hvdc unit 3 version 1

yvE(. 'l xrt'rtrnS{ unti\\1: "1. r rrvi OL trl'll\aiVnrr -3

E^.I,: "--t:------ (cas b-cos P){'b.re P:6+)'

Compourrding and ReSullig1t.'",.^.rXIi.

,ti ',

,0" (ar) r+ti(") toe) (a.7) 'orr rsr) (106) (r0tr (106)

r. lr.' : siilcot(q'r3rion(t')':l- ':;.,'"i;;u

,.'i,l.jl,,, t., ii:o 'crDrrrri

r: "

oct:]..", .. ,. Ttus a rc!rifier retrLll'-" '"-,":,,:", , ,rrr.i:L r,, lr..i: {:rh il-c ,1 !.:LtcJ"....: .*,!s e rc.rifier ret,L:ro' ' '::i.,;;;.,,,1.,, *,r,..;, {:rh il-c,...r.:LrcJ

.,io*.,=" ""0 currcnt'

compatJ\ i1",|ir.,, r *,-r..:d.:! eir i).::r,rr lor rn) cr:.rcncrL\ollrSra;ldcurrcnt'compat:s.rir,i'ii",,ja,,..,A..,airi).::f,rrlotintdilrcnccfroa iie i:h:-hand sideo[cquailolr.(r'-r ^ -,.-."-.r :frin., d(tKc qlic]. csn ;l::-r'

i:urliicrlloic,achanl:inlh.pc1\j:i1r?nsnliiicdi;laccordencl.'r'itjrl]icrcqil'(l]1.11t.o|,i,. i""""'i"a u"t"* tl also nrccisary' lf rhe rcccivinl systr:r!1 ii' la*: comDrrlt'l "iih lh'j,i.. l"i,,ri jc. Iinl: nay only ha'e tc tecd cotslrut pon.crl illhr dc linkiilh':r'ri1.or,,"" o, ,"t..., it rrel irarc lo czrt! oul th' l'i\''r legui?l"iQlt ir1 e/!rditoc' \ 1i! itrll:ir '..rir. i |^nIJ

i.3 lnf(nor(onrFounding'l'hc time, ot angle cfadvanae, reqi::ired by thc in\'ertoi is gi..n b! thr equalioi :

CItAPTEIi 5

-. il.e;:h:-hand side ol cquauu'.\''.'J

,' J.:..-sr.,frirl ,lttrcc *1ic). csn ;l::-r'ir-,.i,,,". rrli, oulput \"ill l'':9"i1:"^,: t^,,, ,, ..,.,rir, :r(:.d! s,rrc i. ftici,^Je.il.lh.i\io. Thisofliutrlfi.::-::'*H;;..ifii,,",,riri,'*a,,--ii"teiir..aaiieo

,r..- , -"r- ;n 7.cordaflc4 \'lljl lilc (llrr!

ui?i-it"a;",i"t is satisficd -.r .rh!< ii theo,u. rhc .^'Lole i]'sic,'. can b{111$,,f.1r.a ecu;l, u,rr)J-.,-.-- :rt. .lhus, :r r1...,ry.

.lhe iL.-.ici cz,i be rimilarl)' uLrrt']il-.", ..t,"." .. .., power regula:io* a;

.""itfl*?tlLi"ilnt' to-nu'n' .Jollass or cc:isrliir'

t : .[.qxi::e: iqulation

!i k ihl:r:1anl that tl

Eachvalvemuststantolireatananglepinadr'ancco[th\.ollagczcro!olilatlterc'5,,lil" u""'"-A temaining afl:r the compietion oi commutatron- Ani - r i:!s Io \e:liJ',;;i:; a-' ttt" ario"i.,rlon timeof the\al\c andma) b< apfloriroarrl) iu If rhi'j,"'iiitr".r'" Ji ]trmie4 trre latvc wlictr has just ceased corducting \ill coqdlrci egain."a *"a"".

