hydrogeologic investigationi background data review: the impact of

HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONIBACKGROUND DATA REVIEW:

THE IMPACT OF SAND AND GRAVEL MININGON GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

AUGUST 12,1988

Presented By:

BCI GEONETICS, INC.

Airport RoadP.O. Box 529Laconia, NH 03247

r

I. INTRODUCTION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No,

1

II. INFORMATION SOURCES 1

A) Literature Research 1

B) Case Studies - Impact of Sand and Gravel Mining 51) Dover, New Hampshire 52) Dayton, Ohio 63) Bonded Concrete, Rotterdam, New York 6

III. NEW HAMPSHIRE GROUNDWATER SUPPLIES - A STUDY 7OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF SAND AND GRAVELMINING ON MUNICIPAL WELLS

A) Geographic Location Review 7

B) Water Superintendent Interviews 8

IV. GROUNDWATER QUALITY INVESTIGATIONS RELATIVE 9TO NEW HAMPSHIRE WATER SUPPLIES

A) Selection of Municipal Wells Proximal to 9Mining Operations for Analysis

B) Water Quality Results 101) Primary Drinking Water Standards 102) Secondary Drinking Water Standards 11

a) Iron 11b) Manganese 12c) pH 12d) Other Secondary Standards 12

V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 13

&CI GEONETICS. INC.

· HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION/BACKGROUND DATA REVIEW

THE IMPACT OF SAND AND GRAVEL MININGON GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

August 12, 1988

I. INTRODUCTION

BCI has completed a Hydrogeologic Investigation of the impact of sand and gravelmining on groundwater resources. The intent of this investigation was to evaluate whetheror not the excavation of gravel above and below the water table has or has not beendetrimental to groundwater quality and quantity. BCl's work was based on acomprehensive systematic review of eXisting studies and data that would provide scientificevidence for either scenario.

This study was divided into three parts which include the following:

1) A comprehensive scientific literature review to identify any previouslycompleted hydrogeologic research related to the impacts of gravel mining ongroundwater resources.

2) A review of interviews conducted with 40 Water Superintendents who managegroundwater resources in New Hampshire which are proximal to gravelmining activities.

3) An investigation of the impacts that gravel mining has had on New Hampshiremunicipal groundwater supplies.

II. INFORMATION SOURCES

A) Uterature Research

In order to minimize the redundancy of completing work that may have already beenaccomplished elsewhere, this project began with a systematic computer library search ofavailable documents related to gravel mining and groundwater resources. Since we did notanticipate discovering substantial local research that was relevant to this project'sconcerns, we expanded our computer search service to cover both national andinternational data bases.

QCI GEONETICS, INC.

Sources of information used in this investigation includes the following:

1) United States Soil Conservation Service (SCS)

2) NERAC. Inc.NERAC. Inc. is a NASA-sponsored technology transfer service established in.1966 to provide American industry access to technical and businessinformation drawn from NASA and other government agencies, as well asprofessional and academic organizations worldwide. NERAC is the world'slargest university- based computerized information retrieval center and hasone of the most complete document retrieval and forwarding servicesavailable. Through NERAC's services. BCI obtains reports, periodicals,conference papers, annual reports, product literature, and test reports, as wellas U.S. and foreign patent information, from major libraries and informationcenters worldwide.

3) National Ground Water Information Center (NGWIC)The National Ground Water Information Center Data Base. Ground Water Online (GWOL) is a computerized bibliographic data retrieval service operatedby the National Water Well Association. Users of GWOL can design andconduct customized searches of over 50,000 documents pertaining togroundwater and related fields. Indexed documents include trade andtechnical journals and newsletters. significant books. and governmentdocuments. with special emphasis on EPA project reports. State publications,university reports. and proceedings of national and international conferencesand symposia are also cited.

4) U.S. Bureau of Mines

5) United States Geological Survey (USGS)

6) State groundwater and mining regulatory agencies in New Hampshire,Massachusetts. New York. Maine. Connecticut. Vermont. and Ohio.

Only fifteen documents were identified through these computerized data basesearches that were related to impacts of gravel mining on groundwater resources.Appendix I lists the identified reference materials BCI had available for review. We foundrelatively few documents which describe observed hydrogeologic impacts on groundwaterrelated to active gravel mining operation. Many references focus primarily on the use of

aCI GEONETICS. INC.

gravel pits after operations have ceased. Furthermore, we found no scientificdocumentation containing evidence that the activity of mining cravel above or below thewateriable was detrimental to an underlving aquifer,

The following provides a brief description/summary of several of the most reievantdocuments.

Landberg, J., 1982, Hydrogeologic Consequences of Excavating Gravel Pits Belowthe Water Table in Glaciofluvial Deposits.

This paper, submitted as a doctoral thesis in Sweden, represents a fairlycomprehensive study on the relationship between gravel pit lakes and groundwater withrespect to impacts on groundwater flow, Landberg developed a mathematical mcdel cf thegroundwater budget for gravel pit lakes based upon two shape factors which relate thegeometry of the lake to horizontal and vertical groundwater flow, Combining this model withthe specific hydrogeological characteristics of each site. the groundwater inflow and outflowof gravel pit lakes was estimated. Hydrogeologic data collection included the emplacer;;emof monitoring wells which documented the effects on groundwater gradients,

Landberg suggested that a possible effect of a gravel pit lake on the hydrologicsystem would be the modification of the groundwater gradient. He had gatheredinformation from German studies that indicated that a bUild-up of sediment developed alongthe down-gradient margin of such lakes, thus resulting in the raising and lowering of theweter table on the downstream and upstream margins of the lake, respectively, In Sweden,however, he could not document any significant sediment build-up even on 25 year-oldgravel pit lakes. Landberg attributes this to the high permeability of the sediments in hisstudy area. His work concludes that the impacts on groundwater gradients in gravel pitexcavations in permeable sand and gravel deposits (common to most aggregateexcavation operations) is likely to be negligible.

Svedarsky, W. Daniel, Crawford, Richard D., eds, 1982, Wildlife values of gravel pits'symposium proceedings, June 24-26, 1982.

The symposium proceedings describes numerous examples and approaches to theu1ilization of gravel pit lakes as a wildlife refuge. This pUblication serves as an invaluablesource of information on all aspects of wildlife development in gravel pit ponds and lakescreated by gravel mining activity. In Gustav Swanson's summary of the symposium hestates,

BCI GEONETICS, INC.

•,

Page 4

"sand and gravel mining is a temporary land use. When the aggregate has beenmined, the area will simply be abandoned or put to some other use. Theabandonment, so usual in earlier days occurs much less often today because somany states and local governments have reclamation requirements. Our interest atthis meeting is that the potential for fish and wildlife, being the "other use: shall berecognized and considered."

Gustav Swanson goes on to say,

"For a bit of historical perspective we must go to Britain where they have accurateinformation on the sand and gravel industry as early as the last century. The wildlifevalues of gravel pits were widely recognized rather suddenly in 1931 when anationwide census of the rare and spectacular Great Crested Grebe revealed thatmany of them were using gravel pits. Later that same decade the first nestingrecord for Britain of the Little Ringed Plover was at a gravel pit. The latest census ofthese two exceptionally interesting species showed 22% of the Great CrestedGrebes and 70% of the Little Ringed Plover inhabiting gravel pits. It is clear that theavailability of the gravel pits has contributed substantially to the increase of thesetwo species."

