Hunger in Missouri Communities

Nikki Raedeke, PhD, RD, LDUniversity of Missouri

Missouri Council for Activity & NutritionApril 26, 2012

What is Food Security?

Access by all people, at all times, to sufficient food for an active healthy life

-ready availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods-ability to acquire foods in socially acceptable ways

Anderson, S. J Nutr. 1990

Definitions

• Food Secure: Access, at all times, to enough food for an active, healthy life for all household members

• Food Insecure: Uncertain of having, or unable to acquire, enough food to meet the needs of all household members because of insufficient money or other resources for food

ERS, USDA, 2005

Food Insecurity =low food security + very low food

security

How is Food Security Measured?

Conceptual Model of Food Insecurity

Alaimo, Food Security in the United States: an overview, Top Clin Nutr, 2005

Food Insecure among US Households, 2003-2010

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

Very Low Food SecurityLow Food Security

1,00

0

Coleman-Jensen, et al., Household Food Security in the United States, 2010.

Comparison of Food Security in the U.S. and in Missouri

84.2%

9.2%

6.6%

Food Secure HouseholdsHouseholds with low food securityHouseholds with very low food security

U.S. Households, 2010 Missouri Households, 2008-2010

Data: ERS

Prevalence of HH Food Insecurity in Missouri

1996-1998 2004-2006 2007-2009 2008-20100

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Very Low Food SecurityLow Food Security

Perc

ent

Coleman-Jensen et al., Household Food Security in the United States, 2010.

Prevalence of food insecurity, average 2008-10

Household Food Security

23.9%

36.7%

39.4%

Food Secure HouseholdsHouseholds with low food securityHouseholds with very low food security

Missouri Food Pantry User Households

Source: Rikoon, et al. Missouri Food Pantry Survey, 2010.

Interdisciplinary Center for Food Security University of Missouri

Jordan Dawdy Matt Foulkes Colleen Heflin Joan Hermsen Jill Lucht Nikki Raedeke Sandy Rikoon

Hunger Atlas

2010

Goals of the Hunger Atlas• Create measure for Food Uncertain/Hunger

“Need”• Create measure for Food Uncertain/Hunger

“Performance”• Identify county trends and assign rankings for need

and performance• Illustrate patterns of need and performance

through maps• Create useful tool for citizens, agencies,

communities and policymakers

MU Interdisciplinary Center for Food Security, April 26, 2012

Data Collection

• Food Programs– MO Dept of Health and Senior Services– Mo Dept of Social Services– MO Dept of Elementary and Secondary Education

• Regional Food Banks of Missouri• Modeling and creation of measures

MU Interdisciplinary Center for Food Security, April 26, 2012

The Missouri Hunger Atlas can be found at

www.missourifamilies.org/mohungeratlas

MU Interdisciplinary Center for Food Security, April 26, 2012

High Need

Low Need

High Performance

Low Performance

High need Low need

High performance Barton, Bates, Benton, Bollinger, Butler, Carter, Cedar, Dent, Douglas,Dunklin, Iron, Knox, Mississippi,New Madrid, Oregon, Ozark,Randolph, Reynolds, Ripley, Scott,St. Clair, Stoddard, Washington, Wayne, Wright Counties, and St. Louis City

Andrew, Buchanan, Cass, Harrison, Lewis, Lincoln, Mercer, Ray, and Warren Counties

Low performance Adair, Audrain, Dallas, Jasper, Laclede, Lawrence, Madison, McDonald, Newton, Scotland, Shannon, Texas, Vernon, andWebster Counties

Boone, Cape Girardeau, Christian, Clark, Clay, Clinton, DeKalb, Franklin, Gentry, Greene, Holt, Howard, Jefferson, Livingston, Moniteau, Monroe, OsagePerry, Pike, Platte, Pulaski, Ralls, St. Charles, St. Louis, and Worth Counties.

MU Interdisciplinary Center for Food Security, April 26, 2012

A Food Systems Approach to Addressing Obesity among Food

Pantry Clients in Missouri

Funding: Agriculture and Food Research Initiative, USDA

The Research Team

• Principle Investigator• Dr. Sandy Rikoon, Rural

Sociology• Co-Investigators• Dr. Matt Foulkes,

Geography• Dr. Colleen Heflin, Public

Affairs Administration• Dr. Joan Hermsen,

Sociology• Dr. Nikki Raedeke,

Nutrition & Exercise Physiology

Registered Dietitian• Jennifer Schnell, MS, RD, LDCommunity Development Specialist• Bill McKelvey, MSInterviewers• Kate Allhoff• Jordan Dawdy, PhD student• Michelle Kaiser, MSW, PhD candidate• Edwina King• Kara Lappin• Anna Lorenz• Jill Lucht, MS• Whitney MiddletonIntervention• Ashley Vancil• Adee Levinstein

The Food Bank of Central and NE Missouri and the food pantries