"

colcfiureiion f6ilule (scc Sectio:1 6 4 1)*id"t irt"

"""rrtr"" of tle invcrtor is assuciared wilir lhc coflsunPtr'o ol a cer I rrn rrini'

"',;;;;;;i;;;;;; poo"' una rn' Fr'are' {he anllc p' thJ !Ii"r^' \\ ill b r t I I' 'rire

,r"t''". i"t f "^."

. .l,rtis ol E,lr, t, a aqd't+ itislo'sihlc'ocaL'lr'f D i'' ":u:rrr:li"i rlr.n*

"."

lolt" -

*n,ia"til:t ttteng.'t lnd hclrc'4 sonrc r)ilrlr arigle iras 1' r b: pio'vided to ta6 licouil of these chatgtt, ii tltit n'ry rc:isonlll': t'i'l\ {xri, bc rrovjd'd'"ffi;; ;;#; ;rut i"uv;.

'r'oiiv at th' erl'.nsr ol

'r:rtir': p.'rrr: rh':.1 ...rcit|c

f..,* ii 'il"it, rhe srr"i.r wi1' b' 1l:;:irlr'1'

rr:ril rltr r;:ctn:r r"n'i '"rr'rrrr'l"i' I I !'ir

so ililje is e suirriillijzi rjsk cf ie.illlc fcr 1ir' f'ti']-Jr:1r' r'rif i'rj":iii ,q.uC.f"oi?li: ;',r lirc o l!''rji lollrlr oi 15; jrrrr:r'rr r {'iir !r:i"i.1 irr ''riiii 1 :rrr' 1ii",r,id"n fo!',i cil?'4!:eJ in the 2c s)'!lt:lr I ii'l:r l'lr'l:' r'r lr:l1r .'1 .1:r 'i r:-lr'

roltagc a'nd heica;ncrease the tcquired cart rrtr Iti lr tirr ilrLi'lr' '1 1; :r: ri: Ir:i: rr'al.l c ,.

] ,r.idition, : pia:e to ph:se leult \Yi!l nol l.l1l)' '/'rn r r': r i'rr:'i tr!bul {i1l also decreasc ot ircrease lhe evaiiabl' r"orl1rnrrirtr'r:r ;rtrIl' ii""nlfro"l i;gu." 5"1 in $hich the redi:;iio:r il !'ilrltli ni l:llriii: l: - "l lf l,","1*A ir, ao'in"t"uttd anSlo cf ccltrll'11!1ior! fot

"rLrr:i'i'l ri'fi I

'':" 'l' '0"f." :. ..t,a fto* 3 $ 5, ard decrca::eL tl' i'\.!il tlrl'-r :: r ;' i ri : '\,e1v'.4 1. !:l!3 6 and ft.,t I lc l.

,,r' i.: ' :;"rr: -- rr'': :: ' : \'

o.". ;;_, c?ta:,;nt d::'i:lg.s i" jf: i.''turre$l rvi1l rise mornenlatjiy elel if

"iil reciilier ilrr lrrt'r:r'r": ;' r'rr;: :

charr.larislic'Ti:rse a..sidera{ion: dltund e coisidsral'le al{t ol rilr:::t:: lrr !i:l i i r ' :r' ;'

J((.r',rL1.jrL . lni i1: c!?ly sllc:i.4: r--.1..' f"' i _{j' l ' c :r''l

',,t'. ".',, ...';i:,i,".'...,tt ':I'': :: ^ r'1 i

|'i.'u.;';;;1.;. ,;,; ;"'":to-- iirc,uld i,: cu'rnior:j'i ir r!'l :i 1'rrt rl"' r''r1:'':;:r' I

nc.::.(: reexl3tion , ..rrat.d rrr,:.11.\ .rhin tl,cli cu:rcr.t r:Lin!"i.i-::r".itlat ,.r: y-Y::l::'1.T;i'.,i*.,;;.;;:',., .' L'c)or'd-1t,c r:r.cr \-'rr'( iE3ri1!11 rFar r\e wlvcs 6lrot'i T,;i';;; i;;;;:,,..,1.r r'q'o',,]r1," '.,*."]l-

riire is a ss'DsEntial rist of car' ':f'' u,r' ' 1",.'u ,,. a.,.r', j,.. i".:b:1. lfthcraJu.tiorri:*:l :.:,"p.:tl"l'1,:::,xlil*",nr:*:il::a' ;:*.,'ii'i;l;l i?:.;:::il,;;;;"ranrcur.nt-'.sur'tioij:;l ::']ii'.'.-;: :o..;, i" i"i-.=.'r "i.lii:r::. 5:ck r'oltate or 'tie o#lFeflce - ._ ; :.