"Thus, the British experience with gravel pits as wildlife habitat, both managed andunmanaged, is much longer than ours here in the States, so it is fortunate for us thatDr. Tydeman could be here to describe it to us. His description of the sequence ofevents in Britain is helpful, because we, a few decades later, will be going throughthe same general sequence and we should be able to learn from their experience."

"The four phases which Tydeman recognized in Britain's historical sequence are justas applicable here: First is ignorance of the value of pits to wildlife, then awareness,then conflict, and finally cooperation. We are still largely in the ignorance phase, andwe hope that this symposium will help bring us along to the awareness phase so thatprogress can be accelerated."

This symposium had thirty-six papers submitted related to the positive impacts thatgravel pits had on wildlife development. Gustav Swanson summarized and lists sixteenmanagement recommendations for maximizing wildlife development in gravel pit lakes andgravel pit excavations.

&CI GEONETICS, INC.

Mulamoottil, A. and Robert Farvolden, 1975, Planning for the rehabitation of gravelpits, Water Resources Bulletin, Vol. 11, No.3, pp 599-604.

A paper by Mulamoottil and Farvolden (1975) indicates that no variation in naturalgroundwater flow rates or the total water budget were detected as a result of the creation ofgravel pit lakes.

Karn, Richard W., 1977, Reclamation of open-pit quarries for multiple uses, Journalof Urban Planning and Development Division, Vol. 103, No. UP1, pp 127-135.

Karn (1977) provides examples of former gravel operations being used as artificialgroundwater recharge zones. One water district has been using artificial recharge for 30years and plans to expand the operation.

B) Case Studies - Impacts of Sand and Gravel Mining

BCl's data research also identified several undocumented case histories of miningactivities and their impact on groundwater resources.

1) Dover, New Hampshire

A municipal well field in Dover, New Hampshire, depends on the artificial rechargecaused by a nearby sand and gravel wash operation to supply the necessary water forextraction. When the sand and gravel mining and wash operation shut down for a period ofyears, one of the wells dewatered to a point where no more water could be extractedwithout damaging the pump. After operations at the wash operation started up again,artificial recharge increased the water available to the wells, thus increasing potential wellyields. As a result of the wells' dependency on the sand and gravel wash operation forrecharge, the City of Dover now artificially recharges the aquifer when the sand and gravelmining operation is not operating.

To date, the water quality in the well field is excellent, with no indication that the sandand gravel operation on which the weils depend has degraded the groundwater quality inanyway.

QCI GEONETICS, INC.

2) Dayton, Ohio

The City of Dayton, Ohio enhances the total capacity of its well field considerablythrough artificial recharge via surface water bodies created by excavating sand and gravelresources (personal communication, Mr. Ben Parquette, Dayton Water Department, 1988).The total potential yield of the well field exceeds 100 million gallons per day from 53 wells.In addition, American Aggregates Corporation has excavated over 350 acres of lakes in orproximal to the Dayton, Ohio well field, creating a multiple-use facility for recreation andgroundwater recharge (personal communication, Gary Johnson, American Aggregates,1988). A quote from a report concerning the Dayton, Ohio, Mad River Well Field states that"The construction of man-made lakes, ponds, and aqueduct systems has caused morethan a two fold increase in available quantity of water, while generally not compromising thequality of the water supply," (Bonded Concrete, 1987).

The operation of the well field begins with the diversion of water from the Mad Riverinto a series of ponds excavated by sand and gravel mining operations. The water isnaturally cleansed as it infiltrates through the sand and gravel, and it is then removedthrough a series of wells for treatment (the water is treated for hardness, because of thenaturally high concentration of calcium and magnesium) and eventual consumption. Gravelmining has occurred since the 1920's in and around the Dayton, Ohio well field with nodetrimental impact on water quality. In fact, regular dredging of the ponds to remove siltsdeposited by the diverted surface water is accomplished while the well field is in operationwith no evidence of water quality degradation.

Ordinarily, the specific yield of a sand and gravel aquifer is around 0.20 or 20% ofthe volume of the subsurface material that is available to store water. The creation of anopen water body allows 100% of that volume to be used for water storage therebyincreasing the specific yield of the aquifer. A review of the historical performance of theDayton well field clearly illustrates that the creation of ponds and lakes, via gravel mining,has provided the City of Dayton with positive benefits by increasing the groundwaterwithdrawal capacity of the aquifer.

3) Bonded Concrete, Rotterdam, NY

Bonded Concrete, Inc. of Watervliet, New York, operates a sand and gravel mine inRotterdam, New York, near the Mohawk River. They have conducted a detailedhydrogeologic investigation on the impact of the operation on nearby wells, with specialemphasis on the impacts of gravel mining on water quantity and quality relative to the

- &CI GEONETICS, INC.

expansion of a pond (Bonded Concrete, 198?). The results of their study demonstrate thatthe expansion of the pond will increase the flow rate through the aquifer in the vicinity of thewell by 130 to 250 percent. This is a significant expansion of the capacity of the aquifer toprovide water to pumping wells.

The geometry of the aquifer and the location of the pumping well causes water fromthe Mohawk River to flow into the aquifer. This increases the availability of water, but alsorepresents the introduction of relatively dirty surface water into the aquifer. The study byBonded Concrete (198?) indicates that the natural filtering capacity of the sands andgravels left in place is sufficient to purify any water which is entering the operation from theMohawk River, even though there is a decreased filtering capacity caused by the removalof the excavated material. The creation of a lake within the aquifer minimizes theconcentration of harmful micro-organisms because they are not likely to survive in thephysical and chemical setting of a gravel pit lake. Those that do exist are filtered by theremaining material, so that the lake-aquifer system acts as a double filter system whichacts to purify aquifer water better than the natural cover which was previously in place(Bonded Concrete, 198?).

4} For Ossipee Aggregates facility, Ossipee, New Hampshire, see Appendix III.

III} New Hampshire Groundwater Supplies -- A Study of PotentialImpacts of Sand and Gravel Mining on Municipal Wells

A} Geographic Location Review

In order to determine the geographic relationship between New Hampshire sand andgravel excavations and New Hampshire public supply wells a thorough map review wasundertaken. Latitude and longitude data for public supply wells were taken from ReferenceNo. 1*. These well location data were then plotted on to 1:24.000 scale U.S. GeologicalSurvey Topographic Maps. These maps were reviewed to determine the number of sandand gravel excavations within a one half mile radius of the wellhead. The resufts of thisreview are summarized below.

* 232 Public Supply wells were identified comprising ?4 water supply systems.There are a total of 116 water supply systems in the state.

* There are 91 wells with one or more gravel excavations within a one half mileradius.

·Reference NO.1: New Hampshire Water Supply and Pollution Control Commission, 1983, Pubfic WaterSupplies Facifities and Policy Summary, Concord, New Hampshire

• There are 28 wells with one or more gravel excavations within a 1000 footradius.

There are 17 wells with one or more gravel excavations within a 500 footradius.

• 41 of the 63 topographic quadrangie maps utilized were updated between1978 and 1987.

• 29 of the 63 topographic quadrangle maps utilized were updated between1984 and 1987.

