hydro ppt
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Anchit Raman III Year
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
K.I.E.T
Hydroelectricity Generation
![Page 2: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction1. INTRODUCTION 2. WATER WHEEL3. BASIC IDEA USED4. HYDRO POWER PLANTS5. HYDRAULIC TURBINES6. TURBINE SELECTION7. CLASSIFICATION OF HYDRO POWER SYSTEMS8. ESTIMATING AVAILABLE POWER9. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES10. FUTURE OF HYDRO POWER
![Page 3: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Water resourcePOWER GENERATION
METHODS-
1. COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS
2. NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
3. GEOTHERMAL POWER
4. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS
5. WIND POWER PLANTS
6. HYDRO POWER PLANTS
![Page 4: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
WATER WHEEL
![Page 5: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
TYPES OF WATER WHEELS
![Page 6: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
BASIC IDEA USED
The real key is the physical height difference achieved between source and sink.
Hydro power is a renewable resource since it is ultimately derived from sun.
Potential energy of falling water is converted into kinetic energy used to rotate turbine blades.
Turbine shaft transmits energy to electro-mechanical generators and thus hydro electricity is generated.
![Page 7: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
COMPONENTS OF HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
1. DAM
2. HEADGATE / INTAKE GATE
3. DE-SILTING TANK
4. WATER RESERVOIR
5. PENSTOCK
7. GENERATOR
6. HYDRAULIC TURBINES
8. POWER HOUSE
![Page 9: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
HYDRAULIC TURBINES
Impulse Turbines
Reaction Turbines
1.Pelton turbine2.Turgo turbine3.Michelle-Banki turbine
1.Francis turbine2.Kaplan turbine3.Gorlov turbine
![Page 10: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
PELTON TURBINES
1.The gravitational power energy of the water dammed becomes in kinetic energy.
2.The injector basically a nozzle throws the high speed water to the blades that are glued to the bun.
3. The water spurt transmits its kinetic energy to the bun, where it is transformed instantaneously into mechanical energy.
4. It can be equipped with multiple nozzles for higher output.
![Page 11: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
MULTIPLE NOZZLE PELTON TURBINE
![Page 12: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The edge that divides each bucket in two symmetrical parts cuts the water spurt, sectioning it in two laminae of fluid, theoretically of identical volume. This disposition allows resisting mutually the axial pushes that are originated in the bun.
![Page 13: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
KAPLAN TURBINE
![Page 14: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
1.The Kaplan turbine is an inward flow water reaction turbine whose design combines radial as well as axial features.
2.The Kaplan turbine is a helix turbine in which the blades of the bun turn itself when it is on.
3. Working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine.
4. Kaplan turbine is used for lower head applications.
WORKING OF KAPLAN TURBINE
![Page 15: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
FRANCIS TURBINE
![Page 16: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
1. The Francis turbine is one of the reaction turbines.
2. The radial flow causes the turn of the runner which is completely submerged in water.
3. Both the pressure and the velocity of water decrease from inlet to outlet.
4. The runner is provided with curved vanes upon which the water impinges.
5. Francis turbines is designed for a medium range of head.
WORKING OF FRANCIS TURBINE
![Page 17: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
TURBINE SELECTION ACC. TO RANGE OF HEAD
Hydraulic wheel turbine
Kaplan turbine
Francis turbine
Pelton turbine
Turgo turbine
0.2 < H < 4
2 < H < 40
10 < H < 350
50 < H < 1300
50 < H < 250
H = Head in meters
![Page 18: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
CLASSIFICATION OF HYDRO POWER SYSTEMS
Depending upon “the type of system”
Depending upon “power generated”
![Page 19: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
DEPENDING UPON TYPE OF SYSTEM
CONVENTIONAL / STORAGE TYPE
PUMPED STORAGE TYPE
RUN OF THE RIVER
![Page 20: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
CONVENTIONAL / STORAGE TYPE
![Page 21: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
PUMPED STORAGE TYPE
![Page 22: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
RUN OF THE RIVER TYPE
![Page 23: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
DEPENDING UPON “POWER GENERATED”
1.Big hydro station
2.Small hydro station
3.Micro hydro station
4.Pico hydro station
Greater than 30 MW
25-30 MW
Less than 1000 W
200-300 Watts
![Page 24: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ESTIMATING AVAILABLE HYDRO POWER
P = p h r g k
P is power in watts p is density of water h is height in meters r is flow rate in cubic meters per second g is acceleration due to gravity k is coefficient of efficiency ranging from 0 to 1.
![Page 25: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
ADVANTAGES OF HYDRO POWER
Technical benefits- long life span, less maintenance and no fuel cost.
Environmental benefits- renewable source, no green house gas emission
Flood migration through storage dams.
Social impact- improved standards of living, recreation spots, employment opportunity.
![Page 26: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
DISADVANTAGES OF HYDRO POWER
Disturbance to ecological system.
Adverse impact on Groundwater.
Transport of nutrients.
Population movements.
Dam breach- uncontrolled flooding.
Development of diseases due to bacteria growth in reservoir water.
![Page 27: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
INDIAN SCENARIO
INDIA is endowed with economically exploitable and viable hydro potential assessed to be about 1,48,701 MW installation capacity.
India is blessed with immense amount of hydro-electric potential and ranks 5th in terms of exploitable hydro-potential on global scenario.
In addition, 56 number of pumped storage projects have also been identified with probable installed capacity of 94 000 MW.
Hydro-potential from small, mini & micro schemes has been estimated as 6782 MW from 1512 sites.
![Page 28: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
FUTURE OF HYDRO POWER
The theoretical size of the worldwide hydro power is about four times greater than that which has been exploited at this time.
Small scale and low head hydro capacity will probably increase in the future as research on low head turbines.
Many small hydro electric sites were abandoned in the 1950's and 60's when the price of oil and coal was very low, and their environmental impacts unrealized. Increased fuel prices in the future could result in these facilities being refurbished.
Still the best way of power generation, serves long, no component loss due to ash deposition etc.
![Page 29: hydro ppt](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052213/54f9d33a4a795956048b4636/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Thank you so much…!!