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NTIS #PB96-1 29119 SSC-385 A Hydrodynamic Impact on Displacement Ship Hulls An Assessment of the State of the Art ~ Bibliography This rkwument has been approved for public relesse and sal% its distribution is unlimited SHIP STRUCTURE COMMITTEE 1995

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Page 1: HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT LOADIN ON SHIPS

NTIS #PB96-1 29119

SSC-385 A

Hydrodynamic Impact onDisplacement Ship Hulls

An Assessment of the State of the Art ~

Bibliography

This rkwument has been approvedfor public relesse and sal% its

distribution is unlimited

SHIP STRUCTURE COMMITTEE

1995

Page 2: HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT LOADIN ON SHIPS

SSC-385A Hydrodynamic Impact on Displacement Ship Hulls-Bibliography Ship Structure Committee 1995

Page 3: HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT LOADIN ON SHIPS

SHIP sTRrJcTUR=oMfVflTTEF

The SHIP STRUCTURE COMMllTEE is constituted to prosecute a research program to improve the hull structures of ships and othermarine structures by an extension of knowledge pertaining to design, materials, and methds of construction.

RADM J. C. Card, USCG (Chairman)Chief, ~ce of Marine Safety, Security

and Environmental ProtectionU.S. Coast Guard

Mr. Thomas H. Peirce Mr. Edwin B. SchimlerMarine Research and Development

Dr. Donatd liuPasociate Administrator for Ship- Senior Vice President

Coordinator building and Technology Development Ameriw Bureau of ShippingTransportation Development Center Maritime AdministrationTransport Canada

Mr. Robert McMarthy Mr. Thomas Connors Dr. Ross GrahmDirector, Survivability and Structural Acting Director of Engineering (N7) Head, Hydronauti= SectionIntegrity Group (SEA 03P) Military Sealift Command Defence Research Establishment-Atlantic

Naval Sea Systems Command

FXFCUT~VIECTOR CONTRACT ING OFFICFR TFCHN CAII RFPRESFN AT1T VE

CDR Stephen E. Sharpe, USCG Mr. William J. SiekierkaU.S. Coast Guard Naval Sea Systems Command

SH 1P STRU CTURESUBCOMMllTE E

The SHIP STRUCTURE SUBCOMMllTEE acts for the Ship Str~cture Committee on technical matters by providing technicalcoordination for determinating the goals and objectives of the program and by evaluating and interpreting the results in terms ofstructural design, construction, and operation.

MILITARY SEALIFT COMMAND

Mr. Robert E. Van Jones (Chairman)Mr. Rickard A. AndersonMr. Michael W. ToumaMr. Jeffrey E. Beach

AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING

Mr. Glenn AsheMr. John F. ConIonMr. Phillip G. RynnMr. William Hanzelek

MARITIME ADMINISTRATION

Mr. Frederick SeiboldMr. Richard P. VoelkerMr. Chao H. LinDr. Wafter M. Maclean

NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND

Mr. W. Thorn= PackardMr. Charles L NullMr. Edward KadalaMr. Allen H. Engle

U. S. COAST GUARD

CAPT Geur~e WrightMr. Walter LincolnMr. Rubin Sheinberg

TRANSPORT CANADA

Mr. John GrinsteadMr. Ian BaylyMr. David L_ StccksMr. Peter Tlmonin

DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT ATIANTIC

Dr. Neil PeggLCDFi Stephen GibsonDr. Roger HollingsheadMr. John Porter

SHIP STRUCTURE SUBCOMMllTEE LIAISON MEMBERS

SOCIEWOF NAV~MARINE ENGINEERS

Dr. William Sandberg

CANADA CENTRE FOR MINERALS ANDY TECHNOLOG IFS

Dr. William R, Tyson

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES -MARINE BOARD

Dr, Robert Slelski

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES -~!s

~1 S NAVAL ACADEMY WFI fllNG RFSFARCH COUNCIIDr. Ramswar Bhattacharyya Dr. Martin Prager

U. S. MFHCIIA NT MARINF ACADFMYDr. C. B. Kim

M~w INSTIMr. Afexander D. Wilson

U. S. COAST GUARII ACAD EMY OFFICE OF NAVAL RESFAR CHLCDR Bruce R. Mustain Dr. Yapa D. S. Rajapaske

Y.s mCHNICAI AIIIVSORY GROUP TO ~ZAT:ON

MA=ACHUSFITS INS ITUTF OF TF tlNOl ~T c GY~

CAPT Charles Piersall CAPT Alan J. Brown

STUDENT MEMBERMr. Jason MillerMassachusetts Institute of Technology

Page 4: HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT LOADIN ON SHIPS

Member Agencies:

American Bureau Of ShippingDe fence FZ6seamh Ek%blishment Aflantic

Maritime AdministrationMilita Sealift Command

zNav&Y Sea ystems CommandTkmport Canada

United States Coast Guard

~ c .Addr= Correspondence to:

Executive Director

ShipShip Structure CommitteeU.S. Coast Guard (G-MMEYsSC)

Structure2100 Seccnd Street, S.W.Washin ton, D.C. 205S3-0001

CommitteePh:(202~267-OOO3Fax(202)267-4916

An Interagency Advisory ‘i-–-x’ --bull lllllllee SSC-385SR-1342

2 January 1996

HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT ON DISPLACEMENT SHIP HULLS

The ability of the naval architect to optimize the structuraldesign of a ship is limited by both our understanding of, and our

ability to predict hydrodynamic loads. In addition to having toaccount for the random nature of wave induced loads, transientloadings such as slamming, wave slap and frontal impacts mustalso be addressed. Failure to account for these impulsive loadsand how best to combine these loads with ever present slowvarying wave induced loads can result in, at best, reduced shipOperational time and, at worst, catastrophic failure.