Given the age of the data utilized in this analysis these statistics are fairlyrepresentative. However, many of the newer operations are not highlighted on topographicmaps and some of the older ones are developed or have been reclaimed with vegetation.Because the number of public supply wells has increased since 1983 and the number ofnew gravel excavation locations has also increased, the number of wells proximal to gravelexcavations is likely to be greaterthan the statistics above indicate.

B) Water Superintendent Interviews

In order to gain some perspective on this issue from the water suppliers point ofview, seventy-four (74) water systems were identified for contact by reviewing ReferenceNo.1. The identified water systems were listed as having one or more wells. Of theseventy-four systems identified, forty (40) water superintendents were contacted and askedthe following questions:

• Do you know of any active or inactive gravel mining operations within one-halfmile of your well(s)?

• Do you know of any water quality trends in your well(s) that you think may beattributable to sand and gravel mining operations?

• Do you feel that sand and gravel mining may have a detrimental impact ongroundwater quality?

A summary of the statements made by the New Hampshire Water Superintendentsduring the interview are included below:

• There are a total of 110 wells that are part of the 40 water systems contacted(some of the wells are part of a well field).

BCI GEONETICS, INC.

• 34 of the 110 wells were reported to have an active or abandoned graveloperation within a one-half mile radius.

• No water superintendents reported any water quality trends that theyattributed to impacts from sand and gravel operations.

• 5 water superintendents feel that sand and gravel min:::g operations maypose a threat to groundwater quality - with particular concem about on-siteoperation practices.

• One water superintendent was concerned with the potential for groundwaterquantity reductions from sand and gravel mining operations.

IV. GROUNDWATER QUALITY INVESTIGATIONS RELATIVE TO NEWHAMPSHIRE MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLIES

Water quality data for 18 gravel-packed or naturally- developed gravel municipalwells located within 1000 feet of an active or abandoned gravel mining operation wereobtained from the State of New Hampshire. Department of Environmental Services. Ourreview of this information, along with the histories of the mining operations, was performedin an attempt to identify any documented water quality data that suggested gravel miningactivities had detrimentally impacted municipal water supplies.

A) Selection of Municipal Wells Proximal to Mining Operations For Analysis

Information collected during the Geographic Location Review and the WaterSuperintendent Interviews was used to locate wells within 1000 feet of existing orabandoned gravel pits. A field visit to each of the locations confirmed the existence of themining operations and their proximity to municipal wells or well fields. Eighteen (18)municipal gravel-packed or naturally-developed gravel wells were identified in eleven (11)well fields. These well field are located within ten (10) different communities (Figure 1).The characteristics of individual wells and associated mining operations are listed in Table I.

The municipal wells are located an average of approximately 500 feet away from themining operations, and have operated an average of 26 years each. Sixteen (16) of themunicipal wells are located downilradient from the gravel mining operations under naturalgroundwater flow conditions (Table I). However, because of the transmissive nature ofsand and gravel aquifers, all of the wells will create a cone of depression under pumpingconditions which will extend beneath the gravel pits. Therefore, some of the water which is

being removed from the aquifer is being contributed from the area of the mining operationin each case. The actual amount being contributed to each well is site specific and isdependent on the pumping rate, the transmissivity of the aquifer, natural flow conditions,and the size of the mining operation. Most contributing areas to a well or well field arelarge when compared to the size of many gravel pits, so that if changes in water chemistryoccurred, they would be minor.

The gravel mining operations have been operating for an average of about 23 yearsand have an average size of 40 acres. However, only five (5) of the mining operationshave areas greater than or equal to twenty acres. The activity at each operation variesfrom a simple sand borrow operation with no trucks stored on site to large-scale miningoperations including mining, crushing, and washing with the storage of trucks and fuel onsite (Table I).

B) Water Quality Results

In general, the water quality results (which the State of New Hampshire has on file)suggest that the water quality is excellent in all eighteen (18) wells. Some violations ofsecondary drinking water standards can be found, but no parameters can be found abovestandards which present a health risk. Furthermore, it was found that the limited number ofviolations in secondary standards were not associated with the activity of excavating sandand gravel. The number of samples taken from a well since 1975 depends on the age ofthe well and varies between one and nine, most wells have had at least six samples taken.A total of 114 different samples were collected by the State of New Hampshire from theeighteen (18) wells over the period of sampling. Some samples contained a limited numberof parameters and others included an entire suite of water quality parameters. No sampleresults were obtained for wells which do not exist near gravel pits. All water quality datahas·been included in Appendix II.

1) Primary Drinking Water Standards

Primary Drinking Water Standards have been established for parameters whichpresent a health risk to water users. A total of 104 water quality samples which included atleast one primary pollutant were taken from the 18 municipal wells since 1975 and theresults are as follows:

• No volatile organic compounds (Voe) were detected in any of the wellsthroughout the sampling period. Volatile organic compound contamination from petroleumproducts (fuel, hydraulic fluid, etc.) is among the largest concems of operating a mining

~CI GEONETICS, INC.

SELECTED MUNICIPAL :LLS PROXIMAL TO GRAVEL PITSNEW HAMPSHIRE

NUMBER OFWATER APPROX.

YEARS OF QUALITY DISTANCE UPOR SIZEOF YEARS OFWELLFIELD TESTS FROM DOWN OPERATION PIT TYPE OF FUEL

TOWN NAME OPERATION COMPLETED PIT GRADIENT (ACRES) OPERATION OPERATION STORAGEDover Griffin 12 9 100' Down 60 33 Sieve, Crush, Washing Yes

Dover Ireland 28 7 200' Down 60 33 Sieve, Crush, Washing Yes

Dover' Calderwood 16 9 300' Down 5+ 15+ Borrow Pit No

Newmarket Bennell 14 4 400' Up 5 10+ Abandoned No

Somersworth GPW 1 53 2 500' Down 6·7 10·20 Sand Borrow Pit No

Somersworth GPW 2 50 5 500' Down 6·7 10·20 Sand Borrow Pit No

Franconia McGowen 350' 37 7 700' Down 2.5 40+ Borrow Pit No

Pembroke GPW2 24 6 1000' Down 20 2 Sand Borrow, Truck Storage No

Pembroke GPW3 37 6 1000' Down 20 2 Sand Borrow, Truck Slorage No

Hooksell GPW Route 3 32 8 200' Down 200+ 30-40 Sieves, Crushers No

Hooksell Manchester Gravel 23 9 200' Down 200+ 30-40 Sieves, Crushers No

Hooksell Industrial Park 32 8 200' Down 200+ 30-40 Sieves, Crushers No

Concord GPWl 60 7 600' Down 5 2 Sand Borrow Pit No

Concord GPW5 11 6 600' Down 5 2 Sand Borrow Pit No

Concord GPW7 11 6 900' Down 5 2 Sand Borrow Pit No

Belmont GRW 2(newer) 9 8 800' Down 100 40 Sand Borrow Pit No

Hanover Well #1 22 6 50' Up 2·3 50 Sand Borrow PII, Truck Slorage No

Durham GPW·Lee 2 1 400' Down 15 ? Sand Borrow Pit NoTable I

NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMUNITIES WITHMUNICIPAL WELLS NEAR GRAVEL PITS,INCLUDED IN THE STUDY

BelmontConcordDoverDumamFranconiaHanoverHooksettNewmarketPembrokeSomersworth \-

....NE

Figure 1

operation. but it has never appeared in any samples from the eighteen municipal wells nearthe mining operations.

