HVAC Strategies for Air Management,

Rooftop Efficiency and Energy

Savings

E360 Forum • Houston, TX • October 25, 2018

Will Nicely

Director — Air Management

Emerson

Danny Miller

President

Transformative Wave

Megatrends and Regulations Drive Change and

Opportunity in Commercial Buildings and Equipment

4.5MILLION

BUILDINGS WITH AC

1.6MILLION

NEW AC UNITS/YEAR

10MILLION

RTU INSTALLED BASE

<15PERCENTBMS PENETRATION

Building Statistics

• Kigali Amendment global adoption

• CARB, Canada, EU F-Gas

• Codes for A2L refrigerants

Key Regulations and Enablers

• DOE rooftop standards 2018 / 2023

• Increased focus on lifecycle cost

• Rebates and incentives

• Attention to comfort – DOAS growth

• Ventilation standards ASHRAE 62.1

• Balancing IAQ and energy efficiency

• IoT and cloud enablers

• Connectivity and intuitive controls

• Sensor technology

Efficiency

Comfort

and Health

Connectivity

Refrigerants

Megatrends

2

11.4 11.2

10.1

12.912.4

11.6

14.814.2

13.2

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

6-10 Ton 11-20 Ton 21-63 Ton

2023 DOE Rooftop Minimums Will Drive Major

Equipment Re-designs and New Tiers

3

The nearly 30% increase in efficiency in less than five years requires new solutions.

Note: ASHRAE 90.1 also has an EER component not shown here.

Note: Electric resistance values, subtract 0.2 EER/IEER for all other equipment.

National IEER Minimums, by Tonnage

Efficiency

>2018

2018

2023

>2018

2018

2023

>2018

2018

2023

30% 27% 31%• Energy efficiency increases and

refrigerant changes leading to

redesigns

• Move from full load to part load

requirements: EER → IEER

• Solutions require whole-system

improvements

– Moving beyond single-component

and compressor improvements

2014 2016 2020

Fast-Growing VRF Segment

Commercial Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF)

Growing Fast in North America

4

VRF addresses some of the efficiency challenges, but has drawbacks:

poor humidity control and requires rooftops to meet outside air requirements

Large North America HVAC Market$6.5 B

Applied

30%

Unitary

49%

Ductless

Mini-Splits

12%

VRF

9%

$390M

$550M

$800M

Source: 2017 Investor &

Analyst Day — Ingersoll Rand

16%+

CAGR

16%+

CAGR

Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality Moving From Guidance to Code

5

Enforcement of ASHRAE 62.1 and emphasis on air quality are driving new solutions.

• State adoption of ASHRAE 62.1 – 2004 (and newer versions) is high

– 44 states have adopted ASHRAE 62.1 – 2004 (or newer)

through the International Mechanical Code (IMC)

CFM / Person CFM / ft2

Classroom 10 0.12

Kitchen 7.5 0.12

Office 5 0.06

Supermarket 7.5 0.06

ASHRAE 62.1, Table 6-1

Dedicated Outside Air Systems (DOAS) Architecture

Decoupling Latent and Sensible Load

6

New architecture driving toward decoupling sensible and latent loads;

drives the need for efficient rooftop solutions that primarily dehumidify

Commercial RooftopCurrent Architecture1. Conventional HVAC system focus

on sensible load

2. Dedicated DOAS systems to handle fresh air requirement and latentload (moisture removal)

3. Traditional variable airflow requires 20% of traditional outside air to meet multiple space equation

4. First-cost savings driven by smaller components

Before: 10 - Rooftop Units

10 Tons Each

100 Tons Total

After: 2–10 Ton New DOAS

7–~7 Ton Old Units

69 Tons Total

DOAS Units

Smaller or Fewer RTUs

DOAS-Based Commercial RooftopNew Architecture

Dehumidification Segment Presents Attractive Growth

7

Traditional mechanical cooling and solid desiccant wheels dominate the DOAS space.

However, new technologies are emerging.

DOAS Units

$660 $500

$102 Projected $1.3B by 2022

(~Twice Market Growth Rate)

89%77%

11%

8%

15%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2015 2022

Refrigerant Compression

Solid Desiccant

Other Desiccant

Market by Technology

Global Market Segment

Growth of DOAS Architecture Leading to Innovative TechnologiesMembrane-based Liquid Desiccant

8

Providing low dew point and room-neutral air at 25%+ energy savings

Single-step cooling and dehumidification

• Direct cool/dehumidify

• No need to overcool

• No need for reheat

• Saves > 25% energy over wheels

• Saves > 50% energy over mechanical cooling

Factors

• Human health

• Productivity

• Reliance on HVAC mechanical systems for fresh air

• Energy impact of treating outside air

• Supporting proper operation at an enterprise level

The “Catch-22” of Outside Air in Retail Operations

Danny Miller, President

Transformative Wave

Outside Air: Friend or Foe?