In order to address these concerns, a critical review of thestate of the art in predicting hydrodynamic impact forces hasbeen completed. This report identifies numerous theories ofhydrodynamic impact loading that have been developed over theyears by many researchers. These theories are evaluated toidentify which are most applicable for use in design with examplecalculations presented. Recommendations for future research aregiven.

4!2%sRear Admi&l, U.S. Coast Guard

Chairman, Ship Structure Committee

Page 5: HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT LOADIN ON SHIPS
Page 6: HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT LOADIN ON SHIPS

Technical R*port Documentation Page

1. Raport No. 2. Government Accsssion No. 3. R*cipiontis Catalog No.

SSC-385 PB96-129119

4. Titl* and $ubtitlg S. R~pert Daia

HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT LOADING ON 15 April 1995DISPLACEMENT SHIP HULLS 6. Pgrfoming Organization Code

– BIBLIOGRAPHY -8. Porfermin90rgani zation Raport Na.

7“ ‘“’her’s) John C. Daidola, Victor Mishkevichand Anthony Rromwell SR-1342

9. Porfarmin9 0r9mization Namomd Address 10. Wark Unit No. (TRAIS)

M. ROSENBLATT & SON, INC.350 Broadway 11. Contract or Grant No.

New York, NY 10013 DTCG23-92–C–EO1O8813.TYP*of R*porfond Period Cover-d

!12. SPan~arinU AOoncYNamm *d Add,*s~

SHIP STRUCTURE COMMITTEE .U. S. COAST GUARD I Final Report I2100 Second Street, S.W. Ii.$ponseting A@rncy Cod=

Washington, D.C. 20592 G-MIS.Supplementary NOT*S

Sponsored by the Ship Structure Committee. Jointly funded by itsmember agencies.

16. Abstract

This bibliography was formulated during the development of theShip Structure Committee report: Hydrodynamic Impact Loading onDisplacement Ship Hulls, An Assessment of the State of the Art, byDr . John C. Daidola and Dr. Victor Mishkevich.

The report provides a comprehensive assessment of the state ofthe art of hydrodynamic impact loading on displacement ship hulls.The subject is considered in light of the three distinct phenomena ofslamming, wave slap, and frontal impact. Factors leading to hydro-dynamic impact are defined in terms of environmental and vesselcharacteristics. The theories of impact are reviewed in sub-categories of two and three dimensional analytical hydrodynamicmodels, hydroelastic models, seakeeping theory, model tests and fullscale data. The techniques and procedures identified which lendthemselves to analysis and potential design application areidentified and described, the characteristics of each summarized, andexample calculations relating the techni-ques and procedures presented.The report concludes with recommendations for future research.

!17. Koy Words lE. Distribution Statm.ntHydrodynamic Impact, Slamming, Distribution unlimited, available from:Displacement Ships, Seakeeping, National Technical Information ServiceWave Slap, Frontal Impact, Theory, U.S. Department of CommerceHyd.roelastic, Model Tests, Springfield, VA 22151Full Scale

1

19. S*cutity Clqssif, (of*iz r-port) I 20. S~suritY Classic. (ofthis page) i 21. No. of Pq,i 1 22. Pric*

$27.00 PaperUnclassified Unclassified 126 $12.50 Micro

Form DOT F1700.7 (8-72) R-production of compl~tod page authori xed

iii

Page 7: HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT LOADIN ON SHIPS

Nlsr -$!l%iis?ik,wtfnltedstmmoepMtn&rltolcommca

METRIC CONVERSION CARDApproximate Conversions to Metric Measures

@—‘—

Symbol When You Know Multiply by To Find Symbol $-

LENGTHin inches 2.5 centimeter cm ~ft feet 30 centimete~yd

cm —yards 0.9 meters

mim ~~

miles 1.6 kilometers km=

AREAin2 Scplam inches 6.5 square centimeter cm z —fi2 square feet 0.09 square meters m Z =ydz squareyards 0.8 squaremeters m I ~m~2 square miles 2.6 square kilometers kml M ~

acres 0.4 hectares ha ~MASS (weight)

Oz ounces 28Ib 0.45 &&s

g=pounds kg ~short tons 0.9 metric~on(2000 lb)

t~U=

VOLUMEtsp teaspoons 5 mWitem mL~7J:p tablespoons 15 milliliters mL~

cubic inches 16 mil.lilitem n-IL ~ffoz fluid ounces 30 milliliter mL —zc cups 0,24 liters L *===pt pints 0.47 liters L~qt quarts 0.95 liters L~@ gallons 3.8 litersft3

L=cubic feet 0.03 cubic meters m 3 —_

yd 3 cubic yards 0.76 cubic meters m 3 ~

TEMPERATURE (exact) Ul~“F degrees subtract 32, degrees *C ~

Fahrenheit multiply by 5P Celsius

ApproximateCoxiversionsfromMetricMeasures

Symbol When You Know Multiply by To Find Symbol

IJ3~G711‘, mm millimeters 0.04 inches in

cm centimeters 0.4 inches in.m meters 3,3 feet ft

m metem 1.1 yardskm kilometms 0.6 miles

ydmi

AREAcm2 square centimeters 0.16 square inches in2rn2 square meters 1.2 square yards @2

: ~2 SqUW Idometem ~.j square miles mi 2

ha hedams acres(10,000mz)

MASS (weight).. 0.035 ounces

[g l%&asnsOz

2.2 pounds Ill,t metric ton 1J short tons

(1,000 kg)