* None of the eighteen (18) municipal wells showed primary water qualityparameters above Drinking Water Standards for an elctended period of time. Only three (3)of the eighteen wells had isolated samples with heavy metal (arsenic. selenium, andmercury) results above standards. but later tests showed all parameters were back belowstandards. These instances are likely attributed to analytical error in the laboratory.Arsenic, selenium. and mercury are not associated with any aspects of the operation ofgravel mining.

Three wells each had one isolated occurrence of coliform bacteria above primarydrinking water standards. but the bacteria was undetected in later tests.

2) Secondary Drinking Water Standards

Secondary Drinking Water Standards have been established for water qualityparameters which do not pose a threat to the health of water users. but do createannoyances (Le.• staining of fixtures, color. taste). The three (3) major secondaryparameters which are a problem in New Hampshire are iron. manganese. and pH.

a) Iron

High concentrations of iron occur naturally in New Hampshire sand and graveldeposits. because many of the minerals which are found in the sand and gravel depositscontain iron. Although it is a common problem. only seven samples out of seventy-five (75)in the state files showed iron above secondary standards (Figure 2). These seven samplescame from four wells and one well. Belmont GPW 2. had four of them. The well field inConcord. New Hampshire. illustrates the variation of iron concentrations in space and time.Concord well. GPW #7. had the highest concentration of iron observed from all eighteenwells (2.2 mgll). yet three other samples from the same well are below standards (0.3 mgll).The additional Concord wells in the same well field. GPW #1 and GPW #5, had a total ofeight samples taken and not one showed iron concentrations above standards.

There is no evidence to suggest that iron concentrations have been increased bygravel mining operations existing adjacent to municipal well fields. There are no consistenttrends among the wells to show a degradation of water quality over time in wells locatednear gravel mining operations. The variation in iron concentrations is likely a function oflocal geologic conditions. rather than the land use proximal to a well field.

QCI GEONETICS.INC.

STATE OF NEil\' HAMPSHIRE WATER QUALITY DATAMUNICIPAL WEllS NEAR GRAVEL PITS

1975 -1988

IRON CONCENTRATIONS , '] D

24]~=========_----::: ,

GRIFFIN

:.: j:.::~:::.~.::~::.~ ..:::.::..::..::.,,::::~::::::.::::':::::::::.::::::.::::.:.:::".: :::. ::" ::: '::'.: '::'::. ::::.'::. '.:. ':..::::':: :.:.::::::.:: :.::::::::.:::::::.:.:::.::::.:::::::.::: ::::.::.::::::: :,,:..:: : : :.~ :::··.:· ·:::.: ·· 17;;.§..ZC>

~ 12

ffi ::: -+..-....-_-..-...-..-.-...-...-....-...-...-...-...-....-...-....-...-....-...-....-...-"..-...-....-...-....-...-....-...-..-...-....-.....-...-...-....-...-....-...-...-",,-...-....-...-....-...-....-...-....-...-....-...-....-...-.. -...-...-....-...-....-...-....-...-....-...-....-...-....-..-"'.-...-...-...-....-..-....-...-....-_-,...-...-....-...--1..~ EPA DRINKING WATER STANDARDS I

8 :::............... :.;::;::::::::::;:.;:.;::::::::::.;;::;:;::.:::.;.;;1..::.:.:..;:;:;................................. ..o.a ~

0.0

-----DOYER----- NEWMARKET -SOMERSWORTH- FRANCONIA PEMBROKE--IRELAND CALDERWOOD RTE 152 GPWI GPW2 MCGOWEN GPW2 GPW3

MINIMUMDETECTIONLIMIT

1." -1 _ " __ .

2.42.2 , ., .

2.0 -1---------------------1." -1---------------------1 .8 _ " ,,, , .


0.0

1.0 -I • •1.2 -1---------------------------

0.8:: .:~~:~~~N~~~f'~~!'N'~:~~ .....•.... ····.•··•• ··••··••••••.····1.:0.2 I '.. ti

~.§.

~!ZLUL>=oL>

RTE3_____lltOOKSETI______ --------CONCORD------

MAN. GRAVEL INDUSTRIAL GPW 1 GPW 5 GPW 7BELMONTGRW2

HANOYER DURHAMWelL #1 LEE

F'lnl1rr> 7

•

Page 12

b) Manganese

Manganese occurs in similar environments as iron and is a common problem formany water suppliers in the State of New Hampshire. Uke iron, manganese is often foundabove secondary standards and is variable in space and time (Figure 3). Pembroke WellGPW #2 and Concord Well GPW #7 have the highest concentrations of manganese out ofall eighteen (18) wells, yet the gravel mining operations proximal to each have only beenoperating for two years. All of the samples at Concord were taken before the miningoperation began. Only one sample was taken from Pembroke Well GPW #2 after miningbegan. This sample showed the lowest concentration of manganese ever measured in thatwell. It is evident that elevated levels of manganese in the water were not influenced by theexcavation of sand and gravel in these two cases.

Overall, no water quality trends could be identified relative to manganeseconcentrations in these municipal water supplies. One-half of all the wells which data wasobtained for showed levels of manganese above standards. Again, local hydrogeologicconditions are likely responsible for the variable, and sometimes unexpectedly high levelsof manganese in groundwater.

c) pH

There is concern that gravel mining operations reduce the buffering capacity ofsubsurface materials by removing the soil layer from an area. The reduction in bufferingcapacity makes the groundwater sensitive to pH change and with the advent of acidicprecipitation, groundwater pH values might be expected to be lowered.

The pH measurements collected from the State of New Hampshire show widevariations in the same well and between different wells (Figure 4). No water quality trendscan be inferred from the data which suggest that pH values from wells near gravel miningoperations are increasing or decreasing over time.

d) Other Secondary Standards

There were no other secondary standards (out of 13 others designated by the EPA)tested by the State of New Hampshire which showed a change in water quality from wellslocated near sand and gravel mining operations. Alkalinity and total hardness (Figures 5and 6) did vary over time in several wells, but showed no trends. Both parametersremained well within the range expected of good quality drinking water in New Hampshire.

&CI GEONETICS, INC.

STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE WATER QUALITY DATAMUNICIPAL WELLS NEAR GRAVEL PITS

1975 -1988

, () ~

MANGANESE CONCENTRATIONS

GRIFFIN

1.2

1.1

E'"" 1.0ClE 0.9

:::;:"' O.B

""'"C> 0.7

!« 0.6

g: 0.5= 0.4u.J<...> 0.3

=C> 0.2

<...> 0.1

0.0

T:~::=::=~::::.~:.~:.·:~=~.·:.·~::::.·.~.~.·:::.~·.~~:.'.::::.~'::::::.:::.':::.'::.':':'.':::.'.'.'.':.'::: :..:: :: :..:..:: :..:..: :.:.: :.:: :: ::: :~.:: :..: ::: : : :::.: :: :.:.:::..:~ _.._.•..._ _ ..

