hunger is both physiological and psychological
DESCRIPTION
Physiology of Hunger Washburn’s studies showed hunger was partially related to the stomach. But those with their stomachs removed still feel hunger.TRANSCRIPT
Hunger is both physiological and psychological.
Motivation of Hunger Hunger is both physiological and
psychological. Physiology of Hunger Washburns studies showed hunger
was partially related to the stomach. But those with their stomachs
removed still feel hunger. The Brain In the 1960s it was discovered
that hunger comes from..
The Hypothalamus The Hypothalamus & Hunger
Along the sides of the hypothalamus is the lateral hypothalamus:
which brings on hunger. Stimulate the lateral hypothalamus and even
a well fed animal will begin to eat. Lesion the lateral
hypothalamus and a starving animal will have no interest in food.
The Hypothalamus and Hunger
Along the lower middle section of the hypothalamus is the
ventromedial hypothalamus: which depresses hunger. Stimulate the
ventromedial hypothalamus and the animal will stop eating Lesion
the ventromedial hypothalamus the animal will continuously want to
eat. How does the hypothalamus work? Set Point Theory
Hypothalamus acts like a thermostat. It wants to maintain a stable
weight When we fall below that weight the lateral hypothalamus =
activated, increasing hunger and decrease energy expenditure (Basic
Metabolic Rate). When we go above that weight the ventromedial
hypothalamus= activated, decreasing hunger FYI: Heredity & body
type influence set point Sexual Motivation Kinseys Studies
Confidential interviews with 18,000 people (in early 1950s). Sexual
Behavior in the Human Maleand Sexual Behavior in the Human Female
Scale of sexuality.0 to 6 where 0 is exclusively heterosexual and 6
homosexual and 7 is asexual. The Physiology of Sex Masters and
Johnson (1966):
382 female volunteers, 312 male volunteers agreed to participate in
a study in which they were observed in a laboratory setting during
masturbation and sexual intercourse. Their results were used to
gather information about the human sexual response cycle Preview
Question 6: What stages mark the human sexual response cycle? The
Sexual Response Cycle (Four Stages)
Results of M & J Study The Sexual Response Cycle (Four Stages)
Excitement Phase: genitals become engorged in blood (men and women)
and women will lubricate. Plateau Phase: excitement peaks,
breathing, pulse increases, tip of penis may exhibit seminal fluid,
clitoris retracts- orgasm feels imminent. Results of M & J
Study (Continued)
Orgasm: muscle contractions all over the body, womens contractions
actually help propel sperm and position uterus to increase chances
of conception.Man and woman only aware of rhythmic genital
contractions. Resolution Phase: everything slows down and men enter
a refractory period (which can last from minutes to over a day)
where he is incapable of another orgasm. Sexual Orientation An
enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own
gender or the other gender. How is Sexual Orientation
Determined
The Facts: There has been NO evidence that sexuality is socially
determined. Kids raised by gay parents are no more likely to be gay
that if they were raised by hetero parents. Thus it is likely
biologically determined. The Brain Simon LeVay Discovered that
there is a cluster of cells in the hypothalamus that is larger in
heterosexual men than in homosexual men. Genetics Statistically
speaking:If one identical twin is homosexual, the other twin has
about a 50% chance of being gay (about 20% for fraternal twins).
Prenatal Environment Current research seems to point to the
hormonal levels in the prenatal environment. We have been able to
create lesbian sheep!!! Achievement Motivation
A desire for significant accomplishments; for mastery of things,
people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard. Achievement
Motivation
Motivation to achieve differs from person to person. People with a
high need to achieve tend to: choose tasks that allow for success,
yet still require skill and effort, and keep persisting until
success is achieved. Einstein, michael phelps, obama Achievement
Motivation
Intrinsic Motivators Extrinsic Motivators Rewards we get
internally, such as enjoyment or satisfaction. More effective long
term. Reward that we get for accomplishments from outside ourselves
(grades or money or etc..) Work well in the short run. Management
Theory Management/Teaching styles relate closely to
Intrinsic/Extrinsic Motivators.
Theory X Theory Y Managers believe that employees will work only if
rewarded with benefits or threatened with punishment. Think
employees are Extrinsically Motivated. Only interested in Maslows
lower needs. Managers believe that employees are internally
motivated to do good work and policies should encourage this
internal motive. Interested in Maslows higher needs. When Motives
Conflict Sometimes what you want to do in a situation is clear to
you. But at other times you no doubt find yourself conflicted about
what choice to make. Psychologists discuss four types of
motivational conflicts: Approach-Approach conflict
Avoidance-Avoidance conflict Approach-Avoidance conflict Multiple
Approach-Avoidance conflicts Motivational Conflict
Approach-Approach: Occurs when you must choose between two
desirable outcomes Avoidance-Avoidance : Occurs when you must
choose between two unattractive outcomes. Motivational
Conflict
Approach-Avoidance: Exists when ONE event or goal has both
attractive and unattractive features. Multiple Approach-Avoidance:
Here you must choose between two or more things, each of which has
both desirable and undesirable features.