VOLUMEmL milliliter 0,03 fluid ounces fl Oz

~ “ rnL milliliters 0,06 cubic “inches~ in3~AGO’ L liters 2.1 pints

.L literspt

~ 1.06 quarts qt~~A L liters 0.26 gallons gal

m3 cubic meters 35 cubic feet fi3

~3 cubic meters 1.3~ cubic yards~-

~dj

~tu TEMPERATURE (exact)~~ “c degrees multiply by 9/5, degrees *F~~A—w Celsius~ add 32 Fahrenheit

~A~h -40

.*C-20 (1 20 37 60 80 100

~ ! ! I I !. . I I I [ 1 1 I

~- F -40 0~tn

32 80 98.6 160 212

water freezes body temperature water Ml Is

Page 8: HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT LOADIN ON SHIPS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ,

Page

Acknowledgement

Introduction

Abbreviations

Specialization Identifier Codes

Bibliography

vi

vii

...Vm

ix

1

v

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors wish to thank the SSC Project Technical Committee for its guidanceduring the conduct of this study.

At M. Rosenblatt & Soq Inc., Messrs. Anthony Bromwell and ChristopherReyling contributed to the technical effort. Mrs. Evelyn Goodman painstakingly preparedthe text allowing for the authors’ indulgences.

Several references and literature sources were provided by Dr. Alfred T-Senior Engineer, American Bureau of Shipping; Dr. Ephraim Suhir, Member of TechnicalStaff, AT&T Bell Laboratories; Dr. Vladimir Ankudinov, Vice-Presiden$ Designers andPlanners, Inc.; and Mrs. Leslie Mitchell, Administrative Assistant Science ApplicationsInternational Corporation. The authors appreciate helpful suggestions provided by Dr. P.Kapkq Chairrnq Hydromechtics, Inc.; Mr. D. Lavis, Chief Executive Officer, Band,Lavis and Assoc., Inc.; Prof. Armin Troesc~ IJniversi@ of Michigan; and the Survey’ofRussian / Soviet Studies results and data on hydrodynamic load estimation by Drs. O.Rabinovitch, Dr. Rostovtsev and I. Stepanov at the St. Petersburg State Marine TechnicalUniversity, St. Petersburg, Russia.

vi

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INTRODUCTION

This Bibliography was formulated during the development of the Ship StructureCommittee report: Hydrodynamic Impact Loading on Displacement Ship Hulls, AnAssessment of the State of the Art, by John C. Daidola and Victor Mishkevich.

The report provides a comprehensive assessment of the state of the art ofhydrodynamic impact loading on displacement ship hulls. The subject is considered inlight of the three distinct phenomena of slarnrning, wave slap and frontal impact. Factorsleading to hydrodynamic impact are defied in terms of environmental and vesselcharacteristics. The theories of impact are reviewed in sub-categories of two and threedimensional analytical hydrodynamic models, hydroelastic models, seakeeping theory,model tests and W scale data. The. techniques and procedures identified which lendthemselves to analysis and potential design application are identified, describe~ thecharacteristics of each summarized and example calculations relating the techniques andprocedures presented. The report concludes with recommendations for future research.

The Bibliography is arranged in alphabetical order by author. Three keyidentifiers are provided indicating the specialization of the reference including type ofhydrodynamic impact, format of approach and nature of the data. These have beenprovided only for those publications actually reviewed in the conduct of the study of theaforementioned report.

A list of abbreviations utilized in the Bibliography is provided as well.

vii

Page 11: HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT LOADIN ON SHIPS

AINAAMM

APIAPL/JHUARDEASCEASMEASNEATMABARCBCFBISIBMTBSRACAHICALTCH/CITCASOCOECOSATICTsDDCDIADODDOEDONDOTDTMB/DTRCDTSRDCEIEPAESLGSUIAeScIESSIMEIsoscISPIsscJAPJASJFI

American Institute of Aeronautics & AeronauticsArctic Institute of North AmericaJournal of Applied Mathematics and MechanicsArgonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IllinoisAmerican Petroleum InstituteApplied Physics Laborato~/John.s Hopkins Universi~Armament Research and Development EstablishmentAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAmerican Society of Mechanical EngineersAnerican Society of Naval EngineersAssociation Technique Maritime et Aeronautique, ParisBritish Aeronautical Research CouncilBureau of Commercial FisheriesBritish Iron and Steel Industry TranslationBritish Maritime Teclmo@yBritish Ship Research AssociationCentral Aero-Hydrodynamic Institute, Moscow

California Institute of TechnologyCouncil of American Steamship OperatorsCorps of Engineers, U.S. ArmyCommittee on Scientific and Technical InformationConsolidated Translation SurveyDefense Documentation CenterDefense Intelligence AgencyDepartment of DefenseDepartment of EnergyDepartment of NavyDepartment of TransportationDavid Taylor Model Basin/David Taylor Research CenterDavid Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development CenterEngineering IndexEnvironmental Protection AgencyEngineering Societies LibrmyThe Gorky State UniversityInstitute of Aeronautical Sciences, New YorkTransactions of the Institute of Engineers and Shipbuilders in ScotlandInstitute of Mechanical EngineersInternational Ship and Offshore Structures CongressInternational Shipbuilding ProgressProceedings of International Ship Structures CongressJournal of Applies PhysicsJournal of Aerospace SciencesJournal of the Franklin Institute

Page 12: HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT LOADIN ON SHIPS

ABBREVIATIONS (Cent’d)

