HUMAN TRAFFICKING: 101

TRICIA SHIELDS RN MSN SANE DVNE

JILL BRUMMETT RN MSN SANE DVNE

MISSY CAIN BSN

OVERVIEW: Definition of human trafficking Trafficking statistics Identifying victims of human trafficking Red flag indicators of trafficking Cases of trafficking General health issues related to

trafficking Responding to victims of trafficking

HUMAN TRAFFICKING: WHAT IS IT?Modern- day form of slavery

The US State Department’s office defines two forms of trafficking: SEX & LABOR

Victims subjected to force, fraud or coercion for the purpose of sex or labor

KEY ELEMENTS OF TRAFFICKING:

FORCE- Rape, beatings, confinement

FRAUD- Includes false and deceptive offers of employment, marriage, and/or better life

COERCION- Threats of serious harm, physical restraint; any scheme, plan, or intention to cause victims to believe that failure to perform act would result in restraint or abuse

TYPES OF TRAFFICKING: SEX TRAFFICKING- A commercial sex

act induced BY FORCE, FRAUD, OR COERCION, or in which the person induced to perform such act is <18

LABOR TRAFFICKING- The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor services, THROUGH THE USE OF FORCE, FRAUD, OR COERCION

RECENT TRAFFICKING STATISTICS: In 2010, 49, 105 human trafficking

victims worldwide were identified; a 59% increase over the previous reporting year

Human trafficking has become a $12 billion a year global industry

Between 14,500 and 17,500 individuals are trafficked into the United States each year

More than half of those victims are children

Healthcare professionals are among the 1st to

encounter trafficking victims while they are

being held by their traffickers!!

OUR ROLE AS HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS:Assess and Identify human trafficking cases

Provide culturally-sensitive questioning which may break the silence and afford the patient the opportunity for rescue

Provide holistic, comprehensive care in a safe setting

WHO ARE THE VICTIMS/PATIENTS?

Anyone: US citizens, immigrants, foreign nationals, old, young, male, female

Historically- Non-English speaking Unfamiliar with U.S. culture or laws Isolated individuals Those fearful of healthcare providers,

government, police Individuals that are watched, escorted,

guarded, or “coached” Individuals in poor health by the time they

seek medical attention

WHO ARE THE TRAFFICKERS?Male and female Usually same ethnicity as victim

Foreign Nationals and U.S. Citizens

Often speak multiple languages Sometimes member of organized crime

Looking for a profit…no matter the cost

Stranger, acquaintance, friend, family member, pimp

Often have a legal immigration status

Evidence of being controlled Evidence of inability to move or leave a job Bruises or other signs of physical abuse Fearful and/or submissive Not speaking on own behalf and/or non-English speaking No passport or other forms of identification, documents, or money Frequent relocation Numerous inconsistencies in his/her story Avoids eye contact Individual is using false identification papers Claims of just visiting and inability to clarify where he/she is staying Lack of knowledge of whereabouts and/or does not know what city he/she

is in Has few or no personal possessions

RED FLAG INDICATORS:

RED FLAG INDICATORS OF MINOR SEX TRAFFICKING:

Excess amount of cash Hotel room keys Signs of branding Lying about age/false identification Lack of knowledge of a given community Presence of over- controlling and abusive

“boyfriend” Restricted/ scripted communication Exhibits behaviors including hyper-vigilance or

paranoia, nervous, submissive

WHERE CAN VICTIMS/PATIENTS BE FOUND:

Sex Trafficking:Asian Massage Parlors,

Strip ClubsNail Salons

Street ProstitutionEscort Services

Truck StopsLatino Residential

BrothelsHotels/Motels

Labor Trafficking:Domestic Service

RestaurantsFarms

FactoriesHousekeepingConstructionCandy Sales

Door-to-Door Magazine Sales

HT IN KY:

Grand Jury Indicts Human Trafficking Suspect

May 15, 2008, Lexington, KYThe Lexington Herald-Leader reports

a Fayette County Grand Jury indicted Calvin Walker on two human trafficking charges

