hydro energy hydroelectric, waves and tides. mechanical energy due to gravity hydropower from dams...
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Hydro EnergyHydroelectric, Waves and Tides
Mechanical Energy Due to gravity
Hydropower from dams Tides
Due to Waves Surface Currents Underwater Currents
Hydroelectric Power
Unlike steam powerplants, work instead of heat is directly available.
Animation
Equations
g.h (m/t) P.
hmgE
(W) watt as calculated isPower
(m) (head) fall ofheight h
)m/s (9.8constant nalgravitatio g
(kg/s) water of rate flow mass m/t
(kg) water of mass m
2
Power Production
Itaipu Hydroelectric power station with a capacity of 12,600 MWe is the largest power plant in the world.
Tidal Power
Newton’s Law of Gravitation
Tides
Gravity and centrifugal forces are in opposite directions
Spring and Neap Tides
Tidal Power Station
Tidal Power Stations The only operating
tidal power plant is in the Bay of Rance Estuary
Built in 1967 Power Production = 160
MW R=11.4 m; A=22 sq.km
Six other experimental tidal plants each generating less than 1 MW
Impact Advantages
Clean Renewable No waste Protecting coastlines against storm surge Water Recreation
Disadvantages Intermittent Disruption in local ecosystem (seabirds and
fish habitats
Energy From Waves
Wave Power Waves are characterized by their
wavelengths (length from crest to crest), amplitude (height from crest to trough), and period (time between two successive waves).
Average wavelength of waves is about 120 m. The maximum power a wave carries is about 100 kW/m in high seas, 60 kW/m around the Atlantic coasts of Europe and less than 20 kW/m off the southeast of the United States.
Surface and Deep Ocean Waves Surface waves are
neither longitudinal nor transverse.
surface waves undergo circular motions. The motion of particles tends to decrease as one proceeds further from the surface.
The Oscillating Water Column OSC works by forcing air
moving up and down in a closed column causing a turbine to turn.
As a wave enters the column, it increases the pressure within the column and forces air up the column past a turbine.
As the wave retreats, the air is drawn back past the turbine due to the reduced air pressure on the ocean side of turbine
Tapered Channel
Archimedes Wave Swing
Wave Ducks
Siting Near-shore vs. Off-shore
Efficiency Cost Noise Visual