hunter-gatherer societies mentawai of indonesia early farmers iroquois village in ontario early...
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HISTORY OF AGRICULTRE
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Hunter-Gatherer Societies
• Mentawai of Indonesia
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Early Farmers
Iroquois Village in OntarioEarly crops included corn, squash, and beans
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Start of Agriculture
• Estimated at 10, 000 years ago
• Fertile Crescent of Middle East– Earliest planned
harvesting and sowing of gathered plants
– Thought to have developed to make up for lack of game
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Mayan Agriculture
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TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE– MACHINERY –
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Grain Binder
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Early Harvesters
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Early Combines/Threshing Machines
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Newer Models
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GPS / Autosteer
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TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE- INCREASED SIZE –
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TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE- SOIL MANAGEMENT –
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Cultivated Fields
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Zero-till/No-till
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TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE- PESTICIDES –
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TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE- FERTILIZERS –
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Synthetic Fertilizers
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Trends in AgricultureTRENDS IN AGRICULTURE- BIOTECHNOLOGY –
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Benefits of Agricultural Trends• Machinery
– Reduced manual labour– Allows for increased farm size/number of animals
• Increased number of plants/animals – More food to feed the world– Food is produced more efficiently (less manual labour for a greater return)
• Soil Conservation– No-till conserves soil moisture and topsoil– Impact of soil erosion is lessened
• Pesticides– Regulated according to higher standards– Allow for more selective killing of pests– Less food lost to fungi/insect/weed pests– Public education has improved
• Fertilizers– Increased crop yields
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Negative Impacts of Agriculture Trends
• Machinery- Increased pollution from machinery emissions- Increased cost of equipment
• Number of plants/animals– Less care is taken of animals; look for quick ways to kill; animals are farmed like any
other commodity– Increasing land use results in a decrease of natural habitat (native plants and
animals) and decreased biodiversity • Soil Conservation
– Less cultivation means more reliance on pesticides to control weeds• Pesticides
– Used more regularly– Some uncertainty regarding long-term impacts
• Fertilizers– Run-off and eutrophication of water sources
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Eutrophication of Water Sources