hunger in the world. world hunger o world hunger is the want or scarcity of food in a country. o...
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HUNGER IN T
HE WORLD
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WORLD HUNGER
o World hunger is the want or scarcity of food in a country.
o People of the world that are hungry are both malnourished and undernourished.
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PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION (PEM)
o Most prominent type of malnutritiono Food is converted into energy by humans
and the energy contained in food is measured by calories
o Protein is necessary for key body functions including essential amino acids and development and maintenance of muscles.
o Most lethal form of malnutrition/hunger and is referred to when world hunger is discussed.
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THERE ARE 7 BILLION PEOPLE IN THE WORLD
o 870 million (1 in 8) suffered from chronic undernourishment in 2010-2012
o 852 million (almost all hungry people) live in developing countries
o 16 million people are undernourished in developed countries
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AREAS THAT HAVE DECREASED THE NUMBER OF UNDERNOURISHED PEOPLE
o Asia and the Pacific
o Latin America
o Caribbean
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AREAS THAT HAVE INCREASED THE NUMBER OF UNDERNOURISHED PEOPLE
o Africa – the number grew from 175 million to 239 million
o Nearly 1 in 4 are hungry
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CHILDREN AND HUNGER
o Children who are poorly nourished suffer up to 160 days of illness a year
o Poor nutrition plays a role in half of the 10.9 million child deaths each year (5 million deaths)
o Under-nutrition magnifies the effect of every disease including measles and malaria.
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CHILDREN, DISEASE, AND MALNUTRITION
o Malnutrition affects 32.5% of children in developing countries.
o Malnutrition can be caused by diseases. o The diseases that cause diarrhea reduce
the body’s ability to convert food into usable nutrients.
o 70% of malnourished children live in Asiao 26% live in Africao 4% live in Latin America and the Caribbean
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MICRONUTRIENT MALNUTRITION
o Micronutrients refer to vitamins and minerals that are important for health.
o 1 out of 3 people in developing countries are affected by vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
o Three most important vitamins/minerals when it comes to healthoVitamin AoIronoIodine
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MICRONUTRIENT: VITAMIN A
o Vitamin deficiency can causeoNight blindnessoReduces body’s resistance to disease
o In children, it can cause problems with growth.
o Between 100 – 140 million children are vitamin A deficient.
o Between 250,000 – 500,000 vitamin A deficient children become blind every year. – half die within 12 months of losing their sight.
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MICRONUTRIENT: IRON
o Iron deficiency is a principal cause of anemiao 2 billion people are anemic due to iron
deficiency and in developing countries malaria and worm infections are the leading causes of iron drainage from one’s system.
o Health consequences for childrenoPremature birth, low birth weight, infections, elevated risk of death, physical and cognitive impairments
o Health consequences for pregnant womenoMaternal deaths (death while pregnant)
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MICRONUTRIENT: IODINE
o Iodine deficiency disorders jeopardize children’s mental health.
o Serious iodine deficiency during pregnancy may result in stillbirths and congenital abnormalities such as cognitive impairments. (Africa and Asia)
o Iodine deficiency disorders affect over 740 million people or 13% of the world’s population.
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MALNUTRITION AND PREGNANCY
o Under-nutrition among pregnant women in developing countries leads to 1 out of 6 infants born with low birth weight
o This is a risk factor in neonatal death (baby dies within first 28 days of life).
o Under-nutrition and low birth weight can cause
oLearning difficulties oCognitive impairmentsoPoor heathoPremature death
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CAUSES OF HUNGER
o Povertyo Harmful economic/gov’t systemso Hungero Conflicto Climate change
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CAUSES OF HUNGER: POVERTY
o Causes of povertyoLack of resourcesoExtremely unequal income distribution in the world
o People in developing countries live on $1.25 a day
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POVERTY
P R O G R E S S I N P O V E R T Y
o Asia
o East Asia
o China
B A C K T R A C K I N G
o Sub-Saharan Africa
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CAUSES OF HUNGER: HARMFUL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
o Harmful economic and political systems are the underlying principle of hunger.
o These systems have control over resources and income based on military, political and economic power.
o Power is in the hands of the minority who live well.
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CAUSES OF HUNGER: CONFLICT
o Violence causes people to become refugees.
o There are approximately 26 million refugees worldwide.
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CAUSES OF HUNGER: HUNGER
o Poor health, low levels of energy, and mental impairment can lead to even greater poverty by reducing people’s ability to work and learn, thus leading to even greater hunger.
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CAUSES OF HUNGER: CLIMATE CHANGE
o A shift in crops and farming practices are caused by
oIncreasing drought
oFlooding
oChange of climate patterns
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STATISTICS
o The number of undernourished people in developing countries was 824 million in 1990-1992 and it rose to 870 million in 2010-2012.
o In 1990-1992 the number of undernourished people worldwide was 1 billion. That number decreased to 870 million between 2010-2012.
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FOOD SUPPLY
o There is enough food produced in the world to supply everyone in it with at least 2, 720 calories per person per day.
o Problem: Many people don’t have sufficient land to grow, or income to purchase enough food.
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REFERENCES
2013 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics
http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm#Number_of_hungry_people_in_the_world