POSITIVES NEGATIVES

• Vital to human health

• Improves productivity

• It can have positive sensible BTU value

• It can have positive latent BTU value

10

• It can have negative sensible BTU value

– Results in energy penalty to heat or cool

• It can have positive latent BTU value

– Results in energy penalty to dehumidify

Health Impacts From Inadequate Ventilation

“Poor indoor air quality (IAQ) has been tied

to symptoms like headaches, fatigue,

trouble concentrating, and irritation of the

eyes, nose, throat and lungs. Also, some

specific diseases have been linked to

specific air contaminants or indoor

environments, like asthma with damp

indoor environments. In addition, some

exposures, such as asbestos and radon, do

not cause immediate symptoms but can

lead to cancer after many years.”

11

Impact on Worker Productivity

A Harvard study found that

cognitive performance scores

for participants who worked in

well-ventilated workspaces were,

on average, double those of

participants who worked in

conventional environments;

scores for those working in green

environments were 61% higher.

12

Outside Air Management Is an

Unavoidable Fact of Life

Building Ventilation Standards All Agree That the Source of

Outside Air Is via Mechanical Air Handling Systems

“Natural ventilation” is not a

practical option.

RTUs remain most common

system in retail facilities.

Dedicated OSA systems

(DOAS) are on the rise.

Fans should run continuously.

14

The High Cost of Over-ventilation

Existing ventilation rate per ASHRAE design

• 0.3 CFM x 150,000 sq. ft. = 45,000 CFM of outside air

• 28% of total system capacity

• Controlled by Trane EMS with authority over economizer

damper positions

Real example:• 150,000 sq. ft. retail space (electronics retailer)

• Total HVAC system air handling capacity = 160,000 CFM

• Ventilation designed for 0.3 CFM per sq. ft.

CO2-based DCV strategy via CATALYST retrofit

• 5% of total CFM capacity = 8,000 CFM

• Reduction in OSA to be heated or cooled = 37,000 CFM

15

16

Demand Control Ventilation Upgrade can reduce excess outside air by 82% in this example

Cost savings of $0.50 per CFM = $18,500 per year

in Duluth, Minn. – mainly natural gas cost

Savings of $4,600 in mild Seattle

The Catalyst Arc Technology

Retrofit Upgrades for Existing HVAC Systems to Improve Efficiency and Air Management

The CATALYST transforms HVAC assets into smart machines delivering

intelligent solutions for RTUs that give you greater control to extend the

benefits of your current investments even further.

Reduces Overall HVAC Energy Use 25–50%

Variable Speed Drive: The Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)

provides savings through supply fan control.

Advanced Economizer Control: Reduces the compressor

runtime to improve efficiency and reduce wear and tear.

CO2-based Demand Control Ventilation: Makes the most of the

available outside air for cooling while ensuring proper ventilation.

Multiple New Sensors and Data Points: Maintain comfort levels

and indoor air quality.

Qualifies for Incentives: Widespread support of ARC

technology enables financial incentives to reduce capital cost.

17

Supermarket Example in Hawaii – Retrofit of Existing RTUs

18

Inherent De-humidification Performance Advantage

For a full treatment of this issue, see Transformative Wave’s white paper in Energy Manager Today:

“ Improve Occupant Comfort & Reduce Energy Costs Through Humidity Control”

https://www.environmentalleader.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/5-58250_WHITEPAPER_Improve_Occupant_Comfort_by_Transformative_Wave-4.pdf

ESM = CATALYST

operation

non-ESM =

baseline operation

1919

Factors

• Service deficiencies

• Deferred maintenance

• Uneducated service techs

• Improper setpoints

• Complexity compounds the problem

• Failure of BMS to exploit onboard FDD

Operational Issues

Undermine Proper

OSA Management

An Actual Supermarket Deficiency Report

21

“Its What You Don’t Know

That’s Hurting You”

The Value of Fault Detection Cannot Be Understated!If Operators Knew, They Would Do Something About It.

23

If you have lots of assets, you have a lot of

potential problems. Great enterprise tools

are now available, and outsourcing this

can be very economical.

“ITS WHAT YOU DON’T KNOW THAT’S

HURTING YOU”

25

Questions?

DISCLAIMER

Although all statements and information contained herein are believed to be accurate and reliable, they are presented without guarantee or warranty of any kind, expressed or

implied. Information provided herein does not relieve the user from the responsibility of carrying out its own tests and experiments, and the user assumes all risks and liability for

use of the information and results obtained. Statements or suggestions concerning the use of materials and processes are made without representation or warranty that any such

use is free of patent infringement and are not recommendations to infringe on any patents. The user should not assume that all toxicity data and safety measures are indicated

herein or that other measures may not be required.

Thank You!

26