1:::.~~==~==::~:~::~=::::.~:::::::::~:.::::::::::::::::.::.:::::::::::::.:.::..:' :..::.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:::::::::::::.::::::::: ::::...:::::::::....~:::...:::.:EPA DRINKING WATER STANDARDS·=r ·..·.._..··· · · L ..

~.H_. =,~.~'iI'''':)'' ';W''';''; '~ -~.~~:ii""'~.'A<'O<"=-_l'lj

-----DOVER------ NEWMARKET --SOMERSWORTH- FRANCONIA ---PEMBROKE--IRELAND CALDERWOOD RTE 152 GPWI GPW2 MCGOWEN GPW2 GPW3


2.45 mgtl

··-·---··· EPA DRINKING WATER STANDARDS MINIMUM

II Tr . 1 :1 ·I~ ..-.....I·.rrl .....- ......,...... """"""'"DETECTION

- ""~~.. '

LIMIT.~,-. ¥,~~ • ..,."*""""".'...... -"",..,...-..-.-",.,.~........,.,

1.2

1.1

E"" 1.0OlE 0.9

~ 0.8

C> 0.7

!;:;c 0.6

~ D.!!

Z 0.4LUU 0.3ZC> 0.2

U 0.1

0.0-----------HOOKSEIT·-------- --------·CONCORD-------

RTE 3 MAN. GRAVEL INDUSTRIAL GPW 1 GPW 5 GPW 7

Fi ('TI1rp 1

BELMONTGRW2

HANOVER DURHAMWELL #1 LEE


1975 -1988

pH MEASUREMENTS

--- -- --_. --- --- ---........... .......... ....,...... ............ ,......... ............--- --- --- .--- ._-- ---........... , ........... .. .......... ............ ........... ,. ......................,. ... " ...... ........... ,........... .. .......... ,...........

--- --- --- ._-- --- --_.

10

..

'1;r'~~C'7. Iild.e Iii

U>!= ., --IB _ •• ............z:::> <4-- __ ___

a ____ .............

2 --IB,M ..............

-t••• ___

0

EPA SAFE DRINKING WATER STANDARDS

GRIFFIN

1 -

~i II ::"::"::::""::'::"'I:}~:~~~:' ; ~'E: I;:i01i~;;~?~~I~i~r:~~I:~;:liij " . V".:"". I. I ~.:. I I I. .""" I .1".:"" I II :" _II ..:,,:..:.. I I _•• 1_,,: :.. II I :..

10

..e

7

eU)0- eZ= ..

""

-

-----DOVER --- NEWMARKET -SOMERSWORTH- FRANCONIAIRELAND CALDERWOOD RTE 152 GPWl GPW2 MCGOWEN

........... .. ......... ........... ........... ...........

--- --- --- --- ---.......... ........... .......... ........... .................... ........... .. ........ ............ ..........

--- -- -- --- -_.

------PEMBROKE-----GPW2 GPW3

0-

• -HOOKSETI------ ---------CONCORD---_RTE 3 MAN. GflAVEL INDUSTRIAL GPW 1 GPW 5 GPW 7

Fiqure 4

BELMONTGRW2



1975 ·1988

ALKALINITY (CaC03)

::: 1 ;_ ~~~.~~~~~t.!<:l~~.1.~:.~O'~':'l~II 1100 -:.. _ _ _ , , _ - .

e- 00

~ eo --I .•••••- , " - .

~

~ffi('J

8

70 -I I

:: ::1. _.......... - "n • I~o -+30..3-20···· ..-·.. ..·..·......··..·.. ·u ..····..···......·a· ..': - - - .t=lnl

GRIFFIN-----DOVER - NEWMARKET -SOMERSWORHl- FRANCONIA --PEMBROKE--

IRELAND CALDERWOOD RTE 152 GPWl GPW2 MCGOWEN GPW2 GPW3

70 -1 __.__.. , , , - , -R _ .

..0 -

eo --+ _ __.- _._ - , , _......... • , _ .

oo~ I


BELMOrnGRW2

-------CotJCORD -GPW 1 GPW 5 GPW 7

.. -HOOKSETI--MAN. GRAVEL INDUSTRIALRTE 3

so _ __ .

~o

"0 20

': - - ---··l;-LUCI -=~-L~~-llJL-l

::: ~ It I~..§.

=iUJ~

=C>~

f."~,.,.,,'t'"..... !;


1975 ·1988

TOTAL HARDNESS (CaC03

)

"0 EPA SAFE DRINKING WATER STANDARDS =250 mg/l, 30 " , - .

120 , "' , _ .

"0 , , , , _ .

~ ,00.§.. DO -

Z0 00

~ 70 -

f= eo _.

=UJ 00 -(jZ 00 -0(j .0 -

20 -

10 -

0

-GRIFFIN

'00

'30

-:--u:~ ···········11···········1111···············........... I··········1··j....·::~·::~·:.I·1·=·"111IlElIlUJ

~s.=o~oc:

ffi<J=8

120 - • ........... N ,.............. .. , ,....................... • .

11 0 " .

1 00 _._ ..

00 - , "" _ _ ..

80 .""" N , " .. , "., ".".. , , " _ .

:: ~ ~.~~..~.~..~:~:.~~.~~~~~ ..: ~~..~ ~~ :~ ..~~~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~:~~~~ ~,.: ~:.~ ~..~~::~ ~~:~~~,. ..~ ..::~..:.~~~ ~:~~~~~:.': ~~~ ~..~ ~::~~:~~~~~ ~~..:..~:~~~~~ ·~.·~..~~.·.·.·.·.·~~~~~~~~ ..::..:.·.·I :..::..:.~ ::~~ : ~..~~: ~ ::~~ .00 -1-----------------------------------

:: ~M·~ - ----= j-Eil--- =---_..---'0 - - - - - -. -.-.

o - ~. I I I I I II

RTE3HOOKSETT----------

MAN. GRAVEL INDUSTRIAL-----CONCORD----GPW 1 GPW 5 GPW 7

'Pi rpl'~"" h

BELMOfnGRW2

HANOVER DURHAMWELL Rl LEE

Values for total hardness did not exceed 140 mg/l in any well, the recommended EPA SafeDrinking Water Standard is 250 mg/l. The acceptable range for alkalinity ranges from a to500 mgtl; the values of the eighteen wells ranged from 3 to 120 mg/l.

V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

After an extensive computer literature search, BCI has identified numerous papersand abundant reference material regarding the operation and subsequent closure andrestoration of sand and gravel operations. Many of these references were concernedprimarily with the use of gravel pits after mining had ceased. We found that relatively fewpublications were available which documented hydrogeologic impacts related to activemining operations. Furthermore, we found no scientific documentation containing evidencethat excavating gravel above or below the water table was detrimental to an underlyingaquifer.

Regulating agencies at various state government levels throughout the Northeastand Midwest have taken diversified and sometimes opposing positions with respect to theacceptability of mining sand and gravel beneath the water table, yet have no documentedstudies to support their positions.

BCI also collected, compiled, and analyzed data available through the State of NewHampshire, Department of Environmental Services, for eighteen (18) wells located within1000 feet of an active or abandoned gravel mining operation. BCI has found no evidenceto suggest that the excavation of sand and gravel has detrimentally impacted municipalgroundwater supplies in New Hampshire.

~CI GEONETICS. INC.

