hydro power plant prepared by: nimesh gajjar. introduction hydrology cycle.swf
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Hydro Power Plant
Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar
![Page 2: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
hydrology cycle.swf
![Page 3: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is hydro power?
• Water which is high up has gravitational potential energy• Energy is released when water falls• Hydro power takes this energy and converts it into something more useful
• Power: P = Q x m x g x H
• P: power, Watts• Q: flow rate, cubic metres per second• m: mass of falling water (1,000 kg per cubic metre for water)• g: acceleration due to gravity, 9.81 m/s/s• H: head, metres, height through which water falls
![Page 4: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Micro hydro_ how it works.mp4
![Page 6: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
How Hydropower Works! (ctd…)
• Water from the reservoir flows due to gravity to drive the turbine.
• Turbine is connected to a generator.
• Power generated is transmitted over power lines.
071_hydroelec_plnts.swf
![Page 7: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
HydroelectricDam.swf
genAnimation.swf
![Page 9: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Dam• A dam is a barrier which stores water and creates water head.
Function : Provide water head
Penstock:
• Open or closed conduits which carry water to turbines.• Made of reinforced concrete(low head < 30m) or steel (high head).
Function : To carry water from reservoir to turbine
Surge tank:It is small reservoir or tank (open at top) in which water raise or falls to reduce the pressure swings in the conduits. Location : Near the beginning of the conduit (penstock). Working :
Function : To limit abnormal pressure in the conduit
![Page 10: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Spill ways:
Function : Discharge surplus water from the storage reservoir into river on the down stream side of dam.
Forebay :
Function : Regulating reservoir storing water temporarily when load on the plant is reduced and provide water for initial increases on account of increasing load
Reservoir :
Function : Stores water during the rainy season and supplies the same during the dry season.
Tail race :
Function : Give free exit to water after doing its work in turbine.
Power House:
Located at the foot of the dam and near the storage reservoir.Function : Generation of electricity.
![Page 11: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Generator – Turbine assembly
![Page 14: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Impulse Turbine (Pelton)
Pelton wheel installation(source: http://www.acre.murdoch.edu.au/ago/hydro/hydro.html)
![Page 15: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Pelton Wheels
• Nozzles direct forceful streams of water against a series of spoon-shaped buckets mounted around the edge of a wheel.
• Each bucket reverses the flow of water and this impulse spins the turbine.
![Page 16: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Pelton Wheels (continued…)
• Suited for high head, low flow sites.
• The largest units can be up to 200 MW.
• Can operate with heads as small as 15 meters and as high as 1,800 meters.
![Page 17: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
B2.2.4 Hydropower system design Turbines: Pelton wheel
![Page 18: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Design of Pelton turbines
![Page 19: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Reaction Turbines
• Combined action of pressure and moving water.
• Runner placed directly in the water stream flowing over the blades rather than striking each individually.
• lower head and higher flows than compared with the impulse turbines.
![Page 20: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Reaction Turbine (Francis)
Francis turbine installation(source: http://www.acre.murdoch.edu.au/ago/hydro/hydro.html)
![Page 21: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Francis Turbines
• The inlet is spiral shaped.• Guide vanes direct the water
tangentially to the runner.• This radial flow acts on the
runner vanes, causing the runner to spin.
• The guide vanes (or wicket gate) may be adjustable to allow efficient turbine operation for a range of water flow conditions.
![Page 22: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Francis Turbines (continued…)
• Best suited for sites with high flows and low to medium head.
• Efficiency of 90%.• expensive to design,
manufacture and install, but operate for decades.
![Page 23: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Francis Turbine
![Page 24: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
B2.2.4 Hydropower system design Turbines: Francis
![Page 25: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Guide vanesGuide vanesGuide vanesGuide vanesGuide vanesGuide vanes
Runner inlet (Φ 0.870m)
Guide vane outlet for designα) (Φ 0.913m)
ClosedPosition
Max. Opening Position
![Page 26: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
R a d i a l v i e wrunner guide vanes and stay vanes
R a d i a l v i e wrunner guide vanes and stay vanes
R a d i a l v i e wrunner guide vanes and stay vanes
R a d i a l v i e wrunner guide vanes and stay vanes
R a d i a l v i e wrunner guide vanes and stay vanes
R a d i a l v i e wrunner guide vanes and stay vanes
R a d i a l v i e wrunner guide vanes and stay vanes
R a d i a l v i e wrunner guide vanes and stay vanes
R a d i a l v i e wrunner guide vanes and stay vanes
R a d i a l v i e wrunner guide vanes and stay vanes
R a d i a l v i e wrunner guide vanes and stay vanesR a d i a l v i e wrunner guide vanes and stay vanes
Water from spiral casing
Water particle
![Page 27: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Reaction Turbine (Kaplan)
Kaplan or propeller turbine installation(source: http://www.acre.murdoch.edu.au/ago/hydro/hydro.html)
![Page 28: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
B2.2.4 Hydropower system design Turbines: Kaplan (1913)
![Page 29: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Kaplan Turbine
![Page 30: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
B2.2.4 Hydropower system design Turbines: Kaplan
![Page 31: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
TURBINE HEAD IN METRES Kalpan 2<H<40 Francis 10<H<350 Pelton 50<H<1300
![Page 32: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Turbine vs head/flow
• Graphic showing turbine vs head and flo
![Page 33: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
The Indian Scenario
• The potential is about 84000 MW in the country.• Pumped storage sites have been found recently which leads to
a further addition of a maximum of 94000 MW.
• Annual yield is assessed to be about 420 billion units per year though with seasonal energy the value crosses600 billion mark.
• The possible installed capacity is around 150000 MW (Based on the report submitted by CEA to the Ministry of Power)
![Page 40: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Continued …
• The proportion of hydro power increased from 35% from the first five year plan to 46% in the third five year plan but has since then decreased continuously to 25% in 2001.
• The theoretical potential of small hydro power is 10071 MW.
• Currently about 17% of the potential is being harnessed • About 6.3% is still under construction.
![Page 41: Hydro Power Plant Prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar. Introduction hydrology cycle.swf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020320/56649db55503460f94aa65c9/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
• fullhydroelectric.swf
• Hydro.flv
• wmmed100.wmv