-..,,, ... -i,r l*n.-',.*"s. tle angie of fiic,r. L!.-: :- 5:ck !olrx!,e or thc o;" t!crccq,:"i' ;l::: :., ; .' ;". .dlsr'l,n rr': l cl it"..!*;i1 t. a li:!: value, !h. recliljer 5'16 '-l:^',^".,,..r, , !;lr1c t:re1 curr!o,. rs r.:":ir';incll

- l c'luttol slor'ld: i'r(ir! lr'/ rcl): rr' q : - -' '.!*;n1 t. :. i:::: value, !h. recliljer 5'ro ca""i' '::::""',,: r.,"-r'.r 1 {:r!.r.nl is :11';ii11ti1 ., ':i

-^:-. -. .-. ri^,r.l:llcl oi,ll i lolL g" la :L'(lr i !11" r"': 1 c rrr'n'_ rs t

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( o l,(r\r,,.1r1..{. ^.!, 'ii

l,rir 1r.r..,.

.1 6+K L)J ",\

lNvERToX Coit !,e! Nrrr--c6"1

,,]li,i:;1ff.'ff;Till;TI,,,#i,,r*:::; is o::r1.ri,rr),rylell cirarses oc,rrdu, jng,"rcrror rA.rlr auromar,cziry ,.run,. *r,:^fl:: Err:r^ii co::lourarr-on falurc occur-, rr,,1.r..Scflior 6.4.1). - -- w,,,:Y.l oJ:c:.ricn if :irc lcrit \,ah:i: opc;ilcs dorrellj

Ls 1li. dircct currenl inffcas:i rhe.nele F F.;r, ra.-ir_1!- anC hr:.ct tllJ interLor (.1.(r.j:;.!c N.itr de-r.il

tiutj'j'tIilr'l {:ro rl l,li il N D I Nc

ld..1';l=.

1

Figurt 5,4 ldcnl colstanl drir:nl "clilict compounding

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fttifi

II

frl

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ii

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,i

a'!d.s with iacrease il:

rvhen delay a.ogle e. isfrdra lhis nat rral-

V

llocasfV- asB

la nThe clla:?clctislic may be slifted i;qrrhJir

'lrr chenrins the 'irlue of L uJ- s{:le'lingJr[il:;"#1;ii"lr tl,-.r" oi ti* cl'"'":r'iir'c $ilr rr:-1lrir3llj o'-rri \ irh {ire l':r\ru'''i,'rr of E.

-:...," r-,.."t,isr"peortr.elae"l.on'o.,l""'fill;]":.:: :l::". ... ..,.,.,,

6t,_" --_,.,

Srch an iden: cluracteristic *oul-'rvii, i;l ;;;i;;;t;c in'{' :rncr

rraclarlces of the rcclifici and ir'velor rroe r''JFUYtl) ',:::-:;,- ,"i,,.tun." of t " ".".:i;;:;;;;;;;;

'*"tor, h3rf th^ linc .a-:ie:1:r aad rhc cr;o::ive indu:urncc^

sirlc *'hich mav ic tat.n .'5'pto";-ut":i I'iT; i;;;';"it.," rirrse *'iirdinFr i:'r ;erier'

i7+jd12IiT

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('OrlPOt Sol!tC ,.\D !tCCi:t.At li)).

al tab-

':alr'5.6 I50ci hunlinr vollafc duc to mrnjrtcss- re_e!.!r,n: a:r: :.e:F ch"rJ(rc.j,,...ot :.,( .(:,:tr:ror,o!l1dir!