JPRSJSRJSTGJZKJSCSRIKhsuKSSL

MarAdMFGMIc

MR&sMRISMSU

NACANAENASNASANBsNECIESNCNMINMRCNOAANOI)CNOICNOONOTS

NSINSMBNSRDCNSSCNTIcNTIsPMMRINASCASITDL/ETTSNJQ

Joint Publications Research ServiceJournal of Ship Research, SNAMEJahrbuch der SchifEbautechnischen Gesellsch~ HamburgJournal of Zosen Kyokai (The Society of Naval Architects of Japan)The Krylov Central Scientific Research InstituteThe Kharkov State UniversityThe Krylov Scientific SocietylaingradMaritime Administration Research and DevelopmentMaritime A@tratio~ DOTMechanics of Fluid and Gas JournalMaritime Infmrnation Committee - National Research ServiceMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyM. Rosenblatt & Son, Inc., New York, NYMaritime Research Information ServiceThe Moskow State UniversityMaritime Technical Information FacilityMaritime Transportation Research BoardNational Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Now NASANational Academy of EngineeringNational Academy of SciencesNational Aeronautics and Space Administratio~ formerly NACANational Bureau of StandardsTrans of the Northeast Coast Inst. of Engrs. and ShipbuildersNaval Intelligence Cormnand HeadquartersNational Maritime InstituteNational Maritime Research CenterNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNavy Oceanographic Data CenterNavy Oceanographic Instrumentation CenterNaval Oceanographic OfficeU.S. Naval Ordnance Test Statio~ China Lake, CANaval Research LaboratoryThe Nikolaev Shipbuilding InstituteNetherlands Ship Model BasinNaval Ship Research and Development CenterNaval Ship Systems CommandNational Technical Information CenterNational Technical Information ServiceApplied Mathematics and Mechanics (U.S.S.R.)Royal Institute of Naval ArchitectsShipbuilders Council of AmericaStevens Institute of Technology, Davidson Laboratory, Hoboke& NJSociety of Naval Architects of Japan

i 2:

Page 13: HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT LOADIN ON SHIPS

.,.

ABBREVIATIONS (Cent’d)

SNAMESscSSIESWRITRISUCBERUCLLLUOFMUSCGUSCGAUSCGRDUSNASCWEBB/WINAWJSNAZAMM

Society of Naval Architects and Marine EngineersShip Structures Committee, USCGSmithsonian Science Information ExchangeSouth West Research Institute, San Antonio, TXTransportation Research Information Service, NASUniversity of California, BerkeleyUniversity of Californi~ Ikvrence Livermore Laborato~University of Michigan, Ann ArborUnited States Coast GuardUnited States Coast Guard AcademyUnited States Coast Guard Research and DevelopmentUnited States Naval Air Systems CommandWebb Institute of Naval Architecture, Glen Cove, NYWest Japan Society of Naval ArchitectsZeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik

Page 14: HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT LOADIN ON SHIPS

,.,

Identifier #1:

Identifier #2:

SPECIALIZATION IDENTIFIER CODES

Type of Hydrodynamic Impact

BS = Bottom S1ammingFI = Frontal ImpactWs = Wave SlapIL = Impact LoadingTH = Twin Hull

Format of Approach

TP = Theoretical Progress / DevelopmentER = Experimental ResearchCH = Case HistoriesDR = Design Research

Identifier #3: Nature of Data

AM = Analytical ModelER = Experimental ResearchAE= Analytical -VS-Experimental

xi

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Num&er Description

1 Abramovich, S.N.Investigation of llon~inear Iiydrodynamic Forces Acting on a Ship t!ul 1 in the Process ofPitchingTransactions of the Kry(ov Scientific Research Institute, v. 2591970

2

3

4

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10

Abramvich, S.M.Spactral Conpound Calculation Hethod for Hydrodynamic Loads on a Ship Moving in IrregularUavasW&Thesis, Laningrsd, 223 p.

Abramson, H. N.; Bass, R. L.; Fa[tinsen, O.; Olsen, H.A.Liquid Slosh in LNG Carrters.Synp on Maval Hydrodynamics, Tenth, Of fica of Maval Research1974, June 24-28.

Abramson, H. N.; Dalzell, J.F.Hydrodynamics of Shfp S(anming.SURI, Ssn Antonio, TX,1963, September.

Achtarides, T.A.Plastic Design of Plate Panels for Ice Strengthening and S[anmingSthWE, Neu Eng Land Sect f on1972, Septtir

Adams, J.L.SW Notes on Damage to Ships.NEC, No. 45, w4OO-41O,1929.

Aertssen, G.An Estinwte of Uhicaing Vibration Stress Based on Slanrninq Data of Four ShiDsInternational Shi@ilding Progress1979, February

Aertsaen, G.oeck Uetness and Ship EfficiencyInternational Shipbuilding Prograss,!9??, December

Aertssen, G.Laboring of Ships in Rough Seas withSHAME Dianmnd Jubilee Int’t Mtg,1968, June.

Aertssen, G.

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Reduced Draught at Sea: Its Problems.Trans. North East Cosst Institution of Engineers ati shi@uikfers, Vo~me 93, No. 4,1977, March

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Page 17: HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT LOADIN ON SHIPS

Ntier Description @/J

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12

14

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20

Aertssen, G.; Delanbre, R.A Survey of Vibratfon DaWing Forces Found From Slamning Experiments on Four Ships.NECIES, Transactions, Vol. 87, Ho. 3,1971.

Aertaaen. G.; van S[uya, M.F.Service Performance and Seakeeping Triats on a Large Container$hip.Trans. of Royal Inst. of Naval Architecture, v.1161974.

Akita, Y.; Ochi, M.1(.Investigations on the Strength of Ships Going In Uaves By Hodel Experinwnts.JZK, Rpts 1-3, No. 95,96,97; or SNAklE,1955.

Akita, Y.; Ochi, M.K.Model Experinwnts On The Strength of Ships Moving In Uaves.SilAME, Transactions, Vot. 63, pp 203-236,1955.

