hydrogen purity and moisture monitoring in hydrogen · pdf filehydrogen purity and moisture...
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![Page 1: Hydrogen Purity and Moisture Monitoring In Hydrogen · PDF fileHydrogen Purity and Moisture Monitoring in Hydrogen Cooled Generators Michael Hicks Utility Product Specialist Environment](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011800/5aae28877f8b9a59478bb02f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Hydrogen Purity and Moisture Monitoring in
Hydrogen Cooled Generators
Michael Hicks
Utility Product Specialist
Environment One Corporation
April 16-17, 2013
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Overview
SAFETY • INCREASED EFFICIENCY • RISK MITIGATION
• Hydrogen as a cooling medium
• Importance of purity monitoring
• Dew point monitoring
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Hydrogen Cooled Generators
• First H2 cooled generators became operational in late 1930’s
• Larger generators require more efficient cooling methods
• Helium too costly compared to H2
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Why Hydrogen?
• Less windage / frictional losses
• Better heat transfer characteristics
• More megawatts per pound of iron
• Lower moisture levels
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Why Hydrogen?
• 14 times more efficient at removing heat than air
• Relative density is 4 times less than air
• Approximately 90% lighter than air
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Cooling Medium Characteristics
Cooling Medium Molecular Weight Specific Heat
Capacity
Density
Air 28.95 1.00 1.00
Hydrogen 2.02 14.30 0.07
Hydrogen @ 30 psig 14.30 0.21
Hydrogen @ 45 psig 14.30 0.26
Water 4.18 1000.00
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Additional Benefits
• Sealed environment: prevents contamination
• Pressurized vessel: suppresses partial discharge and increases level of voltage required to breakdown components
• Is not an oxidizing agent
• Pure hydrogen: will not support combustion
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Typical Shaft Seal
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The hydrogen dilemma …
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… the morning after.
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Gas Purity Monitoring
• Why do we monitor hydrogen purity?
– Safety, explosive range 4 to 75% H2 in air
– Most explosive at 13% H2 in air
– Efficiency
• Performed during gassing, de-gassing and normal operation of the generator
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Hydrogen Purity and Efficiency
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Typical Generator Arrangement
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Methods of Measuring Gas Purity
• Manometer
• Gas density blower
• Thermal conductivity
• Vibrating element
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Considerations
• Accuracy, stability, ranges and redundancy
• Sampling location, filtering and flows
• Area classification, form of protection
– Different countries have different specifications
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Why Monitor Dew Point?
• Component and insulation failure
• Efficiency
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Increased Dew Point
• Could support insulation failure (electrical tracking)
• Corrosive effects
– Retaining rings — most highly stressed mechanical component in the generator
• Cyclic generator operation
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Retaining Ring Failure
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Shorted Turns
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Mixture Density
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Where Does Moisture Come From?
• Primary source — seal oil and seals
• Hydrogen coolers
• Stator cooling water (clip leaks)
• Thermal cycling of generator
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Methods of Monitoring Dew Point
• Ceramic
• Silicon based
• Aluminum oxide
• Chilled mirror
• Measuring a change in the electrical properties
– Capacitance, resistance or impedance
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Considerations
• Accuracy, stability, pressure compensation, ranges
• Effects of temperature, pressure
• Sampling location, filtering, flows
• Area classification, form of protection
– Different countries have different specifications
![Page 24: Hydrogen Purity and Moisture Monitoring In Hydrogen · PDF fileHydrogen Purity and Moisture Monitoring in Hydrogen Cooled Generators Michael Hicks Utility Product Specialist Environment](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011800/5aae28877f8b9a59478bb02f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Summary
• Hydrogen as a cooling medium
• Importance of purity monitoring
• Dew point monitoring
SAFETY • INCREASED EFFICIENCY • RISK MITIGATION
![Page 25: Hydrogen Purity and Moisture Monitoring In Hydrogen · PDF fileHydrogen Purity and Moisture Monitoring in Hydrogen Cooled Generators Michael Hicks Utility Product Specialist Environment](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011800/5aae28877f8b9a59478bb02f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
THANK YOU
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