fjrmancnr d.c. componcnt, the d.c. erd tiie a,a. c.irlpet:eDt. jhr ti::.t \.li

flljtdirl

dj:

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L.

t:

i

i

:l

l

:}I

I

ri.liutlly bc lakcn cnre ofby thc1l:! rcsukant dampiirg ofthe circr:

\\'h.n a;r:t'r2:r'd thc crjric:.. p',sirirr, rlill be liven b1:

.R'1ead .&'.in erder that thr rcsuiten, darip:a$

1!r:l to lavr suLicjcni po""ii\,g damping /-., sLor:l.j h: i::i..er rhaa e(Jt,1): v,.ir:rr*r ,:.::.( j:. oJ 13.. 11,31 1?

. R.rQi '

] 'l:'l: ::1::,: *:t.:vc (hf cor'rrror charadedjd: oi 1ie .r.r i:ier. the smoor h inr i c-.i(. ,sl!.,ulct'eols!filcieDrtylargcsize. tn aaa:lon, rt ..ee*ging d'i,i irp."#'fry p*"rar, ti .::]^cjll,11..i"ytis for rhc. corresfirrnding.r::qte,*1.ii - ii.'ialrlr j"s ;.lr

"t* r*. r)L(.rnlrol cf hnrniopics- v.hicl qiff U. f.rg., i ,J;.,r.;., ,,;" ,;';;_ i;;.;*:;;t ;.....2'nfct ltn:rir:r rn.r,srdJrrr Iins discll:rr.:,..-, ..--...,;, .,.. ::;.,:-_i,:,.:r. ?.d lar ljnitjrg en].$!dd.n Iine rJiscirarg* cr,.relr ,:.r;;n ;;;,;:;;;;:. . '



Reclifier,

( or{ I'OU riDt N i

ce n also bi given a grealer inirtia

5.6 Trabsuissio! chalacterls{ic, i! ile recdfior qh.t in!^d-- ^^_--.- ,.l.li",,o,i* ..r",,;; ;;,-,#,;T:1i#H;fi

":[Xil:Xl,, "n,,..,n,,..,eltinflron ancle(6o) "ompound;ng', (Secrion 5.:!on r t,. ;,,,r"r,orlit"" Inriiii ;.,^ru",

"r;.r;",oI flre syslem rvill bc as shown in Fjgu:c j.g.la the recrifier eharacteristics. accint has to be r1L:e:: of r rr- 6 1. 1;,,a Cr.:.p I.R i i rri.it. malch thc intcnc,r charscrcrislic. lulpos. iiiri 1i.," r',,rrit.. "olri,oiti X*nt s"tulg isi) cd bJ' thc tinc /dr; qhen rhe inverror t.a;1o."..., o""oJ1,r.o:,.*li.

..",.",,1i,u*,r,.*,,^,i11corespord to pbjrr l- Nowif z",red1,*.,"i,, ia" "i_"", ,r,,',1,,,:]"io'r"o", *

"r,olljr rcctjticr regulator i.rill act to inseaso iharlhc.ct,rrcrt no"

-rr*rorran ,otfJ,'n", zoIiL o :it i liciric sciLr

:1|.r!::r1a.a!ara!.-

,t::i:ll;"'r- (-Q Il !'O t,N O lN (i .\\D t!t.(,uL ltoliiDllics lfial :iic rccrifier shoukl NoIk 3l l cc eifi nifiitlrunl algir a, l;asl-acliog t:!p-igc arranScai.!11s slould al,to bc proYidcd to incrcasc t|c rcclifier voltagc as Soon asrrrrlc o fulls b.'J,tr thc nrir,inrr:nr lin,it.al3y thlls tc $c1t that po\lcr transmission can be aerricd ala $ith adcquatc salcly andLrilitJ,ti)' pro\iJing "coDstant e.rtinction :1nelc compoundr'rrg" ol tk;nvcaloi, ',consii,r1i:nt compouodilg" on the recliiier, and a quicl.i-ectilglratsio. rr tap changcr. poryctiation ma). b: sc.qnmodatcd casily bl chanling the curre t scrrinc of the rcctifierlator.