Aksu, S.; Price, U. G.; Suhrbier, K. R.: Temsrel, P.Comparative Study of the Dynamic Behavior of a Fast Patrol Boat Traveling in Rough Seas.~a~ne Structuresf v.6, N5-6

Aksu, S.; Price, U. G.; Tamarel, P.A Three Dimensional Theory of Ship Slamning in Irregular Obiique SeauayAdvances in Marine Structures - 2 Elsevier Applied Science, PP 208-2291991

Aksu, S.; Price, U. G.; Temarel, P.Comparison of Tu&Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Hvdroe{asticity Theories Including theEffect of S{amning.Proc. of the Institution of hlechanical Engineera, Part C: Mechanical Engineering Science,v.205, NI1991

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Alexarder, H.C.; Herbich, J. B.; Kettleborough, C.F.Wave Force Prediction By CoqMter Simulation.Civil Engineering in the Oceans IV, Proceedings,3979, September.

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J.R.for Determining Structural Design Limit Pressures on High Performance

Marine Vehicle Conference,

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555 Kurata, K.; Ijms, T.Finite Element Ans[ysis of Wave Forces on Structures.Civi L Engineering in the Oceans IV, Proceedings,1979, September.

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947 Tick, L.J.Certain Probebilitles Associated ~ith Bou Submergence and Ship Slamming in~~:~E,J~~, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp30-36, Engineering Statistics Group, New York

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959 Troesch, A. U.; Kang, C.G.Evaluation of Irpact Loads Associated with Flare Stanming.SMAME, 13th STAR Syn-positsn, PP 117, MT IF-01 /26588-A8,1988, Juna.

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970 UnknounExperiments on Destroyer Model Moving in Regular Waves.

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UnknounFull-Scale Pressure Distribution Measurements of M/V S.J. Cert.lJSRDC, MRIS-23 190236,1979, Dacembar.

UnknownFull-Scale Slam Investigation.Payne, Inc., Annapolfa, MD, M!tIS-21 148176,1977, May.

UnknownGas Transprt Ueathera LNG Tanker Storm.Noroil, Volune 7, No. 21980.

UnknownHandbook on Ship Strengthv.3, Section V, L, Sudprangiz1960.

UnknownHydrodynamic Loading Distribution on a Model of a llOFt. UFB Istand Class Patrol BoatOperating in Head Seas.USCGRD, SITDL Rpt 9-2584,1987, August.

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UnknownLoads Criteria FuIL Scale Uet Deck Panel Inwact Test Report, Votune 1.

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UnknownNSRDC Ship-Motion and Sea-Load Computer Program Manual.NSRDC, MRIS-098500, NT IS-AD-AO08335/2GA,1975, February.

UnknomMumerical Prediction of Wave Loads and Response Motions of Offshore Structures.MM1, Rpt 56, MRIs-20 303W2, NSFI-18504,1979, May.

UnknonnOn The Stress Distritition Of Ships At the Slamming Speed.Transportation Technica L Research Inst. Rpt,1956.

UnknounPrediction of Impact Pressures,Meva[ Surface Ueaps Center,1977, January.

Unknonn

Fortes, and Momenta During Vertical Oblique Uater Entry.

Preliminary Study of Smooth Uater Impact Theory of Chfnes-Dry warped Surface.King Engineering, USMASC, SITDL Rpt 9-1374, Proprietary Oist.1969, February ---

UnknounPressure Distribution Model Tests in WavesSSC, SR-1271, MRIS-20 1902321979, December.

UnknounProbebi(istic Prediction of Uave Loads.Science and Technology of Harbin Ship Engineering Inst’1980.

UnknownShip Behavior At Sea: Lectures on Mew Oeve[opnents & BiSITDL,1961.

tute, Mo. 3,

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Nunber Description

991 UnknonnSimulation of the Sea ad Analog C~tation of the Forces on a Ship in Waves.Reed Research, Rpt RR-1458-H,1959, November.

992

993

994

995

996

997

998

999

1000

UnknownS[am Situations: An Application of Cqressible Fluid Dynamics.wl#~:/2086-A9,

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UnknounSlamming of High Performance Marine Vehic(es.NSEC, Ilyattsville MD, Rpt No. 6136-73-32,1973.

UnknownSynposiun on Inpact Tasting of Meta[s.Philide[phis Socfaty for Testing & MateriaLs,1969.

UnknonnTank Experiment On A Hydroplane Model.Transportation Technical Research Inst. Report,1960.

UnknownThe Force of I~act on A Sphere Striking a Uater Surface.Appli A Panel Rpt 42.1 R. AMG-NUY No. 105,1945.

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UnknownUave and Ice Impact Loading ard Response of Ocean StructuresMIT, Rpt MITSG 85-201985, August.

UnknownUave Forces on Of fahora Structures.NRCC, MRIS-20190153,1979, April.

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1001 UnknownHave Induced HUI1 Vibrations: An Experimental and Theoretical StudySNAME. JSR. No.141

1002

1003

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1005

1006

1007

1008

1009

1010

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UnknounUave [ncfucedProc. of the1986

Unknonn

Loading in WarshipsAchniralty Research Establishment, Sunfermline, Fife, Scotland

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UnknownUave Loads~~. 4th Int’s SYKQ on Practicai Design of Ships and Mobile Units, MTIF-07/10536-A2

Ushij ima, M.; Aikawa, N.; Matauyams, M; Hashimoto, K.on the Strength of Bottmn Forward Structure Against Stanrning.Trans. HJ SNA, No. 591980, March.

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Van Gunsteren, F.F.Some Further Calculation of Uave Induced Ship Hull Vibrations.Int/1 Synp. Dynamics of Marine Vehicles and Structures in Uaves.1974, Aprit.