APPENDIX I

LIST OF REFERENCES COLLECTEDAS PART OF THE WORLDWIDE

LITERATURE REViEW

APPENDIX I

Banks, Paul T., et aI., 1981, "Reclamation and Pollution Control: Planning for Small Sandand Gravel Mining Operations": U.S. Bureau of Mines FOR-35-81, 160 p.

Bonded Concrete, 1987, "Bonded Concrete 5-S Pit Mined Land·Use Plan", EngineeringReport - Effects of Mining Operation on Quantity and Quality of Water. Rotterdam, NewYork.

Debidin, F., C. F. Lee, 1980, "Groundwater and Drawdown in a Large Earth Excavation":Can. Geotech. Journal, Vol. 17, No.2, p. 185-202

Gaffney, F.B., D. N. Allan, March 1980, "A Prairie for New Hampshire (Revegetation efGravel Pits)": Soil Conservation, Vol. 45, No.8, p. 6.

Herrling, B., 1982, "Artificial Groundwater Recharge in Quaternary Gravel Aquifers in theForeland of the Alps in Improvement of Methods of Long Term Prediction of Variations inGroundwater Resources and Regimes Due to Human Activity, edited by G.P. Jones.IAHS Pub. #136. Proceedings of a symposium held during the First Scientific GeneralAssembly of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, Exeter, U.K.

Karn, Richard W., 1977, "Reclamation of Open-Pit Quarries for Multiple Uses." Journal ofUrban Planning and Development Division, Vol. 103, No. UP1, pp 127-135.

Kelcey, J. G., April 1984, "The Design and Development of Gravel Pits for Wildlife in MiltonKeynes, England": Landscape Planning, Vol. 11, p. 19-34.

Kelly, W.E., 1979, "Modeling Groundwater Flow Near Landfills and Gravel Pits fer WaterQuality Studies": Water Research Center Conference: Groundwater Quality,Measurement, Prediction and Protection, WRC, Medmenham, Great Britain.

Landberg, J., 1982, "Hydrogeologic Consequences of Excavating Gravel Pits Below theWater-Table in Glaciofluvial Deposits": Pub!. A-39, Dissertation, Chalmers University ofTechnology, Department of Geology, 300 p.

Mulamoottil, A. and Robert Farvolden, 1975, "Planning for the Rehabitation of Gravel Pits."Water Resources Bulletin, Vol. 11, No.3, pp 599-604.

Schellie, Kenneth, L, ed., 1977, "Sand and Gravel Operations: A Transitional Land Use":National Sand and Gravel Association, 212 p.

&CI GEONETICS, INC.

Smith, Charles A., Jr., 1971, "Pollution Control Through Waste Fines Recovery": NationalSand and Gravel Association, cire. 110, 7 p.

Svedarsky, W. Daniel, Crawford, Richard D., eds., 1982, "Wildlife Values of Gravel Pits":Symposium Proceedings, June 24- 26, 1982, University of Minnesota: Misc. Pub. #17(1982 Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 249 p.

Werth, Joel, 1980, "Protecting, Regulating, and Reclaiming Sand and Gravel Pits: ASelected Bibliography": CPL Bibliographies, #21, Chicago, Illinois.

Werth, Joel, 1980, Sand and Gravel Resources: Protection, Regulation and Reclamation":American Planning Association, Report No. 347, 22 p.

&CI GEONETICS, INC.

APPENDIX II

WATER QUALITY DATACOLLECTED BY

THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIREFROM 18 WELLS

WITHIN 1000 FEET OFACTIVE OR ABANDONED

GRAVEL MINING OPERATIONS

IOOVER WATER WORKSiop'w"oFil'F'FIH""--" :-

I +-El"'" NUMBER

s'AMPi~E'NUMBER

SAMP'1.ING DATE

651015

.".,.

en '2·B8

,'~

.">-Ill1um

[~-~.~ICl'lromoum.....,-~'Y

;,.-;;;;;;. NC2.N03. N

s.-~m

Si~

rf'~

wel!L; 0.05:

1:'""'-'t: 0.01

-;;;-,;:j-

!_~-~-~~~-Scr_n Act>a

"""""--;£+i--+-J---;-,.--oo'+!·------+---.,~,.t--~~--- ---.+--,~~.---

DCi/U 2OOOC: 580,

~~~~.~_._--_.Uranium ·--~t-~-i---+--·+--I----+----+--+---t·-·--i--·

t~~~ .V.-nao....m

..--~~----'-t----!.--i--_+.--- --i-- · t·..~·o.,e;,'.,. _"9'1..:: j: I: . < 0.01:

. .... .~.•~:.!RL_ •. _< 00::

~!.··-·.._--_·t······..~~·-··~~---t---·~-;'~~~1·-·----~:~-------?:.:~t·---_·t---·-----·-1····---·t-- ..-----t··..--..·-.?~~- ..._---.Copoer rrcVL: 1:! <o.,e: <0.10! I 1 <O.1C-'

~·.~-.-----t-.-~':-j·-·-~:~i--l.r·_-~:·1.~~- __-~--?i_.--.£:.!L__-----l ..i l ·_·TI__. ._.~~~L_.__.Man..,."... IT'IQ,~_: 0.05: < C.t'S; 0.01: O.e'3! -------1 : { . 0.2:

J)!"l l VMs; 691 8: 7.8 7.2:

~~-~·~~·--·t··--'!·~~--·--25C1-·-t··--·-·t--·2.~-··-__;;t------·---·+-----+·-··-·---·-1·······---?-~~-··--------Sun.:. mg.~_: 25C': i j i l 27;

1~~;;;;;_----·t--···--~·~1···--~·--·t·-··-·······-t·-·---·-·1-----·--_.- ---.--..j--.------.-.. ·-·--------t··-·-~-·~:-~j---· ..··--·I FI'105Pl'\al•. D5.0"no P m;l!l: i I

~=.~-'..T~' -'·~····t--·-·""'":.L.·········:····t········-·-··r'····· ..····-··.L.·---····..·r' L····-·-···.L.·····-······t···············1 , .TOla, f.Il$'atlle r-DS) 1 '"0/:": 5CC': : !; 1:Ca'Q""'" i t"Y;:;."_: 0 C!5: I j 1 I

j~~v.~·':'~---···-·····----t-·-·-···~\~-·----·-1····t···-·--···---i----··-·-······1-····-···--··t·-----------·t-·······-·····-·~----·-_·····_·t····------·--··i··········--·---1·······--·---·--,,"oneo<roe."'•. ~••".' S.I.; l ,'.8<l504:

t~'r~--T~~-----i-~;;;·~~~..---1+··+--·;_,-:-cit------·--+··_--t------ -··-·····+----·-t-·-------··t·····..··----cf-·-··----·-,""on-Colr1o,m I C"'S'lOO... C= Le': I j 0:

vOC".

~!~~~:"-~-~~-._-Elr.......... IlIIraer"oro

NONO

11'lAl.um ~~~.__~ • +--__...,. _~Il UO""::

o1t.ervlonltr_ \10""-:

~~~~~;:r;~j-::~t-+_I-----+----;...---D~IOIOI'rlll.lOroEl"an. UQAo;;

~.!~.~~::.:n_IOfO .S"'_

-_..~..~:.~£~---_.

