hydrodistension debate abas rashid
TRANSCRIPT
Adhesive Capsuli.s Debate:
Hydrodistension
Abbas Rashid FRCS (Tr&Orth) Wrigh;ngton Upper Limb Unit
Background History
‘painful s*ffening of the shoulder‘
Classifica;on & Epidemiology
• 2-‐ 5% of general popula.on • Up to 40% contralateral shoulder affected • Up to 20% of diabe.cs (Anton 1993; Lundberg 1969)
• Peak incidence between 40-‐60 years • women > men • ae.ology and pathophysiology poorly understood
‘presence of shoulder pain with restric*on of ac*ve and passive glenohumeral joint movements in at least two planes’
1872 Duplay Periarthrite scapulohumerale
1934 Codman Frozen Shoulder
1945 Nevaiser Adhesive capsuli;s
1949 Withers Involvement of subacromial bursa
1949 Simmonds Inelas.c fibrous .ssue
1952 DePalma muscular inac.vity
1952 Meulengracht Associa.on with Dupuytren’s
1962 Nevaiser Reduced joint volume
1970 Lundberg change in GAGs in affected shoulder
1972 Bridgeman Diabe;c associa;on
1985 Bunker Myofibroblasts, T3 collagen, few inflammatory cells
1989 Ozaki Thickened MGHL & RI
Natural History
1. painful phase: (2-‐9 months), insidious onset, diffuse severe pain, worse at night, inability to lie on affected side
2. s;ff phase: (4-‐12 months), s.ffness and severe loss of ROM, pain less pronounced but s.ll present par.cularly at end of ROM
3. recovery phase: (5-‐24 months) gradual return of ROM
• ?self limi.ng
• 1934: Codman ‘even the most protracted cases recover without
treatment in 2 years’
• improved Constant score with “supervised neglect” (Reeves 1975, Diercks & Stevens 2004)
• 2004: Dudikiewiczs
-‐ 40% : normal ROM + are pain free -‐ 45%: func.onal ROM but show residual symptoms -‐ 15%: persis.ng s.ffness with marked handicap
• Recurrence rare
Arthrodisten;on • Andren and Lundberg in 1965
-‐ injec.on of 20 ml contrast medium in theatre -‐ allowed to flow back into syringe -‐ Repeated un.l capsular rupture
• Blind, XR, US
• saline, LA, steroid, contrast and air (Ekelund 1992; Fareed 1989; Gavant 1994)
• disrupts adhesions → improved ROM (Gavant 1994)
• transient pain during and aier the procedure • pa.ent goes home
• safe
Cochrane Review 2006 • update of 1998 review • Previously no arthrodistension studies par%cipants • adults with FS • mixed popula.ons studies included if FS par.cipants were presented separately or > 90% of par.cipants in the study
interven%ons • Arthrodistension vs. placebo or other interven.ons
outcome measures • 1o outcomes: pain and func.on/disability assessment • 2o measures: ROM; severity; analgesic use; adverse events; .me to recovery or recurrence.