Police say Walker lured two women to Lexington then forced them to work at a strip club took their money kept them from leaving

SEX TRAFFICKING

• FBI Investigating Elizabethtown human trafficking case Jun 24, 2011

• A prominent Central Kentucky doctor and his ex-wife are facing federal charges

• Illegal immigrant as a maid • The couple promised her a monthly

salary- However, the woman said she was paid $20,000 total during her 12 years of labor

• They took the woman's passport• They told the woman she'd be

arrested and deported if she left the house

• Holding her against her will.... from 1994 to 2006…(12YRS)

LABOR TRAFFICKING

Parents indicted for human trafficking-May 20, 2011

RICHMOND — Two Madison County parents were indicted on human trafficking charges

(could spend up to 20 years in prison for allegedly selling the sexual favors of their teenage daughters)

Duvall interviewed both girls, who told him their mother “made them go out with guys for money, food and clothing.” IDENTIFIED:

Foley Middle School teacher called Richmond Police to report two students from her school dressed “inappropriately” as they stood in front of the cinema at Richmond Centre.The girls were dressed in “lacy, hot-pink negligee-like tops, tight jeans and boots,” …temperature was in the 30s.

HISTORY:Anthony and Kathy Hart have had

brushes with the law …

In late 2002, both were indicted by a Boyle County grand jury on the child-selling charge, but the case against Kathy Hart was dismissed

in 2004.

SEX TRAFFICKING

Kentucky Man Awaits Trial for Human TraffickingOctober 2010 COVINGTON: A convicted child molester will be the subject of Kenton County's first human trafficking case. Bobby Jo Perry II (39yrs) was found guilty of sodomy- He is accused of selling a boy he sodomized to another pedophile. Perry will be brought to trial a second time under Kentucky's three-year-old human trafficking law. The victim, who was eleven at the time, testified against him.

SEX TRAFFICKING

• Gas Station laborForce, fraud, coercion (male/female) -Florence worker

• Porn, Strip Clubs, Prostitution/Massage Parlors (minors & adults)-Ft. Thomas

• Video Shop Manager- Kenwood

Domestic ServitudeNannies, housekeepers- Forced marriage, mail order bridesRestaurant workers in Ft. Wright

Other Trafficking Cases/Victims in Southern Ohio/Northern KY:

We are just scratchingthe surface…

LABOR & SEX TRAFFICKING

Labor Camps/Sweatshops/Brothels Blacked out windows

Man trap doors

Security cameras

High walls

Buzz-in Entrance

Security intended to keep victims confined

Barbed wire

• Self-contained camps

• Bouncers, guards, and/or guard dogs

• Restricted or controlled communication

• Frequently moved by traffickers

• Large number of occupants for living space

• Bars on windows

Kentucky Rescue & Restore Data:

LABOR & SEX TRAFFICKING

KY RR MAY 2011 Stats:• 59 Cases identified in KY

since 2008

• 123 Victims Served

• KY RR Services include: • housing, advocacy, medical

care, interpretation/translation, family reunification, visa assistance, etc.

HEALTH CARE OF HT VICTIM/PATIENT:

Preventative healthcare virtually non- existent Typically not treated in early stages Healthcare frequently administered by

unqualified “doctor” hired by the trafficker Healthcare provided with no regard for

disease, infection, or contamination control

GENERAL HEALTH ISSUES WITH HT: Inhumane living

conditions- exposure to infectious diseases

Poor sanitation Inadequate nutrition Poor personal

hygiene/dental care

Brutal physical & emotional abuse

Dangerous work-place conditions

Lack of quality medical care- undetected/ untreated diseases

HEALTH ISSUES AMONG SEX TRAFFICKING:

STD’S: HIV/AIDS Gonorrhea Syphilis Pelvic

Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Pubic Lice Human

Papillomavirus (HPV)

FEMALE SPECIFIC:

Unwanted pregnancies

Sterility Miscarriages Menstrual

Problems Infertility Mutilations

HEALTH ISSUES AMONG LABOR TRAFFICKING:Chronic back pain

Respiratory Illness

Cardiovascular Problems

Poor Eyesight

Poor Hearing

Diabetes Cancer Female /Male

Reproductive Problems

CHRONIC HEALTH

CONDITIONS-

INFECTIOUS HEALTH

CONDITIONS- TB HEPATITIS MALARIA PNEUMONIA/

ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS

HIV/AIDS

Physical Risks HT Patient:

Drug and Alcohol Abuse and/or Addiction

Physical Injuries Traumatic Brain Injuries

Suicide or Death

Physical Injuries HT Patients:

Broken Bones Concussions Burns Strangulation Contusions Vaginal/ anal tears or injuries Tattoo or Branding

Many patients develop Traumatic Bonding or Stockholm Syndrome:Characterized by cognitive distortions

Reciprocal positive feelings develop between captors and their hostages

Bond is type of human survival instinct

Helps the victim cope with the captivity

Patients also suffer fromPsychological Trauma:

Depression PTSD Phobias Insomnia Physical

Hyper-alertness

Self-loathing

Anxiety or panic attacks

Feelings of helplessness, shame, denial, disbelief, or humiliation

Cultural shock

WHERE MIGHT A HT VICTIM BE INTERCEPTED?

• Places of Transport / Travel Centers• Bus stations, airports (domestic and intl.), truck stops/gas stations, rest

areas

• **Businesses where Alcohol is Sold**• Liquor stores, strip clubs, hotel restaurants

• Hotels / Motels• Highway hotels, upper-class hotels, rural motels, airport hotels

• College Campus• Traffickers / pimps may recruit victims on college campuses, College

restaurants/bars

• Shopping Center/ Youth Hangouts• Mall• Skate Park• YMCA• Flea Market• Local cinema• Neighborhood Store

Patients in a Trafficking Situation- feel trapped

with no safe way out

have limited knowledge of their rights and legal options

have limited personal freedoms

OPEN COMMUNICATION IS KEY TO SURVIVAL-

• May not Identify as Victim

• Distrust of healthcare providers

• Unaware of rights

Treat as a patient, NOT a criminal. Reiterate “What is happening to you is wrong.”

We are here to help you. We can protect you and get you the health care you need and deserve- You can trust us.

You have rights. You have the right to live without being abused.

TRAFFICKING VICTIMS IMMEDIATE NEEDS:

Immediate assistance Housing, food, medical, safety and security, language interpretation and legal services

Mental health assistance Counseling, rehabilitation

Income assistance Cash, living assistance

Legal assistance Immigration, civil, criminal, rights

Path

P.A.T.H.

Education&

Outreach

Law Enforceme

ntAdvocacy

Legal Advocacy

VictimAdvocacy

Partnership Against the Trafficking of HumansP.A.T.H. is a victim focused partnership of professional organizations, community agencies,

and volunteers committed to the Prevention of human trafficking through education and training; Protecting victims and survivors through rescue and holistic services; and

ensuring the Prosecution of traffickers through legal advocacy.

Providing Materials, Education & Trainingfor individuals, agencies, & organizations

Increasing Awareness & Identification of Victims

Help meet needs of victims such as:Food, shelter, clothing, counseling,

Language advocacy, & more

Helping victims with legal assistance, Immigration options, KY legislation, &

Criminal prosecution of traffickers

Rescue & Protection of victimsCase Investigation

Criminal prosecution of traffickers

www.pathnky.org www.wccky.org

Contact & Resources

Mary Rmaryr@wccky.org

859-491-3335

Women’s Crisis Center(Various Locations)

National HT Hotline1.888.3737.888

Look Beneath the Surface…

Kentucky Rescue & Restore: www.rescueandrestoreky.org

Partnership Against the Trafficking of Humans

WWW.PATHNKY.ORGFind out how you can help locally!

Facebook: PATH

DHHS Rescue & Restore:www.rescueandrestore.org

Polaris Project:www.polarisproject.org

Questions???