----~ ..-~.~:~ -·-·-Z·6f·-··-·----~6j··-··-NDSC 0.001 N~l NS,: t.:D

--"';"',--t---

---- ·---i--·-~-~~~t······--·Z·6t..----·~51·----·-Z~S~ O.tI()1 ND ,.. .... ;

._--_.~----._-~;...-:-

c ...c~,...... ..,p./l<:

~!'~~~y1- --;-~:.'--+-+----f·---+---+---+---+---+---f,---+----l...111......... brOmo ......_

NDNONO

__-+-__.NO1 N:-,. N:;lT DETECTEDsc .. SCREE"WEDi

~;;:N~t.:.....c:::::-,-+---'~t_,i.;-f----1----i----f-----f---+---....j·-----!-----;---~N~OSiioea

....-'~I'\&I'Ie. dlCl'llOl'O-

lI'Il'la..... l.lChbPJ>

t'·~---f·I

1+L. t-- :. _l~_~_~_~_.~.~~.~~_.!!_~~Ks _Lr---- , !OPW IRELAND: !III

t~-~:tt~~aBER------.~~--:~~j~t-:~~~~i =-:i~~H-:-:~;£t-~~~~1-~Ht-·~~ISAMPlING DATE 03-01.(7 02-11-80: G)-tS-S' I 03-18-81 05·08·86: 09·04·86 Q'·1J-Se

L-;:;;;"-;;---'---l---m;,LfE:~-:-05i --.-o~cst--~-.-o.oo;i 0.005

.~a...um mor...: 1; < 1.00 0: 0.10 0: 0.50.

f·"""C··:::=-Tm·------ -,-~-~~L.t-~·.t?;?~~ < o:~lr--- 1__'" ~:~f-I---;.w~._ rnQId: c O.05.i 0: 0.01 : 0: 0.10,

I ~f1l":l" _. 0.05: < 0.05 0.01 !:II C 0.005

~::':. ~2.NC3.N-~i O'~ot- « Dfilt 0-351 < o~~t <;~~~t·,S....ium 0.01: c 0,011 0: 0.1)05 c 0.005

s.-, ~~: 0.05: ~~~ 0.01 c 0.031r._...._ rrn~;"': 0.13' 0: 0.10= 0: 0.10 ., 0.10

TOII.l ttlt>alomelnan.s-----__•._.0 ---~nA~

;uoon s

ts;;~~~·

~~~pC~'l:

cCiIl..: 2OCX>O:.__~j s:

DCiI'...:

0: 1.(IOi • ,.DO

700

t~::!;;;-···_--·----1-··-···;;:~1--~·-·

_..--- ·---~·---+---+--·-·--~-··~~~~~·~t-·---c 0,011-..---.+,..----.,.' -_.-t--. ---.i.-..~.~!·~+·__.

: '" Cl.011

lit I

r~~··-·--·_--t-·····-~~t···-~~···· -.-...--'.~ ...-..-.!.~;~~.--.2.?t···---··t· ..--···-+···--·-·!.~t···-··-·--·leoooe. I mo.'L' 1: '" 0.10: '" 0.101 i '" 0.101

~~.~.-._. I ..~1.~_~;?!._ ·--··~··~:·~?~--~~:·$-~~~·~r' I 1--~·~~·':?t----jlJlaf\9__ ! rnc;.~.. : O.~: '" 0.051 0.01: 0.01 : '" 0.03

p"'! l unns; B.11 B; 8.31 >10.00

~~~s;~':~~.~e~!t··-·..~~t---~·- ---~l-·--·-~·--~t-·---t·----·t_-~··~t---·A,.._hnrv leaC03! moJ'_: ..~ 45: 49' ~ 1

L~~.'=_~~_~!.~....l...._i!.~.~L_ .._.L.. .-.--.l-··---·-l.----rl--- .----.l---..??!t----l~ ....."" 1 "V~..: 2'!>C: ! 2!:. 2., : 20·Sull.al. j 1., 250, I 10!

f~·~~;"~········-··--·t·········~:··-······+·······_····-·-1················~····_·······-··- i : I···-··········r-········-·····:·····-··-·-·r···-····-··..

·····-----1·---·---~·-··-··- _·---+·-_·-·_-·i-···--;;·O~03t·--·--·

_._....~;.~?~ .._.__._..__..:__..._...-'" 1_00; '" 1.X'

O~1,

-...--- ··-···---·i··--·--·-ot····_--·0'

!VXs I

l~·;;:~~:·~·~----· "--~~'---i-

~~;r::~~::~~;;;"~JDen IQtOlrtl'UOfOElr..".

~~:::,~ ~--~_. -~j1- -- ""~,

~ltfiie ~:

~~~~~IOf~.~L _~.';loIel.,.,... bromo UO'Jl'

"'e1~..... ano,o UQ.!It.:

.----I---.;-.--t---.-+--....+--.--. --···-z%____ ..--~e---+--- !---~?L.-.-~~ -._--.

NO: NOI NO

ND, NO: "I:':>

.~?L ~ .. "I.?NO: NO NO

ND, N::Ji0.1

~.!!!.T..~~'" -~''''='_-+ ._~~,;NII1II..N ",01"1.. :

5iioca

&e!"lz_....

~1JIn.a dlChlDro-

Jlt>a"'-. t'CfIlDro-

1

NO

NONONONO

NO. !'>OT DETECTE

< 0.";:;'-'--jc 0.50:

c .?:~~' j

+

c 0.01

0-01si

c 0.001

0.08

c O.lX'5

0.01

c 0.'0

0.05:

~~05jc 1.001

<: ~~o~t

I +--. ~I I

2_L ~~.:~:.?J.--~.~.~.~?: !:i~:.P..!f.L_ ~.!~:.?tl. 65101:2': '~.~~.'!..~rl-.!"~'!~:'?11 ..~.!.~.:?~. 6510121-T- _~f,,17 i -Qg,Q£,.tS: .1Xl9646r---~717S .g~: ·GGas.c.2 -a&7176 6..1672: ;zxw.

03-01.77 02·11·80: 03-1S'81 I 03·1S·81 08-1~-S2: 00&-06-83 i CW·06·B3 OQ·Qol.86 , 01·15·113

Ic 0.051c 0.10

c 0.005c 0.05

0.05: c 0.Q5.;

Q~~~.OO1+,or--r---o.~:0.01: c O.C~1

D.05~_~~:~14: o."T

.....:

Me,cn;o.'\.,····O.D5,

~..: 1:~....i O.Oi

--

E:>A NUMBER

"S'AWPLE'NU'W8ERSAU""'... ING DATE

,-t~:~. N02.Kl3. N· -:;;~1s.._m""-,-~

A.......IC

'anu,,"

r~~:,...-----t

1 cna! tt'h~'1'\&1>n- __ _., --Sc._" A\tlon.

..--""~i,--!-t--:-;:;J-----;-.----DCJl: c 1.00.--- ..__.:."',...__~Oi__;-,t__-.:: ;,-'----1

<: 1.00 1.2 0.36:

R.co" 9U 1SOP,ft..o...m226...._.,._-._----uranium

___-".9.':Oi_._"'::;'_-t----t---!-----+---t----;---t.----t----.--DC"'.:

AI"'mrlum ~:::~ ~ c E.:~~;__\'anad...m "'9''1.: c 001:

UD'VI:lOe,,",,", mg.'\.: I c 0.0';

ri:~~ , --...-.;;::~t__~.- ..---- ----...---- ----f-----i---- ----t·--;·~-~~~----·I !

t~~~-·----·--t····-··~~~·····~f·-·t··---bf·,--2.~~+-.-...~~ ----..,.----- ·----·:1·---·---·eocor- 1.: 1; c 0_10. c 0.10' c 0.10:

~~'.~--------_..._~:-.L_.~:?i._ ...-_.~_~.:?l--_..P~.~i ·~.:.!t ---·-··1.·---- ----1--~·0~-.·~~:.·.'---·IManpa_ !'r9-'l: 0.05: c o,cs: 0.02: 0.03: ...-

l~ uMs, 7: 7.6; ,... 7.6:

