hydraulic fluid filtration and contamination...
TRANSCRIPT
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Hydraulic Fluid Filtration and
Contamination Control
Presented by: Ernie Parker
Fluid Power Engineering Technology Instructor
Hennepin Technical College
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Where do we install filters?
Inlet strainer/filter to a pump
Pressure line filter (high pressure)
Return line filter
Kidney loop filter
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Usually a strainer
Catches the nuts and bolts that are
dropped into a reservoir
Cheap
Advantages of an Inlet Filter
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Causes cavitation
Increase risk of aeration due to weak shaft seals or
worn bearings.
Many are be very difficult to clean
Many don’t have a bypass for cold or dirty oil
Filter would need to be size twice as large as a strainer
Disadvantages
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Bypass valve and indicator need to
be set at 3 PSI or less.
A typical filter may have the bypass
spring as high as 50 PSI.
A vacuum will never open it.
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Filters that are mounted on the top of
reservoirs cause cavitation by being
mounted within 10 diameters of the
inlet plumbing to the pump. You draw
the oil up and spin it around inside the
element and send it out at a right
angle all turbulent.
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The best inlet plumbing will have all of
the valves, strainers, elbows and the
like at least 10 diameter of the inlet
hose from the pump.
If not, you could still have a positive
inlet pressure and still cavitate causing
contamination and excesses wear.
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Submerging a pump in the reservoir
without any plumbing will still cause
cavitation.
Inlet acts as an orifice.
One needs at least a 10 diameter inlet
line of laminar flow prior to the pump.
If tubing is used in the tank, flare the
end and don’t use any elbows.
Normal tube bending is ok. 11
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Try to never use an elbow, tee or anything
that will cause turbulence right at the inlet.
Proper plumbing will quiet the system by at
least 3 DBa and I have seen a 10 DBa drop
and then can pull upwards of 27 inch of Hg
without cavitation.
Flange fittings work the best at the pump.
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If possible, use charge pressure filtration
instead of an inlet filter.
Major corporations suggest an inlet filter
of 10 microns without a bypass.
In theory that would be great, but in
reality, as the filter starts to load up, it
causes cavitation and you put all of the
contaminates right into the pump that
you are trying to protect. 13
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By using charge pressure filtration in
your hydrostatic system, you don’t
destroy the charge pump from cavitation
and you can catch particles just before
entering your expensive pump.
Charge pressure filters need a littler
higher pressure rating as they may see
between 50 to 500 PSI.
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Many times the charge pressure relief
dumps excess oil into the case of the
hydrostatic giving a constant and
steady flow through that filter and
that makes for better filtering.
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Advantages of a pressure line filter
Catches contaminate before it enters
the system of critical components.
Strongly recommended for servo
systems, load sensing, proportional
and other expensive components.
Helps to maintain a system working
at it best.
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Cost
With pressure compensated pumps,
your filtration is limited to the flow
of the pump and doesn’t work in the
standby conditions.
As valves shift the flow will also
change and shock the filter, reducing
the efficiency of the filter.
Disadvantages of Pressure Filters
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Inexpensive
They can filter oil returning from
cylinders with poor wiper seals.
Also filters contaminates that enter
through the use of quick disconnects
when they are connected.
Helps to keep the reservoirs cleaner.
Advantages of a Return Line Filter
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Does not catch contaminate from the
reservoir breather/vent.
The velocities vary greatly with large
pressure spikes.
Disadvantages of Return Filters
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Calculate the return line flow with a
4” x 20” x 3” cylinder that is supplied
with a 10 GPM pump.
Cap end area = 12.566 sq. in.
Rod end area = 12.566 - 7.068 = 5.5 sq. in.
Ratio is 12.566/5.5 or 2.286:1
10 GPM x 2.286 = 22.86 GPM 21
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If using a fixed displacement pump,
the flow would change as the
directional valve is shifted from:
Neutral 10 GPM
Extension 4.368 GPM
Return 22.86 GPM
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Kidney Loop or Off-line Filtration
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Most efficiency and cost effective in the
long run.
The pump could be piggy back on other
pumps or electric motor shaft.
Better yet is a small electric motor to run
additional hours over the regular system.
Flow is constant
Kidney Loop Filtration
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I have seen circuits using a gear type
proportionator to step up the flow with
a small amount of return line flow.
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I have built a pressure fatigue bench
that cycled from 0 to full pressure
between 3 – 7 Hz running 24/7 that ran
for over 20 years at 122 degrees F with
over 15,400,000,000 documented cycles
(multiple stations with one pump).
It contained a inlet filter, pressure,
return line, & kidney loop filters rated
close to 1 micron 26
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It takes extra filtration to super clean a
system, but once it is clean and without
outside contaminates entering the
system, the filter will last much longer
than normal.
Keeping the oil truly under 140 degrees F.
and clean, you will not normally need to
replace the oil.
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Additional Contamination Control
Reservoir Breather
Filter-desiccant breathers
Water Removal
Tank drain at bottom for water
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One company has a system with
multiple large air tanks attached to
the reservoir to keep all contaminate
out of their system without have
much of a change in reservoir
pressure that would affect case drain
back pressure.
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Additional components to help keep a
system clean
Cylinder boots or bellows
Reservoir membranes
Seals around reservoir covers, plates,
and plumbing coming out of the top
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