1 ,n ic.lios :.10 below). -A coFmunication link is ncccssary tc conley inforrualionllia rr(ii-irs (ral lar the rcatiner regtli?rro., ar.d tiltl aia6 lr'; neaded lor pt1}tccd\?

3y! 1"*s36n

cliLAtNl nlcut,ATtoN rtol,J Ti.i.lr IN\.1:ta.t.a,R Srur. /.rt!'t't',r!.5 (Chafte.6J, strr(in! purprseq .nd rcversalof the.direcrioo oi pon-.r uo\- (Sc .tiar,-. r I.rtu\v).

) l,. r,.rrc lhrce nrein possibilitics:{i) Shofl"qave radio litr,ilril l'ilot \vires.

{'.r) lhe usc of carrier frcquencics on thc porr'cr co;tducLo.-.!,* Cirrcof rcgulation from the inve*or side

A. disc'ussed in Section 5,6, the culrenl regulator of the recrifie. eds!rcs thal lir c i rentilr)rr not rise abo\.e the sct \al!q but lt ddes not ersure 1!l.t ii \!ill nfi la:! bel( i. I hi!

l:isurc 5.I0 Conbjn d rcctificr a*d inveno. char?crarisr;.:s $,irb cu''cri lltulniiol| a:l\ri ir_,tli si;|..,1 course, can be asgllrcdiby ?e. fasl-acting tIarsirr:-lngr ltip-chingers -,!,hicll jr1:.ri.;r. ir,!\ollege as soon as thetangle d apprcaches zero.

,tjscleariynotdesirablclooteratetapchenger\rlrlieqnertl).,anritpchar,5. ,,,,r1rtol be adcquate or fasl enough if onc oflhd reciiir.r brjdgej !J !udd{!iy blc.}r.C i I ir;,,.:ontingency uill resull in the lystem 'tunning do\1r" unless :n jrrtitcr bridl{ is sjr ul^t: r..ou.ly blocl.cd.

This dill'iclltY nlat be olcrcorre by providirg e "consfanl cr;1e.1 ..!lula!or" (rlr :h.lir\crtor also, \.lich c0surfs thel the currnl de.J noi lall bcil,*.a elrti;j| !i\.j,, v;r rr,tri, ,iiiangcmcnt sueli,ts thjs h,ili be quick atrin3;id \\.ill havi ce[ai!1 gihlr:id,.c:r:.-. ]r'!:\'ilh stcl a rigulator, thc liring algjc p of tlie i&1.*rio. uill heae to h advni.ed b.).i:idlirr: commlllation nlargin end rcduce thc bacl \oilagc, so tciiii:tg to sill:ir lhc;ciir.xtir:..r.)cdiircly ir fells bclorv (hc att r,alue.

'Jhe constanl curr:nt regulator rvill be similar to ll.Jt of thc tcc'rlu:. 'or.lr opnr&tinf ini: r! op}r)lllc scnse, i e,, lvlen rlie crtlicnl.decrcales l!|.anel. P incrcsier to fedur. 11t{ b: c;(

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('O rl l'OLt t l)lNC AND ll:r('!Lnll()N

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For rcas::s simll.".r to llrosc ad ' jlnccd in thc caic of thc rr'ctificr (S*li0l 5 5)' tlt' r''rr: i'r

.]..""i "*--,

chcracLcrjstic \\itl h3\'c lo be givlri sorlc rnioirrrum rlopc and ll'Ji \!iillI'iil *::; ;';":; ia Frlur'' 5 o rhc rrriou:' lin"r:'rc Jbr 'jrl'r'r"ir currl.r'r s': i:r:::;";.;;t iine represcnrs ll,c \"or)'it8 of tlrt invcrlor xl a cor:tlil c):1;ncLior-r illrgi'-iJ,'"r".],# 1",i". *nrcci3rcJ f \ rclcrcricc L rl,. con,Li:rcc rlJn:n)is:io)r ci,.rrr, .. . ..rou'n in Fi3ure 5 10'ia,r'"*

