NAME OF LECTURER : SIGNATURE : DATE : TOTAL SCORE : 0

Interview (forshort reports)

Student cannot answerquestions about the experiment

Student can answer somequestions about the experiment

Student can answer questionsabout the experiment andbegins to make connectionsbetween the experiment and itsapplications

Student can explain theresults of the experiment indetail and the ways in whichthey relate to the research focus

Student can explain the results ofthe experiment in detail and the waysin which they relate to the researchfocus. The student can also evaluatethe significance of the experiment tothe real situation

  3 0

Participation(during

experiment)

Student was hostile aboutparticipating

Participation was minimal Did the job but did not appearto be very interested. Focus loston several occasion

Used time pretty well. Stayedfocused on the experiment mostof the time

Showed interest, used time verywell, guide other students and veryfocused on experiment

  1 0

Discussion No disussion was included orshows little effort and reflectionon the lab

A statement of the results isincomplete with little reflectionon the lab

A statement of the results ofthe lab indicates whetherresults support the hypothesis

Accurate statement of theresults of the lab indicateswhether results support thehypothesis Possible sources of erroridentified

Accurate statement of the results oflab indicates whether results supporthypothesis Possible sources of error and whatwas learned from the lab discussed

  4 0

Analysis /Result

Trends / patterns are notanalyzed Questions are not answered Analysis is not relevant

Trends / patterns are notanalyzed Answers to questions areincomplete Analysis is inconsistent

Trends / patterns are logicallyanalyzed for the most part Questions are answered incomplete sentences Analysis is general

Trends / patterns are logicallyanalyzed Questions are answered incomplete sentences Analysis is thoughtful

Trends / patterns are logicallyanalyzed Questions are answered thoroughlyand in complete sentences Analysis is insightful

  4 0

Data Data is not represented or isnot accurate

Data lacks precision Greater than 20% differencewith accepted values

Good representation of thedata using tables and/or graphs Less than 15% difference withaccepted values Precision is acceptable

Accurate representation of thedata using tables and/or graphs Data is fairly precise Less than 10% difference withaccepted values

Accurate representation of the datausing tables and/or graphs Graphs and tables are labeled andtitled Data is precise with less than 5%difference with accepted values

  4 0

Procedure(optional)

Procedures are not listed Procedures are listed but notin clear steps

Procedures are listed in clearsteps but not numbered and/orin complete sentences

Procedures are listed in clearsteps Each step is numbered and ina complete sentence

Procedures are listed in clear steps Each step is numbered and in acomplete sentence Diagrams are included to describethe set-up

  1 0

Materials(optional)

There is not a list of thenecessary lab materials

Most lab materials included All necessary lab materialsincluded but not listed in anyparticular order

All necessary lab materialsincluded and listed

All necessary lab materials includedand listed in an organized manner   1 0

Aim / Purpose Purpose is not identifiedRelevant variables are notdescribed

Purpose is somewhat vague Relevant variables are notdescribed

Purpose is identified Relevant variables aredescribed in somewhat unclearmanner

Purpose is identified Relevant variables aredescribed

Purpose is clearly identified Relevant variables are described   1 0

Attendance &Dicipline

Student in laboratory morethan 1 hour late

Student in laboratory within30 minutes to 1 hour late

Student in laboratory within 10to 30 minutes late

Student in laboratory justbefore laboratory start

Student in laboratory 10 minutesearlier   1 0

Criteria 1 2 3 4 5 SCR WT TSCR (%)

Experiment Title : Flow in Open ChannelFaculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

Subject Code: BFC 21201 Group Members:1.2.3.4.5.

Lab Report Rubric (Assessment Form) Laboratory: Hydraulics Laboratory  Section :

Note : SCR = SCORE, WT = WEIGHTAGE, TSCR = TOTAL SCORE

FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY

LABORATORY PAPER INSTRUCTION

Section 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Experiment Title FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL

Experiment Code MKA – 02

Subject Code BFC 21201

STUDENTS’ ETHICAL CODE (SEC)

DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

BATU PAHAT, JOHOR

“I declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also

declare not receive or give any assistance in preparing this report and

make this affirmation in the belief that nothing is in, it is true”

……………………………………….(STUDENT SIGNATURE)

NAME :………………………………

MATRIC NO :……………………………….

DATE :…………………………..…..

*This SEC sheet/student is compulsory compiles in this report

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMESAt the end of the course, students should be able to apply the knowledge and skills they havelearned to:a. Understand the concept and characteristics of hydraulic jump.b. Understand the factors which influence the hydraulic jump.

1.0 OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristic a standing wave (the hydraulic jump) produced when watersbeneath an undershot weir and to observe the flow patterns obtained.

PART A : THE HYDRAULIC JUMPS

TITLE : FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL AMENDMENT DATE : 17/05/2005

WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 17/05/2005

REVIEW NO : 1DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING

EDITION : 1

FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING PAGE NO : 1/5

4.0 EQUIPMENTS1. Self-contained Glass Sided Tilting Flume2. Adjustable Undershot Weir3. Instrument Carrier4. Hook and Point Gauge

3.0 THEORY

When water flowing rapidly changes to slower tranquil flow, a hydraulic jump or standing wave isproduced. This phenomenon can be seen where water shooting under a sluice gate mixes with deeperwater downstream. It occurs when a depth less than critical changes to a depth which is greater thancritical and must be accompanied by loss of energy. An undular jump occurs when the change in depth issmall. The surface of the water undulates in a series of oscillations, which gradually decay to a region ofsmooth tranquil flow. A direct jump occurs when the change in depth is great. The large amount of energyloss produces a zone of extremely turbulent water before it settles to smooth tranquil flow.

