LITERARY

ART

I. DEFINITION:

Literature Latin littera; letter the art of written works

Literary translated: “acquaintance with

letters” [“as in the “arts and

letters”]

Literature in its widest sense:

Embraces all compositions in writing or print which preserve the *results of observation, *thought, or *fancy; but those upon the positive sciences are usually excluded.

English Literature

Philippine Literature

American Literature

German Literature

EVERY RACE HAS ITS OWN LITERATURE

For example

II.LITERARY GENRE:

a genre is a type; it is a category of literary composition

may be determined by: literary technique Tone Content Length

• novel •short story •novella

•novelette

Fiction

• essay •editorial• news story •feature story

Non Fiction

• verse •narrative poetry

• epic poetry •free verse

Poetry

• classical tragedy

•comedy

Drama

BASIC TYPES OF LITERATURE

Short Story

• -usually written in prose, often in narrative format

• Common length: 3,500-7,500 words

• -usually focuses on one incident, has a single plot, a single setting, a small number and covers a short period of time

• one should be able to read it in one sitting

• EDGAR ALLAN POE-considered the father of the short story

Novelette

• -a narrative fictional prose

• Common length: 7,500-17,500 words

• EXAMPLE:• “Moon Six”

by Stephen Baxter

Novella

•Is a narrative work of prose fiction somewhat longer than a short story but shorter than a novel.•Common length: 50-100 pages/ 17,000-40,000 words•A short form novel•EXAMPLE:• “Finding Cinderella”

Novel

• A fictitious prose narrative of considerable length and complexity, portraying characters and usually presenting a sequential organization of action and scenes

• Common length: 40,000+ Words

• Involves multiple major characters, sub-plots, conflicts and twists

• EXAMPLES:• “The Lord of

the Rings”• “Harry Potter”• “The

Notebook”

FICTION

Created from the imagination, not presented as fact, though it may be based on true

story or situation

Latin: ficti o “the act of making, fashioning, molding”

FORMS OF SHORT STORY

-Functioned as a sort of parable, a brief realistic narrative that embodies a point- Short story about an interesting or funny event or occurence

Anecdote

- A succinct story, with deeper meaning used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson AESOPearliest known writer (Aesop’s Fables)

Parable

-a succinct story, in prose or verse, that features animals, mythical creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature are anthromorphized and illustrates a moral lesson

Fable

NON FICTION this presentation may be accurate or not; that is it can give either true or a false account of the subject in question

Is an account, narrative, or representation of a subject which an author presents as fact

Travel books

User manua

ls

textbooks

photographs

essays Scientific papers

Biographies

blueprints

documen-

taries

histories

journals

Technical

documenta-tion

diagrams

Some journalis

mhistori

es

The term “essays” first applied to the self-reflective musings of Michael de Montaigne

Has the reputation to be the “Father” of this

literary form

The MEMOIR telling the story of an author’s life from the

author’s personal point of view

The EPISTLE Usually a formal, didactic, or elegant letter

Genres related to essay may include:

POETRY

Rely heavily on imagery, precise word choice, and metaphor

Is composition written in verse

May take the form of measures consisting of patterns of stresses (metric feet) or of patterns of different-length syllables

means “a little sound or song”14-line poem with a variable rhyme scheme originating in Italy

Sonnet

has five lineswith a rhyme scheme of AABBAline lengths of 3,3,2,2,3 stressed syllables.less relevant towards nature

Limerick-traditional Haiku written in Japanese: relate to naturecontain onji (syllables)distributed over three lines in groups of five, seven, and fiveshould also have kigo- indicating a season

Haiku

Specific Forms:

Masterpieces

DRAMA

-comes from the Greek word meaning “action” (Classical Greek: drama ) which is derived

from “to do” (Classical Greek: drao)

-the specific mode of fiction represented in performance

Early modern Tragedy

Classical Athenian tragedy

-Greek: k o m o id i a

-Any humorous discourse generally intended to amuse, esp. in television, film, and stand up comedy

Comedy

--Ancient Greek: trag o idia,“he-goat-song

-based on human suffering

Tragedy

FORMS OF DRAMA

Contains variations on the elements of :

Surprise Incongruity Conflict Repetitiveness Effect of opposite

expectations

III.ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE:

ELEMENTS

CharacterSetting

Conflict

Theme

StructureForeshadowin

g

Diction

Point of View

Plot

A. Elements of Fiction and Drama

1. Plot Serial arrangement of

incidents, ideas or events. In LITERATURE, it compasses

all incidents and provides aesthetic pleasure

ESSENTIAL PARTS OF DRAMA:

a. Exposition - the introductory

material which gives the setting, creates the tone, presents the characters, and presents other facts necessary to understanding the story

b. Foreshadowing - the use of hints

and clues to suggest what will happen later in the story

c. Inciting Force - the event or

character that triggers the conflict

d. Conflict - the essence of

fiction. It creates plot

Four kinds:

Man versus - - -

Man, Nature, Society, or Self

e. Rising Action -a series of events

that builds from the conflict.

Begins from the inciting force and ends with the climax

f. Crisis -the conflict reaches a

turning point. At this point the opposing force in the story meet and conflict becomes most intense.

The crisis occurs before or at the same time as the climax

g. Climax -the result of the

crisis Is the high point of

the story for the reader

h. Falling Action -the events after

the climax which close the story

i. Resolution (Denouement) -Rounds out and

concludes the action

January 16, 2014

Prepared by: JM Pob

HUM 12:00-1:30 pm [T-Th]