*Jn", una invcrtor z.c. roltages are t'and f" t'specliwly' ruch !hxr tb' re"jficr," r"idl* tt ttian* ,n"n thxt of the in\ crtor' the 'ectiiicr s'ill bc runrrirl on colstar'1 ci:';rnl't

--.,-j --'":i ihr inv.nor has a s7.fe margin ol comftlltation

"fbis is so b'Qu:' th';;ff:;;;;;;;.ihan thc c'r(ren! set otl theinrertor rcgulalor; and hcncc ils resrl:lot,"r"ilt-*,.'.,

"

a minimum fixed lcvcl aod so does nol affeci thc pbasc adlalcr; the:;i;, t";;;i';. b5 poinr '4 For working in this mxnner' the cotdilion whi'h ftust

1.:i r' / l@L,\ 3\/2 f' l',1r:.__-j_: _- t, I R+_- l> __- -(aso,.*,r.-:-\ 7/

Th'\ rdry !:x. lh. Dorflal $ orkiog condition, linccopcraring an isvenor on c'D5tan! currcnl

",i,i"l""J"r* " f"rgc englc oi adlance p, ard hence a large rcactive power requirement"

":::::;-;l; t" "

la-,,lt oi arv other rcason) tlpx &e voltage on the inve(or sid: falls

""" i,l'fi. *rrt*n""ainr 10 E"''; the currcnl $iil po{ bi Sivct by point .B' lf' ho\\'ever'

I.. t"-iC* t"rlr"'t" *rrespood ing to ; iaiis !o N:"' lhen rilc cultemu'ilibc deine"i b:v C:;:;;; th";"-"rtor cureni regulalor has lal'3' ri::1 tli!! ol'dte es a *:iiiir rvillt I.u:llag.e o*p,tt

"quai ie ril. vollage

I lrirs \\'lc:, {he yorking point is ,{ li:r.8nrc 5.11.(o)l thc !'aluc ofcos a i! 8ivcfl by tlrcorresfbndins r'alucs of t/r' and /r. \\'han the poiot chxngcs !o ,, cos a is dacrca\ud audi giren b]' the corresponding \.alues of i1 and Iu- -Ilrc lovter tirc \\,orl.i;ng point. {rcreiler \\'ill be thc delay anglc o and the lcss the \?iue of cos a, This is also shor* by1e \\'ale diasraa. F-igure 5.1l(r). 'l-he po\r'er facto. iotrodricrd in thc a.c. sidc is girnv the cqualion:

cos {:tr lcos o+cos {orr r)] .............-.-....-- 13,I2tThe less rhe po$cr faclor, the l$s qili ba rhe actile powe. lransmilted lbr the sem.

llcrnaling curent and voltagc and thrs lle sreat! vjll bc rhe rcacti\,c powel cotsdgred

cclt{t,oI'tutt{G lID ([6tJLAl to)]

FiSurc i-l: T:t changilrs 3lr:n!!r1s:,1 far rlie contrler r.::nltomrcr:i in lhc {l!.rhn{l lftr*c

't RAi\,ato1lr.Ji:ti 1,ri!,C11.\:iaJN.i .,_7

-i_i:is uppsr lioil ir also neccssz.l lo rr.lc-'.i rIc.':;,.-i $ori,irLgurr rl,c 1:3t.:.::c. voliriler.i,:rr';rctcrisric (":0) rr liich inlplics cFi:tticn oa lli. ilvortcr o' co'star)! curcr:! cs. racrciir-rn,i.

