humanitarianism and war project status report

8/14/2019 Humanitarianism and War Project Status Report

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Status Report 50 - June 2006

S T A T U S R E P O R T 33

TThhee HH&&WW PPrroojjeeccttThis report covers the period since February 2006 and is designed to keep readers up to date on the work ofHumanitarianism and War Project. The text of this and earlier reports is available at


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H & W P R O J E C T S T A T U S R E P O R T


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This Status Report takes note of the closing of the Humanitarianism and War Project on June 30, 2006. The Projects researpublication, and dissemination activities will be continued within the Feinstein International Centers thematic work on politand policy, as described by Peter Walker below. The series of Status Reports will continue in order to keep the Centers stak

holders fully in the picture. This concluding issue reflects on the Projects work during its fifteen years and conveys some brcomments from those who have been involved.

A Retrospective on the Project

y Larry Minear, H&W Director

With the winding down of the Cold War in the late Eighties,umanitarian organizations sensed an open moment. A newossibility -- that instead of waiting for conflict-displaced peopleo flee across international boundaries, humanitarian agencies

might assist them in their countries of origin -- surfaced in 1989n the Sudan. Following massive loss of civilian lives in 1988

when aid agencies were prevented from reaching those in need,he United Nations, led by UNICEF executive director JamesGrant, negotiated access for humanitarian programs with theKhartoum authorities and the SPLA insurgents.

African activist Abdul Mohammed sensed in that breakthroughhe beginnings of a new approach at the global level to humani-arian action in war zones, based on the consent of the warringarties and on the location of humanitarian actors within theonflicts themselves. He spurred our study of the dynamics ofhis particular arrangement in the Sudan, the subject ofHumani-

arianism under Siege: A Critical Review of Operation Lifeline

udan, published just in time for the Convention on the Rights

f the Child in 1990. The enthusiastic reception of donor gov-rnments and aid agencies to the Sudan study led to the foundingf the Humanitarianism and War Project.

The theme of the politicization of humanitarian action or, moreositively, the urgency of efforts to enhance and protect the in-egrity of humanitarian activities in highly politicized settings

would become the leitmotif of our work. It figured prominentlyn country reviews on the Persian Gulf Crisis (1992), Central

America (1993), Cambodia (1993), Former Yugoslavia (1994),Liberia (1995), Georgia (1996), Afghanistan/Mozambique/Rwanda (1996), Nagorno-Karabakh (1996), Chechnya (1996),Burundi (1997), and Kosovo (2000). The theme also came inor specific review in Occasional Papers on politics and humani-arian action, the conflict connection, coordination, the humanights interface, the role of social science in humanitarian praxis,nd advocacy. The Project also published several books on eco-omic sanctions, the media, gender, the role of international

military forces in Rwanda, local capacity building, and the po-itical economy of humanitarian action.

ome of our studies were undertaken at the request of the UN orther agencies: our review of the humanitarian impacts of eco-omic sanctions is an example, which helped influence IASC

discussions. Others such as the OECD-published review of responses of foreign military forces to the Rwanda genocideaftermath reflected our own initiative. From the outset, wesought to identify topics and themes of interest to the wider hmanitarian family. While initially our emphasis was on the rsearch itself and on developing a methodology to support ouwork, over time we devoted higher priority and greater resouto disseminating our findings and recommendations. All of

publications appeared in English. OurHumanitarian ActionTimes of Warhas French and Spanish editions, our guide to manitarian action in the Caucasus is available in Russian, ouCentral America reprise in Spanish, our Haiti case study inFrench.

The H&W Project was initially based at the Refugee PolicyGroup in Washington, DC and the Watson Institute for Intertional Studies at Brown University in Providence, reflectinginstitutional homes of co-founders Larry Minear and ThomaWeiss. In 1994 the Project was consolidated at Brown and, lowing the departure of Weiss to a professorship at the GradCenter of the City University of New York in 1998, moved tthe Feinstein International Famine Center at Tufts in 2000. A

Tufts, the Project and the Center have been a part of the Frieman School of Nutrition Science and Policy and are associatwith the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy.

