HUMAN SYSTEMS

ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY

Economic Sectors Primary – involve

using the ground Secondary –

manufacturing & construction

Tertiary – provide services rather than goods

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

Traditional Herding, hunting &

gatheringMarket

Individuals & markets make decisions on production and set prices

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

Command Governments make

decisions about products and prices

Mixed Gov’t ownership in

some sectors with private ownership

Heavy regulation

DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES

The world has unequal distribution of resources, capital, and infrastructure

Leads to unequal development

LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT

MDCs (Core) $, high-tech, high

standards of livingEmerging

Some $, education systems

LDCs (Periphery) Low wages

Settlement typesSettlement patternsLand usesUrban structure

URBAN & RURAL GEOGRAPHY

SETTLEMENT TYPES

Trade River crossings &

crossroads Natural harbors Heads of deltas

Defense Hilltops Mouths of passes

Look at the map on p. 121

Dispersed – no threats, individualsHomesteadsplantations

Clustered – protection from attack, building communitiesLinearnucleated

RURAL SETTLEMENT PATTERNS

Von Thunen’s ModelActivity is based on distance from town

Valuable crops are closest to the market

Transportation costs & spoilage are main factors

AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

TYPES OF AGRICULTURE

Subsistence agriculture Shifting cultivation pastoralism

Commercial agriculture MDCs

Mechanized Economy of scale

LDCs Cash crops

plantations

URBAN STRUCTURE

Urban area develop in predictable ways

Each world region developed its own style

Services, industry, income levels tend to cluster

Growth leads to new models

Types of BoundariesNaturalCulturalGeometric

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY

Reasons for Confl ict Nationalism

Ethnic conflicts Control of territory

Economic issues Tariffs quotas

Competition for resources Spratly Islands

Reasons for Cooperation Political & Military

NATO OAS UN

Economic EU NAFTA WTO