'l ltus thc 1ro$e. fzal,rr relay will laa! the o?3ix!;or otllie aecdfier *,itfun rn.:.:; ,11u,{tJnririinrun Iinrits b.v operaling the ?utonr?tic cti-load up,chanrc arrangctuenf r.r .iclitr3')sfornlrr. To l..ep ll)e power fadar itiEL the jo!\ci ijm;l shoLriri,bc brcr!)l: ai i-.ra.lcj llie lighcr lintl as possible. For 1li. rea:rr r;1. F!'c.ntc-r. ..a!1c ci e-cl iappingshoulC be snlall. bu it musl alio b* rcmcmber.d that ihe lap clun-qcr shorld n$: opcrsteroo trcquentl). A raDge of *10 percenl i! I pr. cent oi 2 prr c4ot steps should be d(leq ate.

Tlic operalhls poitt can also be chatg;'i -\-r proviCilg z tip chargcr oll tl..: .r!\crtci

irinsfoifi.r. ln tiris case the aetio! ivi! ba or-;*!ite to ilxiof thit rcciificrtapchii;!._:. 1h;risby'ircreasi11grhe tolregetheworUngpoiol ol rle r*tiiier will i,.c liiicd up ( Iiigh p

s.ttt.(tl,AliloN (ri: al{r: (ONtfXi It jYsTi:r'r -

il:

, n.,1 lcry larpc c'nlParcd lo lhe {'orrlcrtit !11;ni rilinc aid i! i\ irrlrndcJ 'o I rL' 1':lr.;,' rtlcl.

\.10.2 Rcgulation vlte^ thc ]1or''t su';P;i(l itan!1 ltttc'r't\(ltitrlant' il ur;, *1".i"* "rr

tbc Fo\r.er has to bc rr'lllird b] 111e cr)'lvcrlcr systrnr'' li : icl": rr:,'t;"i?,Tt*;;;;;nd voltage has to bc accornplishcd b)' this plz'nt 'nd its s)nchr' .or'

olrors r

a0\rri!r1lii.0lh3c AsD Rloul.1l lo)i nE6ULATIO!{ O! r[[ CONV!:R't"r:^ Sysl j[l

t:It,

^* *._-- _ * _Pedtfrer



{fi;:#-l ( o\:IouNDt\c AND llicul^tr')tii rna A.-crrlatrrn rthtn rontettet caloc ! is can\arcblr to rltc tc"-'t:ng ll ''r;r '_ - ;l*i,ft .".ilt;ott for running 2 conve.tcr plart in prrallcl rrilh anothc. 'lterx::or rrciinui,. af.r*, fronr thosc ul.rn lwo !licr xlon aic i.on,1ccrcd in trr'"llcl-(' \\-:::: t':kilr"rnuro_ .r" .onnc.ted in parallel, thc allot$cn{ ofactivc po*c. bclween thcss ait.ftalo'..fll a.t.o"o.a by th. spccd reg;ulation ol the Solcmors, alld the magoitudes of l\. leld

nrrens d.ttrrnin. rhe allolment of reaclivc po\rer' lfl thc casc ofa collvelter pllrl andFl" *ret :ror;n rziellel 1l'e cnnditions arc nol c simnlc'ii Th. it-t."or

"oo*mcs rcaclivc po\Aer which is &ppro)iirnaleiy prolorlional ll: ri:: :'iiY'

lftner. Sr.rpmse lbe s)tchiolous qrnl.nser a'soJatcd 1';ll' thc jn\'ri"r sLlr' . rrrlolo"o*. poi"t, p"ri of r^'hjch iE consumed by lbe ilvcttor and Part slpllicd 10 thr load inHarallel *irh ar allcrt3tor. lltbe sctive Po$er supplied by thc iivertol is Do{'ie:reased,Ill" .""..r. posst consumed 'ry jt \''ill also ioctcase; rhuJ lile lcacrile poter s:"i;;:lird ict rhc lord b! lbe s't uchronous condenser \ ill also IJc afrcted'[j m" t

"ra $av !o l3ckle this qpe of regulalion problrn is lo rulr lhc col\'eicr Nlalt 2s

:rn c.!sc I o: cs 2 (5. ) 0.2 or 5.)0.3). Ruonilg it 8s in casc I adan! c2-lsirlg the r:lcinatotlricrtato!. ro be ser ro constant nctive ald reactile powcrs, \'hjle lh teglllalioil of rle loadiirnny bc

