hybrid electric vehicles seminar
Post on 11-Sep-2014
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Why the need? Why electric vehicles are at present not a solution and the types of hybrid architecture.TRANSCRIPT
Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Abhilash RCB.EN.U4MEE10001
ContentsPart I: Current transportation scenario
Part II: EV & why that is not the solution now
Part III: Concept of hybridization
Part IV: Architectures of Hybrids
Part V: Commercial models
Part I: Current transportation scenario
Over dependence on petrol/diesel-it’s depletion
Rising petrol/diesel pricesPollution and the resultant global warming
Noise in conventional vehiclesNeed for alternate power sources
EV, HEV - The solution?
HEV,EV?A traditional vehicle has sole propulsion by
ICE or diesel engineEV - Electric Vehicle, battery (or ultra
capacitor, fly wheels) operated only. Sole propulsion by electric motor
An HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) is a vehicle which involves multiple sources of propulsions
Part II: EV & why that is not the solution nowHigh Initial Cost- Many times that of conventional
vehiclesShort Driving Range- Range anxietyRecharging takes much longer time than
refueling gasoline-lack of charging infrastructureBattery pack takes space and weight of the
vehicle which otherwise is available to the peopleGrid loadICE + Electric motor = Propulsion
Part III: Concept of hybridization?
Multiple sources of power
Making ICE work in most efficient range
Sizing of motor and ICE lower compared to conventional vehicles and EV
Modes of operation
Part IV: Architectures of Hybrids
According to the method the energy sources are arranged
Parallel HEV: Multiple propulsion sources can be combined, or drive the vehicle alone with one of the energy sources
Series HEV: Sole propulsion by electric motor, but the electric energy comes from another on board energy source, such as ICE
Power-split hybrid: Can work both as a series & parallel type hybrid
Series architectureOperation Mode of Series
ArchitectureBattery alone mode: engine is
off, vehicle is powered by the battery only
Engine alone mode: power from ICE/G
Combined mode: both ICE/G set and battery provides power to the traction motor
Power split mode: ICE/G power split to drive the vehicle and charge the battery
Stationary charging modeRegenerative braking mode
Advantages of Series Architecture
ICE operation can be optimized, and ICE itself can be redesigned to satisfy the needs
Smaller engine possible
High speed engine possible
Single gear box. No transmission needed. Multiple motors or wheel motors are possible
Simple control strategy
Disadvantages of Series Architecture
Energy converter twice (ICE/G then Motor), plus battery
Additional weight/cost due to increased components
Traction motor, generator, ICE are full sized to meet the vehicle performance needs
Parallel ArchitectureOperation Mode of Parallel Architecture
Motor alone mode: engine is off, vehicle is powered by the battery/motor only
Engine alone mode: ICE drive the vehicle alone
Combined mode: both ICE and motor provide power to drive the vehicle
Power split mode: ICE power split to drive the vehicle and charge the battery
Stationary charging mode
Regenerative braking mode (include hybrid braking mode)
Advantages of Parallel Architecture
ICE operation can be optimized, with motor assist or share the power from the ICE
Flexible in configurations and gives room for optimization of fuel economy and emissions
Reduced engine sizePossible plug-in hybrid
for further improved fuel economy and emission reduction
Disadvantage of Parallel Architecture
Complicated control strategy
Complex transmission
TOYOTA Prius (Power-split) architecture
Modes of operation-TOYOTA Prius
Modes of operation-TOYOTA Prius
At start-off/low-speeds, HSD runs the car on the electric motor(s) only
CRUISING: ICE powerFULL ACCELERATION:
ICE power + battery power
CRUISING: ICE power + battery charging
DECELERATION, BRAKING: kinetic energy recuperation for battery charging
Key advantages of HEVs Optimize the fuel economy
– Optimize the operating point of ICE
– Stop the ICE if not needed (ultra low speed and stops)
– Recover the kinetic energy at braking
– Reduce the size (hp and volume) of ICE
Reduce emissions
– Minimize the emissions when ICE is optimized in operation
– Stop the ICE when it’s not needed
– Reduced size of ICE means less emissions
Quiet Operation– Ultra low noise at low speed because ICE is stopped– Quiet motor, motor is stopped when vehicle comes to a stop, with engine already stopped– Reduced maintenance because ICE operation is
optimized, less hazardous material, fewer tune ups, longer life cycle of ICE– Fewer spark-plug changes– Fewer oil changes– Fewer fuel filters, antifreeze, radiator flushes or water
pumps– Fewer exhaust repairs or muffler changes
Key Concerns of HEVs High initial cost
– Increased components such as battery, electric machines, motor controller, etc.
Reliability concern
– Increased components, especially power system, electronics, sensors
Warranty issues
– Issues on major electric components
– Dealership and repair shop not familiar with new components
Safety: high voltage system employed in HEV
Part V: Commercial modelsToyota PriusToyota
HighlanderFord EscapeMercury
MarinerHonda InsightHonda Civic
HEVHonda Accord
HEV
Thank you