HUMAN

TRAFFICKING

Lesson Outcomes

By the end of this lesson, the learners must understand:

• What is Child Trafficking• Who and why people are trafficked• Where children are trafficked • How serious this issue is in our communities• Who are the victims and perpetrators of child

trafficking• How individuals and communities can raise

awareness about child trafficking

Lesson Outcomes

QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED1) Define child trafficking. 2) Why is there human/child trafficking?3) Who are the victims? Profile and signs of a victim.4) Who are the perpetrators?5) How do they maintain a hold over their victims?6) What risks are victims subject to, and what damage do

they suffer?7) Where are the hot spots in SA?8) How can schools help prevent human/child trafficking?

What is Human Trafficking?

Human trafficking is defined as

a) sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud or coercion, or in which the person included to perform such an act has not attained 18 years of age.

b) the recruitment, harbouring, transportation,provision, or obtaining of a personfor labour or services, through the use offorce, fraud, or coercion for the purposeof subjection to involuntary service, or slavery.

- Trafficking In Persons Report, 2008

Child Trafficking is. . .

A Closer Look

2 children are sold into trafficking every minute.

Some Statics on Human Trafficking1.2 million…

children and babies are trafficked annually worldwide. Human Trafficking is

the 3rd largest international crime

Human Trafficking is seen as modern-day slavery People are trafficked

for the use of :-drug couriers-organs (body parts)-money-marriage

A Closer look

Both men and women are trafficked especially children

The Victims

Primary Vs. Secondary

Primary: Individuals suffering through direct involvement.

Secondary: Friends, families, schools, churches, communities.

Refugees and displaced persons due to war, natural disasters, etc.

The uneducated and naive

Those living in poverty

All persons, but most prominently:

women and children

TouristsThe

socially excluded

Runaways

Those who are promised a better life

Widowed, divorced or unmarried women

Addicts

Victims of abuse

The Perpetrators

Organized gangs and crime groups Established trafficking

network agents

Drug peddlers

Weapon smugglers

Local recruiters

Transporters & Taxi drivers

Corrupt officials Employment

agents

Brothel/Bar madams or

owners

Pedophiles

Service or Entertainment promotersFamily

members

The Perpetrators

DEBTS•Victims are often subjected to debt-bondage

•Paying off transportation fees into the destination countries. •It is a… never ending cycle

*The only way out is to escape/ run away.

Risks and LossesWhat risks are victims subject to, and what damage do they suffer?

Risks For All Victims of Trafficking:

• Low, withheld or no wages• Hazardous work environments• Malnutrition• Lack of medical attention• All forms of abuse and increased susceptibility to abuse• Trauma (leading to the development of mental illness)• Economic integration difficulty• Ruined self image, concept of self-worth and dignity

Risks For Victims Of Sex Trafficking:

• Unwanted pregnancy• Unsafe abortions

* Higher maternal mortalityrisk

• Infertility• Cervical cancer

• HIV/AIDS/other STD’s• Severe physical injury

Identifying Trafficked Persons

• Living with employer • Poor living

conditions

• Withheld documents

• Signs of abuse

• Forbids private conversation

• Living at work • Never alone

• Submissive, fearful

• Unpaid or underpaid

• Language or culture barriers

• Matches profile of an addict

• Displays uncomfortable or passive typical work mood

Signs of a victim

Needs and Rights of Survivors

Needs of Survivor:

Rights of Survivor:

• Safety

• Privacy

• Interpretation• Legal Representation

• Medical Attention• Civil Compensation• Repatriation• Case Management

• Immediate Assistance • Income Assistance• Mental Health Assistance• Legal status

• Immigration Relief

Why does it exist and persist?

• Interwoven in other forms of organized crime, and is therefore difficult to eliminate.

• Corruption in government, law

enforcement.

• Difficulty in tracking trafficked

persons and traffickers themselves.

• Lax and ineffective government regulations, or lack of regulations altogether.

• Supply/Demand • Prone environments due to war, poverty,

famine, political instability etc.

• Values

• High profit, low risk.

Where are Children trafficked?• Depending on the reason for trafficking, some

countries might be only sending, while others might be both sending and transit :

• ‘Sending’ or ‘origin’ - from where children are sent;

• ‘Transit’ - where the children might be moved through and temporarily kept on the way to their final destination; and' Receiving’ or ‘destination’ - where the children finally end up.

• Some countries can be all three. South Africa is an origin, sending and transit country and South African children are also trafficked within the country

How can you raise awareness

• South Africa must develop and implement a national plan of action to combat human trafficking that sets a standardised procedure for trafficking cases (also needs to focus on domestic/internal trafficking), especially to improve victim identification. In addition, the Government must raise awareness among all levels of relevant government officials as to their responsibility to ensure the protection of victims.

• By running anti-child trafficking campaigns in our communities and having talks to education people about child trafficking

• Signing petitions in decreasing child trafficking and calling for stricter legislative

Personal Relevance

What Sector of Trafficking