COIII, OU ^rpl NL; nltD lii

(;\il'^ 1lo"r

laycd that_{he s}sten] ca11 bc sl2rlc.i s! il] llc llr:lnn'r xbcvc trflcr-'ir! irtcrru]riiur'rs ten minutcs,

e\'crriDg thc direclioD of Pon.cr iraDsmir(ionalready been demon$trated tLat a reariiet cat bc $ade lo oPerate al ln lnvcrle'ding a phasc adrance of more than 90' and ralllnr l(ss lhatr 180'; ihe rclcnc irrue.:5.16 shoqs rhe h.v.d.c, systern io $'hich I is thc rcclifier and 'B t1lc inrerlot' Noltgle a of thC iecri6cr I is advanced by morc tliad 90" and tLe anslt p oftl.rc i'rvetlo'rnccd bymor.*riran 90", tlten I ('illbcconrc the it!"lo'a d lilllc recliii'i Crrlcnlbc io*irgin rbe samc ditection, \dliic the volitle !li:n ct tlle d c li'tsiii drrrrg''nowe. lratsmistion fiom B to ,{' as s}io\\'n in Figure 5'16 (})'the.firiog a;gc ca[ bo chatrged altoraatically as requircd, it is possible to catrS','cr rcve:sal iirromaticaliy as diciated by the a c slsrcms at each cnd lf the d c',lthougl slatrili1-l" Problems of the .,onllcllcrt ad:r, lh'y arc n''t insulctrble' 'l l1riorviai iatercoanectio! of two a.c' sj'si.l]s is rclatircly easy by 1l!is lllciilaC-rina the polarilt'of th: d.c. liac is 6oi, however, suilable if there h ihe possibilitt

'.,ni,"olioos oa the d.c. sidc or $1i.8 tir.e.e is a lepped lile ot the d c' sidt' ln sucir

rorycr rg!!r5il can be ca[ied or .t]y telersitg the tcmflals of the stalio!, {hercby

uilt {he salic Lae Polarjly'sei-oi poiarir5 oay also bc unde$r'able frot! the 5undpoinl of insllatioa, perri-irr rhe ese ofcables,

', iinll'Lli (: ,[)r'otccliorr r,.-Il.\ I).( S1':rurris

r..Lr.c..N: (l)(61{9J (i0)(lC)(:a)'r")io(nl)i'xilNiir''{11{r (li)1i (l{lt),O12}.i215).

r.l Jl?sis of lrotcc{ion of tllr a'c and d^'' sysltnir(dcoi,ate nrotcction oi all pl:rrl, c2:le5 and lranlrrrirri,ln litrr:l on n pon'er $ysi*ni ls a

t .r e:icntiai andisbzs"C intl-eac ca!'' or rtrc l ovr r': r't ' i'crri'-bre:,\"r\ r.r 'tj|rl,

'.,

"r:; .il c g.irc,!--.!,(4 -c rs -,a3e, co:-,:-{ed,-!y-xl?Jj.llt: lrr arl:.trenls -\Y!i:l 9P.!l^31! !!e,'.r,,-]i[,ru spceiicd tinrc ]rmi"s a'ql rvitir t',i1af'!11!.1:,::li.ll:13:lo,r,! O:i ihiSi' roit rge

.

..'i;. ,1,; u,.^Liou ol high-spccc e -ld-icclo:i:rg ci'r Lr ir "r'irii'iii ii:-i:ir'. ir: ::::e1.',r,r' ' s i,-r L,ir,n s of mainrzrining conlinuii!'2nd ?1'oidjng ryochro cr)s !i)sitli:i11. i-[ht ir:u,i-b^:* rrr)slt,u.thcbr(iso1-Flo{grlsrli,r-$q;9.:,v'ic-rr"a,'ic"tri:,oDe.:t,r--^oiih;r'}i!r'"-l+-3",,,,':ii.ioii;ii.",*i1'c"clcl,fronr:-:ergjrr.clingslandpoilrl,theprohlem.i

hvdc unit 3 version 1

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