimination

Accountability


Human Rights Based

Approach2

Develoment is not the aggregated improvements in living conditions of a population in general.

Internation

al legal

obligations

Non-discrimination

Accountability


Human Rights Based

Approach

Discrimination and exclusion are root causes for poverty

The people affected by a specific development policy should have an effective role in shaping it.

Internation

al legal

obligations

Non-discrimination

Accountability


Human Rights Based

Approach3

The people affected by a specific development policy should have an effective role in shaping it.

Internation

al legal

obligations

Non-discrimination

Accountability


Human Rights Based

Approach

'Cause when it's all for one it's one for all.

The states have an obligation to respect, protect and fulfill the rights.

Internation

al legal

obligations

Non-discrimination

Accountability


Human Rights Based

Approach4

The states have an obligation to respect, protect and fulfill the rights.

Internation

al legal

obligations

Non-discrimination

Accountability


Human Rights Based

Approach

Of course, even Human Rights Based Approach has its strengths and weaknesses in practice.

Internation

al legal

obligations

Non-discrimination

Accountability


Human Rights Based

Approach

A lot of strengths and weaknesses. We will look into some of them.

StrenghtsWeaknesses

Human Rights empowers, it

demands, rather than asking for mercy

Human Rights empowers, it

demands, rather than asking for mercy

Repeating slogans, even good slogans, is not the way to go

Repeating slogans, even good slogans, is not the way to go

There is no equivalent alternative in today’s politics

There is no equivalent alternative in today’s politics

The people here don't tolerate rights which has to do with, sort of come out of their culture, such as tolerating people with an alternative sexual orientation. Ah, ah, ah, they don't talk to you about that! (…) But things like rights to health, right to water, right to this - ahh, no problem. But if it crosses their culture they are very sensitive about it. They want to stick to their culture.

The people here don't tolerate rights which has to do with, sort of come out of their culture, such as tolerating people with an alternative sexual orientation. Ah, ah, ah, they don't talk to you about that! (…) But things like rights to health, right to water, right to this - ahh, no problem. But if it crosses their culture they are very sensitive about it. They want to stick to their culture.

A state's political legitimacy is judged by

the extent to which it respects

the rights of its citizens

A state's political legitimacy is judged by

the extent to which it respects

the rights of its citizens

Human rights have been misused. And unfortunately they have given undemocratic governments ammunition to fight and get rid of their critics

If a small group of nations want to

right the world's wrongs, it is not surprising that people from

other parts of the world associate this

with nineteenth-century colonialism

If a small group of nations want to

right the world's wrongs, it is not surprising that people from

other parts of the world associate this

with nineteenth-century colonialism

We must demand substantive, not historical

arguments, for accepting

or rejecting human rights

”Let us hear the final remark of Susanna in her thesis.

My conclusion is that the Human Rights Based approachcan be defended as a useful and relevant framework in development cooperation, provided that human rights are continually critically examined both in theory and practice and human rights are reformulated and understood in a way relevant to the powerless of the postcolonial world today

In other words.

xxxxx

Maybethe Human Rights Based Approachis relevant when it comes to development cooperation

xxxxx

But to be effective to stopdiscrimination,oppression andexploitation

it needs to benon-discriminative,non-oppressive andnon-exploitive.

xxxxx

Thank you for watching!