~~~~~;~~E.9.~!···-····,::~i·--+··· -----,·---·~···----~t·_---···---·-+·--··--t-----t··---·;·i:~~·-----1......_My I~C031 n: 2'9l 45, 400) J 27.7;

~i::':-~'~'~'---'-"~!:'~~'--mr-----·-t·--·-26t·-·--" ---t-·__·-~·_---t---t···-·_~~!----IS"Il&l_"L: 250; t 13,

~.~.---.---_.. ··-·-··~;,:i.····-·-···:.~-···l,_··__·-t·-·_··_·_·~.:-·····---- ·_···_·_····1.··-·--_·-···l····-····-t··_-:'··~.ef.----go:&SIo;'..... .. .".~ --r'

~~::;;!~~:~r·-t····_··~~f·--·5CCj·-+·---_·+--····_+···-···.-- --··_··t-··--·-i--····-·--t··--·_-- ...-----t-----c..'oum ma.-'_: 0_05,

~..~~u~ __••••__••••••+--..-~\ --++-- --.+ ---:-..-..--.-t --:-+-.-.- -+------+--- -+..---.-+-.--.....~COI".OlIIV •. L." O".f. 5.1.: I .1.83-115,

~~··T-;:-··-·-···-t-~~·i;·~·-·_·-;1···+······;~:~t····-·~'·;·oof·-····-·--_·t··_·--t··--·--··t_·-··· __· ..---..-t----.-..i...----..~OIrI()I"'" e:ts:'OOml: 2'J':tit.':

;;;;';;;,;;;;;·---·--·--·--·-1---·-;;;;"'_: ----+·t···---· ····-··------1-·-----------·-·i····---------+--·---·1-···-··;0c;,...-.-----""OCt 31 NO; 31 NO' 31 ND' 32 ND;

IE.",y_. cNDfO/5;;';;':;------Cvc~..a ...

~; ; ~--...;;.:,;:',~:---c--t---1'---'---·f---t-----~---- --..- --t--,;,

__~i__' L--f----!---··t--t----+-- --t----~oo·'.·---NO-·up.lk: : I "'"""" NO, NO

'~~~~.~!!.~. __.,.._._~i__+- ----f---+---f----OlCtltotO'On ..lDt"I)M.ltlan. l.I9''Id :

DOC"IOrOlrilIUOl'oE: ,,,.,,. ....:

l .......um..........-,..~ tf\••2t:t\lDr~tytwlny1

M«~. brtlITO

"'.na-. CftlDfD

~_!!.':r.'_!:.tJUltl .!.~'..... ..,..11;

S,ilc:a

&-

"''''''-. dichlDro."........ 1nct'l~.-,.__...

!'¥:'"

-'-,-~i~1.;

!'¥:'"-''11:

!'¥:":

. ;.'.---- ._.~~i-__~PNO; ND

NO:

c .o.1~i

NO

NONONONO

NEw.....RKET WATER WORKS

GPWRTE 152. Be'NNEn

1731016 r-!!?~~a: 1731016 1731016..... 26'23: ...... 4.67.«S

03--07.&4 OS-l5-&4 : ........ 00-0""cO.01 ...., c 0.005

cO.

c 0.000

cO:OO.."", 0..0::2; c 0.01 0.015......1_.' 3-

cO.... c 0.005 0....co..,

0... c 0.10 c 0.1 ,

0.05:

O-002j1ei

0.01:

~:

4.:

..a. j

0.05;

1:0.01:

L_d

~:'!L-f~.NC)2.NC3. N--S_F_

EPA NUMBERS-.u.Pi-E Nij-MBERSAMPLING OA.TE

1700

TcIhIlt~~.- - ..S<>-. ......

RodM

R«I'um 226UranIUm

~,

pCi/I.!

CJCII.:' 20000:~! s:,;ai.' ,-t---f---+---f---1

c 0.05 D_

c 0.03 cO.03

...~

.. 0.1

0.1 0.'.. 0.03! co.

..7 •.,",21 1

<i3f ••201 22.•

':t ~

"a.lSi; •D." cD.

D"i unll1l: e.

~:~~~?O31 - -~+ -- ~tA!Il.alIn tC.C03\ rj",: 1~

~~~_~.~~ uM~! 157Sod...m • ;;;;'"i'i' 2siT- 16

S",II..,. t.: 2!£': e.1

~~~ ~+.-_~-+-_..:0"'.0,,7!---...;--====t--==VanaolUfn ""il'~:

Cl'lionoe ._~'!-.~._._~~~__ 37Color unItS: 15:

ColJper 1:IrO" .~;. 0.3: .. 0.0:3t.lanpa_ rtlQfI... D.OSi' < O.C3;

P~l'hal•• 0".011110. P ""G"!-:

~:~~;!~~i·r--·t··--·~i·-sei··-t·-_·--t----+----!----lCillOun'! ........1.: 0.05: j

~~~~~--...--l-··_··~}.~--+···t···_--

""NO

·Z.4Z!6, ".1Z225

< 100.00 .. 100.00

----+---'0--

...,.-':.-.m'---"- --;;;;;;;.+-+--t----V=.

~!'1.~~.;~ ~....~'i--+_+--..:NO=,---+---+_---lSrr- UO/'-.:Cyct:)he.._

~luOlOt.l_nane....•.•......•..•....•....•••. -DictllorodllulcWoM.ltI.-n

DlChbrOlrl!ll.lOl'oEI"a...

I!.~ ~!Aert*I.. ~;_ -,~!!'-~"":'!.!""'L f--~~""-'''-'>e. bromo U9'!'-:

"e1I'\A1'>la, dUorCI ~!

NDNO

NO

NO

~e1h~. 1-QII)'1 ~..!--.. -=~;N........N ~

Sib mcJ!l!Benz- ~i

~efnane. dic:l'llo~ UOo.....!"",...... trictllo~

EPA NUMBERSAMP-LE'NLiM8ERSAIoilPLING DATE

A_C

B.""""~.~~~Cl'lrOll'.nn

I02·2S-80 C'1-1J-83

Wet. 'I I-;;;;;:r- o.05j-r c o.oos1 c 0.005

.: 1: c 0.011 c O.~

~j O.?': ~~l c O.~mgll.: 0.011 c O.C'3

!~!.!!!~~=_+- ~1l:Screen Ajpr\A oClII.:

RaClOO'O o.u DCIt\.: :ooסס2

~~~_~ DO'\.: s:