• November 1999 to November 2006
• Combined search terms: ‘adhesive capsuli.s’ and ‘arthrodistension’
1. The Cochrane Musculoskeletal Review Group Specialised Register 2. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) 3. MEDLINE (OVID) 4. EMBASE (embase.com) 5. CINAHL (OVID) 6. Reference lists in review ar.cles and trials retrieved 7. Personal communica.on with experts in the field
Results
Buchbinder 2004 • Arthrodistension vs. sham
• saline, LA, steroid • mean volume 43.3 ml (21 to 80 ml) • anterior approach with fluoroscopy • n=46 par.cipants
• 3 weeks + improvement : pain, PET, abduc.on, IR -‐ No difference in: FF, ER
• 6 weeks
+ improvement: PET • 12 weeks
+ improvement: PET
Khan 2006 • Arthrodistension & physio vs. physio
• Saline, steroid • 20 ml • posterior approach under fluoroscopy • N=36 par.cipant • 8 weeks
+ improvement: abduc.on, ER, IR -‐ no difference : pain
Gam 1998 • Arthrodistension vs. steroid injec%on
• LA + cor.costeroid • 20mls • posterior approach under ultrasound guidance • N=22
• General + improvement: ROM, analgesic requirement -‐ no difference: pain or func.on
Results
Corbeil 1992 • Arthrodistension vs. steroid injec%on
• LA and cor.costeroid • 20ml • repeated weekly up to 6 weeks or un.l no symptoms • posterior approach under fluoroscopy • N=45 par.cipants
• 3 months -‐ no difference in : pain, passive abduc.on, ER
Jacobs 1991 • 3 arm trial • 10mls: steroid, air • 9mls: air • three .mes at 6weekly intervals • posterior landmarks • N=47
• Arthrodistension (steroid & air) vs. steroid injec%on • 16 weeks
-‐ no difference: ROM, pain • Arthrodistension (steroid & air) vs. arthrodistension
(air) • 16 weeks
+ improvement: FF • -‐ no difference : Abduc.on
• Arthrodistension (air) vs. steroid injec%on • 16 weeks
-‐ FF & Abduc.on in injec.on group -‐ no difference: ER
Discussion
Methodological Problems • few trials
• small pa.ent numbers
• criteria to define frozen shoulder
• different regimens
• different outcome measures
• varying repor.ng of results
→ data extrac.on and pooling of results
Adverse Effects • Pain during procedure (Buchbinder 2004,)
• Pain aier procedure (Buchbinder 2004, Gam 1998)
• Claustrophobia (Buchbinder 2004)
• Fluid noises (Buchbinder 2004)
• Facial flushing (Jacobs 1991)
• CVA (Jacobs1991)
• Nb -‐ no difference in total number of adverse events between groups
Recent Evidence
Clement 2013 • efficacy of arthrodistension in diabe.cs
• prospec.ve cohort study • N=51 pa.ents (12 diabe.cs:39 non-‐diabe.cs) with 53
frozen shoulders
• OSS, VAS, ROM: 2 days, 1 month • OSS, VAS: mean of 14 months (range 8-‐26 months).
• 1 month + ROM improved (p < 0.001)
• Final f/u + OSS improved (p < 0.001) + VAS improved (p < 0.001)
• outcome in diabe.c pa.ents the same
! effec.ve in diabe.c pa.ents ! gives long-‐term improvement ! low number of pa.ents requiring secondary procedure
Bae et al. 2014 • US-‐guided ant approach vs. XR-‐guided post approach
• RCT • N=54
• XR: 5ml LA, 5ml contrast, 1ml steroid, 9ml saline • US: 5ml LA, 1ml steroid, 14ml saline • Physiotherapy • f/u: 1 week, 5 weeks, 9 weeks
• No difference: SPADI, VNS, PROM, and hand power
! Less radia.on ! ?cost analysis ! Both approaches efficate
Recent Evidence
Koh 2012 • capsule-‐preserving arthrodistension
• case series • N=18 • 3 distensions (saline, steroid) at 1-‐month intervals • monitored using real-‐.me pressure-‐volume curves
• S.ffness decreased • Max joint volume increased at each distension. • Pressure at max volume capacity o decreased (P = .662)
• clinical parameters at 1 month (P < .05 for all)
! Chages biomechanical proper.es of joint capsule ! improved Rom and pain
Elleuch 2008 • long-‐term efficacy
• RCT • N=60 • arthrodistension vs. rehabilita.on)
• 1 week Improvement in: pain, FF, Abduc.on, ER, CS
• 1 year
-‐ gain persisted in a sta.s.cally significant manner for all func.onal parameters and all SF-‐36 dimensions ! Benefit maintained at a year
Conclusion ! minimal harm
! may shorten dura.on of symptoms
! may be of value in pa.ent groups with high incidence of adhesive capsuli.s
! ?benefits due to steroid, capsular distension or both
! Cannot draw firm conclusions
! Further well-‐designed trials needed
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