Across its span of fifteen years, the Project has been associawith, and has helped nurture, the emergence of a discipline ohumanitarian studies. At the Projects inception in 1991, thewere few, if any, research groups focusing on the humanitarfield. Humanitarian activities were viewed by academicsthrough the broader lens of political science or international ganizations, with little attention to the day-to-day challengesfaced by practitioners. The Project has helped frame a dis-course, promoting perhaps even coining key concepts suas humanitarian action (encompassing both assistance and prtection), the humanitarian enterprise (an undertaking with mcommercial as well as human security-oriented aspects) andhumanitarian space (with political and security as well as gegraphical dimensions).

Commenting several years ago on the emergence of an H&optic, I wrote in The Humanitarian Enterprise, our summinup as of 2002, that the Projects approach has been inductivrather than theoretical, bringing to bear insights from the socsciences on the vexing challenges facing humanitarian pract


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ers, and committed to improving the functioning of the enter-rise. The array of researchers [associated with the Project]as been so diverse and the conflicts examined so disparatehat, rather than offering a humanitarian world view with pre-criptions for all occasions, the Project seeks to promote rigor-us, independent, and self-critical analysis. In a series of discus-ions at Brown resulting inHumanitarian Action: Social Science

Connections (1997), we identified contributions that academicsan make to improved humanitarian praxis and that practitioners

an make to more focused and human-centered social scienceesearch.

f the Project has been associated with a more reflective ap-roach to humanitarian action on the ground and with the flow-ring of humanitarian studies as an academic discipline, its fif-een year-plus trajectory has also illustrated less encouragingrends in the sector. One is the decreasing availability of re-ources for independent research on humanitarian issues. Aidgencies that readily contributed toward our work in the Ninetiesave more recently pleaded penury or an unwillingness to di-ert funds from operational activities to the processes of reflec-ion and institutional change. As a result, we have been forced

o spend an increasingly disproportionate amount of time andnergy on fund-raising. The monetary buy-in to our work byperational agencies has suffered.

The problem does not reflect any lack of respect generated byur work over the years -- although in one recent instance aunding request was rejected for its perceived overambitiousnessn tackling the impacts of high-profile political agendas on theperational work of aid agencies. More typical is the followingesponse to five months of our cultivation of a major aid donor:Your work is of immediate interest to us, we were told earlierhis year by an organization in the throes of developing a new

olicy statement on humanitarian issues. However, we are inhe process of restructuring the unit and our agenda is such that Iannot take on another contract and meeting obligations for myolleagues and myself. I hope you understand that rather thanunning the risk of providing low-quality input due to resourceonstraints, I prefer to keep watching the process from the side-ines if that is OK with you.

More troubling than the lacking of priority attached to the fund-ng of high-quality independent research is the limited extent to

which reforms have been made in the humanitarian enterprisetself. Despite the gains of the past fifteen years in understand-ng the humanitarian interface with the political, humanitarian

ction of late has not proved as assertive, resourceful, or effec-ive as it should have been. It would be unfair to write the Darfurbcle large as a bellwether for humanitarian sector perform-nce globally since the end of the Cold War. However, myomment in ALNAPs 2005 review assessing the aid agencieswn evaluations of their response to the Darfur situation in003-2005 is surely not too harsh: The evaluations provide aather detailed picture of the belligerents in the Darfur conflict asar more strategic in the manipulation of humanitarian assets

than the humanitarian enterprise has been in its utilization ofthem.

In this sense the Projects work has been framed from start tofinish by the Sudan, from OLS in 1989 through Darfur todayThe Sudan was also my personal point of entry into these issin 1972, when I was posted to Juba by Church World Servicmanage its reconstruction program. Darfur now bookends m

professional experience. There has been during the interveni

years significant progress in the humanitarian sector, to whicthe Project has in its own way contributed. However, the gahave, overall, been modest and mixed. Colin Scotts recent shared with other Project authors captures the troubling paraI wouldnt claim that we (the international system) are any ter at what we attempt but we certainly have a better analysiswhat goes on.

Additional details about the history and activities of the Projare contained in The Humanitarian Enterprise: Dilemmas an

Discoveries (2002), which seeks to identify and examine somof the lessons learned from H&W research and activities. ThProject has also produced a CD Rom containing all of its Oc

sional Papers and excerpts from its commercially publishedbooks. Its articles as well as its books and publications are lon its website at , which will be continas a ready resource. Since its inception, the Project has pub-lished 25 Occasional Papers, 14 books, and a number of majreports. In addition, the Project has contributed to works pulished by others, including the multi-donor Rwanda evaluatiand a number of ALNAP publications and discussions. Projstaff and consultants have participated in numerous internatimeetings, conferences, and study groups over the years.

