hydrocarbon migration istvan csato university of south carolina department of geological sciences...
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Hydrocarbon MigrationHydrocarbon Migration
Istvan CsatoUniversity of South CarolinaDepartment of Geological Sciences
Petroleum Geology Class 745Spring 2002
)( owo
o
o
wo
gE
gradpgE
Hydrostatic condition:
Buoyancy
0w
ww
gradpgE
Capillary Pressure
)11
(2pt
crr
p Capillary pressure
)11
(2)(pt
oworr
gz Condition of migration
o
c
o
wo
gradpgradpgE
Migration
Critical height of oil stringer:
)(
)11
(2
ow
ptcg
rrz
oo lrrgradPc pt
)11
(2
sin
czl
l
)( owo
og
E
o
cow
oo
gradPgE
sin)(
Migration
Darcy’s law:
)( owo
oo gk
q
oq specific discharge [m/s]
ok permeability of the matrix [m2]
o viscosity of oil [kg/m/s]
oo nSk r 2
2
8 r mean radius of the rock pores [m]
tortuosityn porosity
oS oil saturation
Migration
Migration
Vertical flow:
qo=11.3 cm/year
Updip flow at 2o slope:
qo=0.4 cm/year
Hydrodynamic Conditions
Hydrodynamic Traps
Compaction
Overpressure
Origin of Fluid Flow
1. Restricted-compaction
2. Meteoric Water Recharge
)()( www vt
)( ePk
q
)()( 2e
ww P
k
t
wvq
BSPe
)1( rw zgzgS
gzB w][ f
Mass conservation equation:
Fluid flow equation (Darcy’s Law):
Fluid Flow Compaction
Fluid Flow - Compaction
Effective Stress - Porosity
Hydraulic fracturing
Primary and Secondary Migration as a functionof rock permeability
Primary Migration Secondary Migration
Migration and Accumulation
Migration from Shale to Sandstone
Migration from Shale to Sandstone
Migration through Fractures
Example
Origin of Fluid Flow
1. Restricted-compaction
2. Meteoric Water Recharge
Hydrodynamic Traps
Tilt of Oil-Water Contact