hybrid electric vehicle
DESCRIPTION
Hybrid electric vehicleTRANSCRIPT
SEMINAR ON HYBRID VEHICLES
PRESENTED BY: Swaraj Kumar Behera
Reg.1101298357
Guided byAshutosh Swain
High fuel efficiency.
Decreased emissions.
No need of fossil fuels.
Less overall vehicle weight.
Regenerative braking can be used.
Toyota Prius Honda Insight Honda Civic(hybrid
ThermalManagement
systemHybridPower
unit Tractionmotor
EnergyStorage
unit
Accessories
Fuel tank Body chassisEnergy management
& system control
HEVs will contain a mix of aluminum,
steel, plastic, magnesium, and
composites (typically a strong, lightweight material composed of
fibers in a binding matrix, such as
fiberglass).
Ultra capacitors are higher
specific energy and power versions of electrolytic capacitors
devices that store energy as an electrostatic
charge.
Lead acid batteries, used currently in
many electric vehicles, are
potentially usable in hybrid
applications. Lead acid batteries can be designed to be
high power and are inexpensive, safe,
and reliable.
Flywheels store kinetic energy within a rapidly
spinning wheel-like rotor or disk. Ultimately,
flywheels could store amounts of energy
comparable to batteries. They contain no acids or
other potentially hazardous materials.
Flywheels are not affected by temperature
extremes, as most batteries are.
Fuel cells offer highly efficient and fuel-
flexible power systems with low to zero emissions for
future HEV designs. There are a variety of thermal issues to be addressed in the development and application of fuel
cells for hybrid vehicles.
Spark ignition engine mixes fuel and air in a pre-
chamber. Throttle and heat losses, which occur as
the fuel mixture travels from pre-chamber into the
combustion chamber.
A Compression Ignition engine
achieves combustion through compression
without use of sparkplug. It becomes CIDI engine when it is enhanced with direct
injection.
Motors are the "work horses" of HEV drive systems. In an HEV, an electric
traction motor converts electrical energy from the energy storage unit to
mechanical energy that drives the wheels of the vehicle. Unlike a
traditional vehicle, where the engine must "ramp up" before full torque can
be provided, an electric motor provides full torque at low speeds. This characteristic gives the vehicle excellent "off the line" acceleration.
As emissions standards tighten
and exhaust control technologies
improve, the issue of evaporative
emissions becomes increasingly
important. Thermal management of fuel
tanks is one approach to
reducing these emissions.
60% to 80% of amiss ions in an autos
typical driving cycle comes from cold start
emissions, that is, pollutants that are emitted before the
catalytic converter is hot enough to begin
catalyzing combustion products.
Heat recovered from any of the above
sources can be used in a variety of ways. For winter driving, heat recovery from HEV sources such as the power unit exhaust, propulsion motors,
batteries, and power inverter can
significantly improve cabin warm-up.
HEVs are now at the forefront of transportation technology development. Hybrids have
the potential to allow continued growth in the
automotive sector, while also reducing critical resource
consumption, dependence on foreign oil, air pollution, and
traffic congestion.