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1o11 Van S[uijs, M.F.Ship Relative Motions and ReLated PhenomenaSymposium on the Dynamics of Marine VehiclesLondon1974, Apri (.

Van Sluijs, M. F.; Tan, S.G.

1014

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Verhagen, J.H. G.The Impact of a FLat Plate on a Uater Surface.SNAME, JSR, Vol. 11, MO. 41967, Decerher

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Von Karman, T.Calculation of the Pressure Distritition on Airship Hu[ls.U.S. Experimental Model Basin (MB), SITDL TR 1856,1930, March.

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1022

1023

Ntmber Descr i Dt i on

1021 Von Karman, T.The Impsct on Seaplane Floats During Lmding.MACA, Tech Plots 321, SITDL TR 1854,1929, oCtOber .

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1024

1025

1026

1027

1028

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1031

Uachnik, Z.G.USS Miduav (CVA-41 ) Model Studv of Uave Irmact Loads on Appendages.NSRDC Rpt-No. HML-0114-H-02, -1968, January.

Uagner, 1!.Irpact Forces at Uater Entry.8th Underrater Bali istlcs Conference, Proceedings,1950.

Uagner, H.Landing of Sea P[anes.NI+CA Tech. tie-m 622, SITDL TR 21017931, May.

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Uahab, R.; Baitis, A.E.Hydrodynamic S[amrning on a Large Sonar Dane Fitted a DL-2 Oestroyer.MSRDC,1968, Movhr.

Uahab, R.; Pritchett, C.; Ruth, L.On the Behavior of the ASR Catamaran in UavesMarina Technology1971, July.

Uahab, R.; Stijmman, J.J.Observations Made on Board Dutch ships, Part 3: Behavior of Victory Ships.HSMB1967, Decerber.

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Uahl, G.Seaworthiness Oata, Visual ObservationsSwedish State Shiplwf lding Experimenta~1979.

and Ful 1 Scale MeasurementsTank, Goteborg, Ftefwt No. 2076-2 (Swedish)

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1033 Uaktwrura, S.; et alHydrodynamic Inpsct Pressure Acting onJournal of the Kansai Society of Naval1976, June.

ES TP AMUalker, U.F.Slam loading For Use in HuLL Girder Respmse Ana(yais.MIT, MRIS-21 131204,1976, January.

1035 TPWang, K. H.; Chwang, A.T.Ilordinear Free-Surface Flow Arourd an Inpulsive Moving Cylirwier.SNAME, JSR, VO[.194,1989, Septarbarm

1036 Wang, X. C.; !iuang, Z. J.; Hsiung, C.C.Appl Icat ion of the Flux Vector Splitting Methd to Capture Shock Uaves and Ca(culatePressure in Ship S(anrning.20th Symposiun on Wval Hydrodynamics, Santa Barbara1994, August.

1037 iJang, X. M., SpauldingA Two-D imenaiona[ Potential FLOW Model of the Uave Field Generated by a SemisubmersibleBody in Heaving MotionJSR-1988, June

1038 Uard, L.U.f4athod for Estimating Impact Forces on Ship Appendages.Bureau of Shipa, SITDL Rpt 9-0616,1956, Decarr&ar.

0S, FI 1P

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1040 Uarner, T.C.Uatar on Deck in Snwl( Vessa Ls.Ship& Boat Intarnationa(, Volume 36, No.. 7/81983, July/August

1041 Watanabe, E.; Hori, M.A St@ on the Uhipping Vibration of Tankers Oue to Slamning InpactHitsubiahi Heavy Industries Technica( Revie~, Vo(una 14, No. 21977.

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1042

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Uatanabe, I,; Tanizaua, K.; Saweda, It.And~~rvation of Bottmm Impact Phenomene by Means of High SWed Video and Transparent

.Journal of Sot. Nav. Arch. of Japan, N 1641966, Dacember

IL TP AM1043 Watanabe, I.Analytical Expression of Hydrodynamic Impact Prasaure by Matched Asymptotic ExpansionTechnique.UJSMAT. Journal, Ho. 71.1986, March.

Watanabe, I.Effects of theSNAJ, Journal,19W3.

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.

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1051 BS ERUatanabe, 1; Tanazawa, K.; Sawada, H.An Observation of Bottmn Impact Phenomena by Means of High Speed Video ard Transparent ModelJourna[ of Sot. Nav. Arch. of Japan, Vol. 1641986, December

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Uatkinsr R. M.; Ba(es, N.K.Seakeeping Characteristic of a U.S. Coast Guard Mediun Endurance Cutter (bMEC).NSRDC1976, August.

Uatson, J. A.; HaydenOvervie~ of Coast Guard Plan Review for High-Tech Ship DesignMarine Technology1990, January

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Uheaton, J.U.Further Ana Lysia of SLarmning Oata From the S.S. UolverineSSC-255, MTIS-AD-A021339/9ST,1976.

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Nunber Description

1062 Uhitehead, R.E.Theoretical Prediction Technique for Lateral Hydrodynamic Loads on Sidewal Ls of SurfaceEffect Ships.IJSUDC, Ffpt No. 4766,1975, Dacember.

1063

1064

1065

1066

1067

1068

1069

1070

1071

Uhftmen, A. M.; Pancione, M.C.Similitude Re[at ion for FLat-P(ate Hydrodynamic [npect.SMAME, JSR,1973, March.

Ulerzbicki; ChryssostomidisRupture Ana lysfs of Ship Plating Due to Hydrodynamic c Uave Inpact.SNAME, Sympas iun,?984, October.