As of June, two major undertakings remain to be completed

The first is our multi-country review of four issues mentioneabove that are likely to loom large for the humanitarian enterprise during the coming decade: universality, terrorism, coheence, and staff security. Also waiting in the wings is a voluscheduled for publication later in the year by the United NatUniversity Press,Humanitarian Diplomacy: The PractitioneCraft. Edited by Hazel Smith and myself, the book containschapters written by fourteen relief and protection personnel,lyzing their involvement in as many countries.

In conclusion, I would like to express appreciation to the orgzations which have made the work of the Project possible ancolleagues who have made the endeavor so rewarding. For m

the past fifteen years have been something of a personal intetual quest: to understand better the politics of humanitarian ation in all of its variety and richness. I hope that the Project contributed to the definition and maturation of this field andforward to future developments.


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A Look to the Futurey Peter Walker, Director,

Feinstein International Center

Although the Humanitarianism &War project retires in name withLarry, the research, in substancend in style, will continue. In the

overall research agenda for the Cen-er we have identified the changing

nature of policy and practice in thehumanitarian world as one of thehree key areas we will continue toxplore. The present Humanitarian

Agenda 2015 research will con-inue, opening up into more countrytudies and building a strong dis-emination program for its resultshrough 2006 and 2007.

An additional new program for theCenter is the recently inauguratedLarry Minear Internships. This is annnual program named and styled in

Larrys honor, which will offergrants for two interns each year to

arry out field-based research onhumanitarian policy and practice.

Later this year the Center will behiring new faculty with a particularnterest in the policy and practicerea. We will be carrying on theradition of the Policy Dialogues in

Washington and New York, broad-ning their scope to allow others in

our practitioner-research team toresent their work. We hope to ex-

end our reach to Geneva and intoAfrica on occasion.

This Status Report will also con-inue, but, as with the Policy Dia-ogues, will seek to describe abroader picture of the research anddvocacy emanating from the Fein-tein International Center.

Reflections from Colleagues

on the H&W Projectby Thomas G. Weiss, H&W Project

co-founder and Presidential

Professor of Political Science,

The City University of New York

It was never clear who was which

parent in our mom-and-pop H&Wstore from 1990 to 1998. But sincethen, Larry Minear has energeticallyand successfully continued asbread-winner and chief-cook-and-bottle-washer. The internationalhumanitarian enterprise along withthe Refugee Policy Group, BrownUniversity, and Tufts University areall richer for his analytical andmoral presence over the last twodecades.

I first met Larry in 1973 duringpreparations in Rome for the WorldFood Conference. He was raisinghell, in his own low-key way, aspart of the NGO lobby pushing formore generous and appropriate aidand investment to address hungerand agriculture in developing coun-tries, and I was gathering informa-tion for a book on global confer-

ences. Then, as always, he was in-credibly generous with his time andwisdom. He was a beacon and con-tinually demonstrated to me andothers that ethical positions andpublic policy could be and shouldbe woven together.

When he proposed in 1990 that webuild on our small book on Opera-tion Lifeline Sudan, I was delightedto help launch the Humanitarianism

and War Project. There must be abetter way to assist and protect peo-ple, we thought. That convictionhelped us keep the faith in spite ofenormous empirical evidence to thecontrary provided by the alphabetsoup of agencies that we habituallyencountered in every subsequentcrisis.

Lessons-learned versus lessons-spurned became the theme song our years together. That time waproductive and useful, and I chethe memories. Larrys capacity fwork borders on the heroic. It dinot hurt that each of us was vyinfor the Type-A personality of th

year award.

We had our intellectual differenover the desirability and impact outside military forces in war zoand over the right mixture of academic and policy research. We hsome arguments and I nearly alwlost them, but I benefited from thclashes.

We have all learned much from

Larry. As a recycled theologian,insisted on pursuing the crucialquestion that social scientists aresupposedly trained to ask but raranswer: so what? If ever I wadered too far off the H&W resertion with overly grand or glib geeralizations, he would rope me bin: What does that mean for thelorry driver in Bihac? Does threally improve the chances of ge

ting more plastic sheeting to IDPin Guatemala? What utility is for the child protection officer inLiberia? What can a USAID breaucrat do with that recommendtion? He was a doughty appliercommonsensical rigor to fancifuacademic constructs.