By considering the forces acting within the fluid on either side of a hydraulic jump of unit width it can beshown that:

Where, is the total head loss across jump (energy dissipated) (m), is the mean velocity before

jump (m/s), is the depth of flow before hydraulic jump (m), is the mean velocity after hydraulic

jump (m) and is the depth of flow after hydraulic jump (m). Because the working section is short,

and . Therefore, simplifying the above equation, .

TITLE : FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL AMENDMENT DATE : 17/05/2005

WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 17/05/2005

REVIEW NO : 1DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING

EDITION : 1

FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING PAGE NO :

2/5

1/5

6.0 RESULT AND CALCULATION1. Calculate and plot dg against

2. Calculate and plot against

3. Calculate and verify < <

5.0 PROCEDURES1. Ensure the flume is level, with the downstream tilting overshot weir, at the bottom of its travel.

Measure and record the actual breadth (m) of the undershot weir. Install the undershot weirtowards the inlet end of the flume and ensure that it is securely clamped in position.

2. Adjust the undershot weir to position the sharp edge of the weir 20 mm above the bed of thechannel. Increase the height of the tilting overshot weir until the downstream level just start torise.

3. Gradually open the flow control valve and adjust the flow until an undular jump is created withsmall ripple decaying towards the discharge end of the working section. Observe and sketch theflow pattern.

4. Increase the height of water upstream of the undershot weir by increasing the flow rate andincrease the height of the tilting overshot weir to create a hydraulic jump in the centre of theworking section. Observe and sketch the flow pattern.

5.Measure and record the values of , , and . Repeat this for other flow rates (upstream

head) and heights of the gate .

TITLE : FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL AMENDMENT DATE : 17/05/2005

WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 17/05/2005

REVIEW NO : 1DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING

EDITION : 1

FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING PAGE NO : 1/5

7.0 QUESTIONS1. Verify the force of the stream on either side of the jump is the same and that the specific energy

curve predicts a loss equal to .

2. Suggest application where the loss of energy in hydraulic jump would be desirable. How is theenergy dissipated?

Channel width, b =..…………..m

Table 6.1: The hydraulic Jumps

WeirOpening

dg

(m)

Upstream FlowDepth

do

(m)

FlowDepthAboveJumpd1

(m)

FlowDepthBelowJumpd3

(m)

FlowRate

Q(m3/s)

v1

TITLE : FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL AMENDMENT DATE : 17/05/2005

WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 17/05/2005

REVIEW NO : 1DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING

EDITION : 1

FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING PAGE NO : 3/51/5

4.0 EQUIPMENTS1. Self-contained Glass Sided Tilting Flume2. Adjustable Undershot Weir3. Instrument Carrier4. Hook and Point Gauge

3.0 THEORYIt can be shown that the resultant force on the gate is given by the equation,

. The gate thrust for a hydrostatic pressure

distribution is given by the equation, where, is resultant gate thrust (N),

is resultant hydrostatic thrust (N), is volume flowrate (m/s), is density of fluid (kg/m3),

gravitational constant (9.81m/s2), is breadth of gate (m), is height of upstream opening (m),

is upstream depth of flow (m) and is downstream depth of flow (m).

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMESAt the end of the course, students should be able to apply the knowledge and skills they havelearned to:a. Understand the basic terms and concept of a sluice gate.b. Understand on the characteristics of the force on a sluice gate.

1.0 OBJECTIVETo determine the relationship between upstream head and thrust on a sluice gate (undershot weir)for water flowing under the sluice gate.

PART B : THE FORCE ON A SLUICE GATE

TITLE : FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL AMENDMENT DATE : 17/05/2005

WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 17/05/2005

REVIEW NO : 1DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING

EDITION : 1

FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING PAGE NO : 4/51/5

6.0 RESULT AND CALCULATIONS

Weir breadth=………………………mm

Table 6.1: The force on the sluice gateWeir

Opening

(m)

UpstreamFlowDepth

(m)

DownstreamFlow Depth

(m)

FlowRate

(m3/s)

GateThrust

(N)

HydrosaticThrust

(N)

4. Repeat the procedure with a constant flow , allowing to vary. Record the values of

and .

5.0 PROCEDURES1. Ensure the flume is level, with the downstream tilting overshot weir at the bottom of its travel.

Measure and record the actual breadth (m) of the undershot weir. Install the undershot weirtowards the inlet end of the flume and ensure that it is securely clamped in position.

2. Adjust the undershot weir to set its bottom edge 20mm above the bed of the channel.3.

Introduce water into the flume until = 200mm. With at this position, take readings for

and . Raise the undershot weir in increments of 10mm, maintaining constant by varying

. At each level of the weir, record the values of , and .

TITLE : FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL AMENDMENT DATE : 17/05/2005

WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 17/05/2005

REVIEW NO : 1DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING

EDITION : 1

FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING PAGE NO :

5/5

1/5

Prepared by:WAN AFNIZAN WAN MOHAMED

Signature:

Date: 14 July 2008

Updated by:SABARIAH MUSA

Signature:

Date: 14 February 2014

7.0 QUESTIONS1.

Plot a graph of the ratio against the ratio .

2. Comment on the graph obtained.3.

Compare your calculated values for and and comment on any differences.

4. What is the effect of flowrate on the results obtained?

TITLE : FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL AMENDMENT DATE : 17/05/2005

WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 17/05/2005

REVIEW NO : 1DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING

EDITION : 1

FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING PAGE NO : 1/5