Uisnieuaki, Z.Inf Luence of Sloshing in Cargo Tanka on the Strength of Tankers. Part 11Budounictwo Okretowe, No. 1 (Po[ish)1978

Uo~k, H. L.; Tauber, J.F.hlan~s Performance Degradation Ouring Sim[ated Snwl I Boat Stamning.W3RDC, Report No. 42341974, January.

Yagle, R.A.Experimental Investigation of Green Sea loadings on Oeckhouse Gecmetry for Destroyer-TypeMode t.University of Michigan, Department of Nava( Architecture ad Marine Engineering, AnnArLm, M[, Report Ho. 08193-1-F1968, Oecenber.

Yamanmto, T.; Nath, J. H.; Stotta, 1.S.Wave Forces on Cylinders Near Plane Soutiary.ASCE, Uateruays, Harbors & Coastai Engineering Oivision, Journal, Vet. 100, No. 4, PP345-359, MRIS-084590,1974, Novem&er.

Yamemoto, Y.Structure-Fluid Interaction Probtema for a ship Among Uaves.Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Tokyo, Japan,1980.

Yamamto, Y.; Fujino, M.; et alDisastrous Damage of a Bu(k Carrier Due to SLarnningJournai of Sot. Nav. Arch. of Japan1983

Yamsmmto, Y.; Fujino, M.; FukasaMa, T.Motion and Longit~inal Strength of a Ship in Head Sea ard Effects of Non-l inearitys. (lst,2rd, 3rd Reports) (Japenesa)Journal, Society of Maval Architects of Japan, Vol. 143 (1978), Vo[. 144 (1978), Vol 145(1979) (Also Maval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Vol. 18, 1980).

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1072

loi3

1074

1075

1076

1077

1078

1079

1080

Descri Dt ion

Yamamoto, Y.; Fujino, M.; Fukasawa, T.; Ohtsubo, H.Slmrning ard Uhipping of Ships Among Rough SeasProceedings of EUROMECH Colioquirn Nmericat Analysis of the Dynamics of Ship Structures,Paris1979, September 3-5.

Yamemoto, Y.; Fukasawa, T.; Arai, M.; Kajita, E.~o#f#?ar Effects for Ship Motions in Heavy Seas.

198; .

Yamemoto, Y.; Iida, K.; Fukasawa, T.; Murakami, T.; Arai, f4.; Ando, M.Structural Omage Analysis of a Fast Ship Due to Bou FLare Sianrning.International Shipbuilding Progress, v. 32, No. 369, pp. 124-136.1985.

Yamammto, Y.; Ohtsubo, H.; Takacfa, Y.; Fukasawa, T.Structural Failure of a Small Cargo Veaaet Among Rough Seas.SSC/SNAME Extreme Loads Response Synpos{um, Ar{ington, VA1981, October.

Yamamoto, Y.; Ohtsubo, H.; Takada, Y.; Fukasaua, T.; Murakami, T.slamming Response and Structural Fai Lure of a Small Cargo Vessel Ist Report - Stamning inRough Seas.Journa( of Society of Naval Architects of Japan, Volum? 149 (Japanese)1981

Yamaimto, Y.; Sugai, K.Wave Loads And Responsa Of Ships And Offshore Structures FrcmI The Viewpoint OfHydroelasticity.Advances in Marine Structures, ARE, Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland, BMT-71 .367,1986, Hay.

Yeh, H.Y.Power and Motion Studies for a D)(/D)(G Ship In Uaves With ard Uithout SQS-26 Sonar Dome.NSRDC, Rpt NO. HML-c-0250-H-02,1868, October.

Yeung, R.U.Numerical Methods in Free-Surface Flous.Annual Revieu on fluid Mechanics, v.141982

Yihaz, o.Calculation of Uava Forces on a Tanker.Univ. Glssgow; Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering Rpt No. NAOE-90-22,BMT -90092216,1990, May.

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Page 123: HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT LOADIN ON SHIPS

Ntir Description

1081 Yim, B.Nunerical Solution for Two-Dimensiona~ Hedge Slamming uith

1082

1083

1084

1085

1086

1087

1088

1089

1090

Condition.4th Int’1 Conf. Numerica[ Ship Hydrodymemics, Proceedings,NMRC-ll/2086-A8 (IWO),1985,

a Nonlinear Free

Washington D. C.,

Yuhara. T.Funda~ntal Study of Wave Inpct Loads on Ship Bows, 3rd Report:SNAJ, Journat,1975.

Surface

Zapalsky, V.V.Determination of Hydrodymmic Loads on Hutl of High Speed Vessel.A(i Union Scientific Conference on Cargo Ships and Floating Structures Strength, L, p.69-701986.

Zarnick, E.E.Prediction of SWATH Cross-Structure Slam Pressure.NSRDC, Bethesda MD, MTIF-01/8095,1991.

Zhang, Q.; Li, S.; Zheng, L.Dynamic Response, Buckling and Collapsing of Elastic-Plastic Straight Columns Under AxialSolid-Fluid Siamning Ccmpreaaion.intern. Journal of solids and Structures, VO[.29, N31992

Zhao, R.; Feltinsen, O.S[amrning Loads on High Speed Vassels.0NN2Sympasiun, Norwegian Institute of Technoioly, Trondheim, Norway,

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Zhao, R.; Fa[tinsen, O.Water Entry of Two-Dimensional Bodies.Journal of Fluid Mechanica, v. 2461993

Zhidko, A.A.Results of Solving the Equations Describing Impact Against the Bottom Flat of a High-SpeedShip.Gorky Polytechnical Institute, USSR,1970.

Zie(inski, T.E.User Manual for Program SCOMOT Secord Part of USCG Ship Motion ProgramHoffman Maritime Consultants, Inc., Glen Head, MY1981, February.

Zubaty, R.B.An Evaluation of Fu[l-Sca(e Wave Loads.SNAME, T&R Bul(etin,1981, January.