There is, he always maintained, more common ground between sible practitioners and scholars t

is commonly assumed. And he rtinely sought to break new grounHe gathered around him practitiners who read and reflected, andscholars who sought to emerge flibrary stacks and confront realproblems. His approach is to be vored and emulated.Larry once reminded me that naturein this case human nature


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bhors a vacuum, and I suspect hehas his sights on horizons outsidehumanitarianism and war. Myhunch is that Larry is not movingnto what we call retirement butather the Spanish term jubi-acin, which has a better ring to

describe his productive and reward-

ng next stage.

y Mary B. Anderson, Director,

CDA Collaborative Learning

Project

For some years, the Humanitarian-sm and War Project has provided alatform and a focus where intellec-ually rigorous inquiry occurs, al-

ways informed and tempered by

moral perceptivity.

t is an institution that is recognizedy humanitarian workers across the

world for its role as pioneer in lay-ng out dimensions of humanitarianrofessionalism. This H&W work

has contributed, in large part, to to-days accepted and institutionalizedocus on humanitarian accountabil-ty. The Humanitarianism and War

Project pioneered, also, the detailedtudy of the institutions, systemsnd structures that surround hu-

manitarian actions. Many of the in-titutional changes within the

United Nations and other interna-ional bodies can be traced in part tohe H&W Projects identification of

gaps and failures within previouslyxisting structures to adequatelyddress both political and moral

humanitarian needs.

From the beginning, the Project haseen inclusive, bringing together

people from different parts of theield to address issues together. The

Projects publication list reflectshis spirit. The great majority ofpublications are co-authored, and aeading of these reveals that this co-uthoring represents much more

than a simple division of labor.What one sees is a genuine collabo-rative thinking process across disci-plines and perspectives that, always,is enriched by the struggles such co-authoring surely entailed!

The Project is what it is largely be-

cause of its directors. Much couldbe said of both Tom Weiss andLarry Minear whose combined ef-forts established the substance andstyle of the effort. Each has broughtspecial qualities that, sometimeseasily and sometimes not so easily,combined into the good work weknow.

However, because the event thatprompts me to think and write about

the Project is Larrys retirement, letme focus here on how his personhis sheer goodnesshas contrib-uted to humanitarianism.

People often ask me how I can keepany sense of optimism given myown focus on disasters and suffer-ing caused by war. One answer tothis question is embodied in LarryMinear, and reflected in his work in

and through the Humanitarianismand War Project. Larrys ability tomaintain humor and compassionwhile employing intellectual acu-men and rigor is endlessly hearten-ing!

Larry keeps our spirits, and ourhopes, up by example and by thestrength of his ideas.

He does not let us get by with piousthinking or apolitical do-goodism.He is perfectly practical and alwaysgrounded. In his own inadvertentlyself-descriptive words, quoted in theBrown Alumni Magazine, February,1996, You can't have a one-size-fits-all approach. You can't para-chute in aid people who haven'tdone their homework in understand-ing the nature of a conflict.

Even after all these years, Larryproaches each circumstance withfull respect for its special dimensions. He does his homework anexpects others to do so. At the satime, he has helped the humanitian enterprise accumulate and le

collective lessons in order to be ter equipped to respond in each situation, and he considers intimknowledge of this cumulative leing also to be essential homeworfor any humanitarian.

So many things make Larry specand these are reflected in the proucts and processes of the H&W ject. But the one that particularlyendears him, and the results of h

work to me, is his ability to maintain freshness and creativity whiconcertedly adding to and buildion the long and productive yearscollective learning. Analytical band caring heart and restless soucombine in this person so that hicontributions to humanitarianismreflect these three dimensions inseamless political savvy and moresponsibility.

H&W Director, Larry Minear


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y Johan Schaar,Special Represen-

ative for the Tsunami Operation,

nternational Federation of Red

Cross and Red Crescent Societies

s there no longer a bed for the nightor the hapless victim of armed con-lict? Does the amnesia of the hu-

manitarian community condemn uso repeat the same mistakes overnd over? Will ruthless belligerentslways outsmart us?

