Human Trafficking

A Global Problem

What is human trafficking?

Technical definition:Human trafficking is the recruitment, transport, transfer,

harboring or receipt of a person by such means as threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud or deception for the purpose of exploitation.

Exploitation includes prostitution of others, forced labor, slavery, servitude or the removal of organs.

Source: UN Protocol

What does trafficking look like?Where does it happen?

From www.antislavery.orgIndia - Bonded labor - or debt bondage - is probably the least known form of slavery today, and yet it is the most widely used method of enslaving people. A person becomes a bonded laborer when their labor is demanded as a means of repayment for a loan. The person is then tricked or trapped into working for very little or no pay, often for seven days a week. The value of their work is invariably greater than the original sum of money borrowed.

How big is the problem?

source: Siddharth Kara, Sex Trafficking: Inside the Business of Modern Slavery

2006 number %Bonded labor 18,100,000 58%Trafficked slaves: 2,700,000 9%

Sexual exploitation 1,200,000 4%Other forced labor 1,500,000 5%

Forced labor 7,600,000 24%Total 31,100,000

From 2011 Trafficking in Persons Report, US State DeptThousands of African and Asian migrant workers wait in line for food at a refugee camp, having fled from the violence in Libya. Fleeing workers reported document confiscation and debt bondage.

How much money is involved?

Slavery is lucrative – especially sex!• Second only to drug trafficking in terms of global

criminal enterprises.

source: Siddharth Kara, Sex Trafficking: Inside the Business of Modern Slavery

2007

Annual Revenue per

slave

Implied annual Revenues from

slave labor

Average profit margin

Annual Profits per slave

Annual Profits from Slave Labor

Bonded labor 1,810$ 32,900,000,000$ 53% 950$ 17,300,000,000$ Trafficked slaves:

Sexual exploitation 42,030$ 51,300,000,000$ 70% 29,210$ 35,700,000,000$ Other forced labor 4,800$ 7,200,000,000$ 55% 2,640$ 4,000,000,000$

Forced labor 7,960$ 60,800,000,000$ 56% 4,482$ 34,200,000,000$

Global Total Profit $ 91 billionprofit per slave $ 3,175

From 2011 Trafficking in Persons Report, US State DeptLeft - A child harvests coffee beans in Honduras.Right - A young boy leads al-Shabaab fighters as they conduct a military exercise in Mogadishu, Somalia. The country’s continuous violence appears to have increased recruiting efforts – by all parties in conflict – of minors who can easily be indoctrinated.

Is trafficking the same as slavery?

• Pretty much, yes.Slavery is a system under which people are forced to

work without pay under threat of violence and unable to walk away.

(Slavery and trafficking are different than smuggling - people consent to being smuggled but not to being enslaved.)

From 2011 Trafficking in Persons Report, US State DeptA girl carries her sister as she breaks rocks into smaller pieces to be sold for construction purposes in Juba, South Sudan.

Isn’t slavery illegal?

Yes. Slavery is outlawed in every country yet today there are about 30 million slaves in the world

• Slavery was abolished by the British in 1853 and in the United States in 1863.

• The difference between slavery today and slavery

then is that slaves are cheap and disposable.(average cost of a slave today is $90 but equivalent of

$40,000 in 1850 in the US.)

From 2011 Trafficking in Persons Report, US State DeptAbout 250 runaway housemaids who escaped abuse by theirKuwaiti sponsors lived in a makeshift shelter inside the Philippinesembassy in Kuwait City, awaiting a chance to go home.

Why can’t slaves escape?

• Debt• Shame• Threat of violence/harm• Chains• Addiction• Corruption

From The Sold Project DVDSaa, a Bangkok sex worker.

Why do we still have slavery?

– Population – Globalization and poverty – Corruption

Kevin Bales, TED Talk

What do we do about it?

• Support the groups that are working against human trafficking like CBF, Free the Slaves, and Not for Sale.

• Eliminate poverty • education• slave proofing.

• Buy Fair Trade. • ???

Sex and Cinco de MayoOn May 4, 2011, Ryan and Cindy Clark taught a course on cooking Mexican food with ladies involved with the Kalinga-Crossover, a ministry to sex workers in Baguio. Many of the girls who work in "Massage Parlors" are not allowed to go out on their own, to attend classes or Bible study. This is a key signal that they are not in Baguio on their own free will and that they've been trafficked.

Cindy Ring Ruble

CBF Field Personnel in Malaysia

Current areas of focus of Cindy & Eddy Ruble’s work in Indonesia and Malaysia:

•Preventing Child Sexual Abuse•Human Trafficking Awareness •Preventing Violence Against Women•Promoting Gender Equality•Education•Earthquake Relief•Peacemaking/Interfaith Action

Risky

Nova

Questions?