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Page 124: HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT LOADIN ON SHIPS

Number Description

1091 Zuhsty, R.B.Dynamic Loadings Due to Waves ard Shi D Hot Ions

1092

SiJAME197S, October.

Zukas, J. A.; et alInpact ilynamica.Wiley& Son, Inc.,1982.

tieu York, NY,

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April 15, 1995Page: 109

Page 125: HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT LOADIN ON SHIPS

PROJECT TECHNICAL COMMITTEE MEMBERS

The following persons were members of the committee that represented the Ship StructureCommittee to the Contractor as resident subject matter experts. As such they performedtechnieal review of the initial proposals to select the contractor, advised the contractor incognizant matters pertaining to the contract of which the agencies were aware, and performedtechnical review of the work in progress and edited the final report.

Mr.AlanEngle

Dr. Walter Maclean

Mr. James White

Mr. Richard Dai

Dr.$ubrataChakrabard

Mr. Raymond Ng

Mr. William Siekierka

Dr. Robert SielskiMr. Alex Stavavoy

Cdr. Steve Sharpe

Naval Sea Systems Command

U.S. Merchant Marine Academy

U.S. Coast Guard

U.S. Coast Guard

Chicago Bridge and Iron

American Bureau of Shipping

Naval Sea Systems Command,Contracting Offi=r’sTechnical Representative

National Academy of Sciemce,Marine Board Liaison

U.S. Coast Guard, Executive DirectorShip Structure Committee

Page 126: HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT LOADIN ON SHIPS

COMMllTEE ON MARINE STRUCTURES

Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems

National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council

The COMMllTEE ON MARINE STRUCTURES has technical cognizance over the

interagency Ship Structure Committee’s research program.

John Landes, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN

Howard M. Bunch, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml

Bruce G. Collipp, Marine Engineering Consultant, Houston, TX

Dale G. Karr, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml

Andrew Kendrick, NKF Services, Montreal, Quebec

John Niedzwecki, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX

Barbara A. Shaw, Chairman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA

Robert Sielski, National Research Council, Washington, DC

Stephen E. Sharpe, Ship Structure Committee, Washington, DC

DESIGN WORK GROUP

John Niedzwecki, Chairman, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX

Bilal Ayyub, University of MaWland, College Park, MD

Ovide J. Davis, Pascagoula, MS

Maria Celia Ximenes, Chevron Shipping Co., San Francisco, CA

MATERIALS WORK GROUP

Barbara A. Shaw, Chairman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA

David P. Edmonds, Edison Welding Institute, Columbus, OH

John F. McIntyre, Advanced Polymer Sciences, Avon, OH

Harold S. Reemsnyder, Bethlehem Steel Corp., Bethlehem, PA

Bruce R. Somers, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA

Page 127: HYDRODYNAMIC IMPACT LOADIN ON SHIPS

RECENT SHIP STRUCTURE COMMITTEE PUBLICATIONS

SSC-386

SSC-385

SSC-384

SSC-383

SSC-382

SSC-381

SSC-380

SSC-379

SSC-378

SSC-377

SSC-376

SSC-375

SSC-374

SSG373

SSC-372

SSC-371

SSC-370

SSC-369

Ship Structure Committee Publications - A Special Bibliography

Ship’s Maintenance Proiect R. Bea, E. Cramer, R. Schulte-Strauthaus, R.Mayoss, K. Gallion, K. Ma, R. Holzman, L. Demsetz 1995

Hvdrodvnamic Impact on Displacement Ship Hulls -An Assessment ofthe State of the Art J. Daidola, V. Mishkevich 1995

Post-Yield Strenqth of Icebreakinq Ship Structural Members C.DesRochers, J. Crocker, R. Kumar, D. Brennan, B. Dick, S. Lantos 1995

Optimum Weld-Metal Strermth for Hiqh Strenqth Steel Structures R.Dexter and M. Ferrell 1995

Reexamination of Desian Criteria for Stiffened Plate Panels by D. Ghoseand N. Nappi 1995

Residual Strermth of Damaqed Marine Structures by C. Wiernicki, D.Ghose, N. Nappi 1995

Ship Structural Inteqritv Information System by R. Schulte-Strathaus,B. Bea 1995

Improved Ship Hull Structural Details Relative to Fatiq~by K. Stambaugh, F. Lawrence and S. Dimitriakis 1994

The Role of Human Error in Desian, Construction and Reliability ofMarine Structures by R. Bea 1994

Hull Structural Concepts For Improved Producibility by J. Daidola,J. Parente, and W. Robinson 1994

Ice Load Impact Studv on the NSF R/V Nathanial B. Palmer by J. St.John and P. Minnick 1995

Uncertainty in Stren@h Models for Marine Structures by O. Hughes,E. Nikolaidis, B. Ayyub, G. White, P. Hess 1994

Effect of Hiqh Strenqth Steels on Strenath Considerations of Desiqn andConstruction Details of Ships by R. Heyburn and D. Riker 1994

Loads and Load Combinations by A. Mansour and A. Thayamballi 1994

Maintenance of Marine Structures: A State of the Art Summary . byS. Hutchinson and R. Bea 1993

Establishment of a Uniform Format for Data Reportinq of StructuralMaterial Properties for Reliability Analysis by N. Pussegoda, L. Malik,and A. Dinovitzer 1993

Underwater Repair Procedures for Ship Hulls (Fatique and Ductilitv ofUnderwater Wet Welds] by K. Grubbs and C. Zanis 1993

Reduction of S-N Curves for Ship Structural Details by K. Stambaugh,D. Lesson, F. Lawrence, C-Y. Hou, and G. Banas 1993