Faced with such bleak descriptionsof the futility of our efforts, whetherhumanitarian practitioners, policy-makers or donors, we have no otheresponse than our persistent reflec-ion, analysis and the shared narra-ive about our experience. Telling

he story, listening to those who

face the dilemmas and find waysforward, there is no other way.Recognizing the unprincipled,sometimes anarchistic behaviour ofhumanitarian donors, and represent-ing one government donor duringthe first years of the new Millen-nium, I found that the analyses pro-

vided through the Humanitarianismand War Project, and the furtherconsolidated synthesis expressed inThe Humanitarian Enterprise byLarry Minear and The Charity ofNations, co-authored with Ian Smil-lie, provided the evidence-basedfoundation from which we couldstart drafting what was to becomethe principles and practice of GoodHumanitarian Donorship. Theproposition was: assistance accord-

ing to need, adequate, predictable

and flexible funding, and enhandonor accountability and learnin

And there is progress. Humanitadonors are now accountable simto development donors throughOECD-DAC peer review procAn expanded CERF will help

crease flexible and predictable fuing. And pooling of funds counter political messaging tomestic and international audiethrough humanitarian means.

We must continue building fromcollective assets our self-reflechas managed to create. AlthoughHumanitarianism and War Procomes to a close, our resistagainst amnesia does not stop.

H&W PUBLICATION SETS

NOW AVAILABLE

In preparation for the closing of the Project, we have offered sets of our publications to aid agencies, governments, re-search groups and universities. In recent weeks these have been shipped to:

Aid agencies such as the IFRC, LWR, CARE, and OCHA;

Colleges and universities in the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Colombia,Liberia, and Angola;

Research groups in Kabul, Maputo, Madrid, London, Bogot, and Brussels; and

The United Nations in New York and Geneva

Interested parties should contact [email protected] with shipping requests and inquiries. We are requesting $50.00 todefray the cost of shipping. We are particularly keen to supply institutions in crisis countries themselves with sets of our

materials.

NGOs are encouraged to consider ordering sets of publications on behalf of colleague agencies. Each shipment also in-cludes a CD Rom of many of the Projects publications. We are hoping to complete most of the shipments by the end ofJune.


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Antonio Donini, Peter Walker, and Larry Minear chairing a Policy Dialogue in October 2003

22000066 PPoolliiccyy DDiiaalloogguueess

Spring Session

The Spring session in the Policy Dialogue series washosted by the International Rescue Committee in NewYork and the American Red Cross in Washington onMay 1-2. The topic: Using Microcredit Programs toSupport the Livelihoods of Refugees in Camps:Lessons from the Alchemy Project.

The Center's Karen Jacobsen presented some of thexperiences of the Alchemy Project, a research programaunched by the Center in 2001 to explore whether

microcredit and other income support interventionsould support the livelihoods of forcibly displaced

people.

The presentation reviewed the economic context ofefugee camps, including the constraints and advan-ages refugees face, and discussed microcredit

programs and the critiques leveled against their use inamps.

The data collected by the Center indicated that partici-pation in microcredit programs boosted household eco-nomic security, increased the capacity and profit levelsof microenterprises, and also increased women partici-pants social standing in the camp communities. Pro-grams also increased the level of business skills in theamp and provided a link to local banks.

Less positive findings were that credit can lead to the

oversupply of similar activities on the market, and thatn some cases, programs that only target women canreate tensions in the community and in the household.

acobsen's presentation was followed by active discus-ion in both sessions, with participants commenting onheir own experience with microcredit programs as

well.

For more details, please feel free to contact her at:[email protected]

Fall Session

Focus group in Afghanistan, February 2006

The Fall session in the series is scheduled for Monda

October 23 at the International Rescue Committee inNew York City and Tuesday, October 24 at the Amecan Red Cross in Washington. The topic of discussiwill be the preliminary conclusions and recommendtions of the Humanitarian Agenda 2015 research. Mparticulars will be provided as the time approaches.

NNeewwCCoooorrddiinnaatteessEffective July 5, 2006 the Center will

move to a new location:

220000BBoossttoonnAAvveennuuee,, SSuuiittee44880000MMeeddffoorrdd,, MMAA 0022115555

Its fax/phone numbers and email addresswill remain the same.

Please also note a change in its name toThe Feinstein International Center


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In Appreciation

We would like to express our gratitude to a number of individuals whose counsel, support, and encouragement have bparticularly important in the evolution and growth of the Humanitarianism and War Project. These include SadruddiAga Khan, Mary Anderson, Gran Bckstrand, John Borton, Fred Cuny, Niels Dabelstein, Michael Edwards, SergioVieira de Mello, Eugene Dewey, Jan Eliasson, Dennis Gallagher, James P. Grant, Valerie Newsom Guarnieri,Henny Helmich, Carolyn Makinson, David Malone, Ron Mathies, Sadako Ogata, Jan Pronk, Hugo Slim,Cornelio Sommaruga, Giles Whitcomb, and Kathryn Wolford. We also wish to thank the following individualsand organizations for their contributions and support:

DONORS

GovernmentsAustraliaCanadaDenmarkFranceIreland

NetherlandsSwedenSwitzerlandUnited KingdomUnited States

Intergovernmental

OrganizationsECHOOCHA/UDHA/UNDROOECDUNDPUNHCRUNICEFUNITARUN Special Emergency

Project for the Horn ofAfrica

UN Staff CollegeUN UniversityUN VolunteersWFPWHO

NGOsAmerican Red CrossCanadian Council for

International CooperationCARE CanadaCARE USACatholic Relief ServicesChurch World ServiceDanish Red Cross SocietyDanish Refugee CouncilFinnish Red Cross SocietyFourth Freedom ForumIcelandic Red Cross SocietyInternational Federation of

the Red Cross and RedCrescent SocietiesInternational Council of

Voluntary AgenciesInternational Orthodox

Christian Charities

International Rescue CommitteeLutheran World FederationLutheran World ReliefMennonite Central Committee CanadaMennonite Central Committee USAMercy Corps International

Norwegian Refugee CouncilOxfam UKOxfam USASave the Children UKSave the Children USASwedish Red Cross SocietyTrcaireWorld Vision Canada

World Vision USA

FoundationsAga Khan Foundation CanadaArias FoundationFord FoundationMacArthur FoundationMcKnight FoundationAndrew W. Mellon FoundationPew Charitable TrustsRockefeller FoundationU.S. Institute of Peace

COLLABORATING

INSTITUTIONSArias Foundation of San Jose, Costa Rica

Fourth Freedom ForumHumanitarian Law Consultancy, The HagueInternational Centre for Conflict andNegotiation, Tbilisi, Georgia

International Human Rights TrustJoan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace

Studies, University of Notre DameLocal Capacities for Peace Project of the

Collaborative for Development ActionUnited Nations UniversityWorld Peace Foundation

CONSULTANTS

AND AUTHORSTabyiegen A. Aboum

Mary AndersonMohammed AyoobSippi Azarbaijani-MoghaddamEdwige BalutanskyEric BelgradJudy Benjamin

Mark BradburyElizabeth BrockKurt CampbellFred CateJoel CharneyU.B.P. ChelliahEshetu CholeJarat ChopraJeffrey ClarkRoberta CohenCindy CollinsDavid Cortright

Neta CrawfordJeff Crisp

Frederick CunyJaleh Dashti-GibsonHedwig DeconickFrancis DengJulie DevinAntonio DoniniMichael W. DoyleCristina Eguizabalge EknesJacques FomerandMark FrohardtDennis GallagherEdward GirardetIain GuestPhilippe GuillotJohn Hammock

Greg HansenEric HoskinsDon HubertMasood HyderJames IngramEphraim IsaacJames O. C. JonahErika JoergensenKaren KennyRandolph C. KentDavid LewisSteven LivingstonGeorge LopezStephen LubkemannS. Neil Macfarlane

John MackinlayJoanna MacraeRobert MaguireKoste ManibeJulie MertusAbdul Mohammaed

David MortonNicholas MorrisTasneem MowjeeAndrew NatsiosSamantha NuttFunmi OlonisakinOmawale OmawaleWilliam G. O'NeillAmir PasicDiane PaulToni PfannerKarina PurushotmaAndr RoberfroidJames Ron

Lionel RosenblattRobert RotbergColin ScottJennefer SebstadRobert SeelyJohn ShattuckStephen ShenfieldPeter ShirasIan SmillieGayle E. SmithPeter SollisMarc SommersElizabeth StitesAkaya SuzukiTed van BaardaKarin van Hippel

Michel VeutheyJulie WaglerBrian WalkerThomas G. WeissGiles WhitcombAnthony WelchWijewardaneSarah ZaidiXavier Zeebroek

PROJECT STAFFEstrella AlvesAndy BlackadarJennifer GattoMargareta Levitsky

Sarah E. LumSuzanne MillerJudy OmburaJohn PattenLaura SadovnikoffKevin Von See Dahl

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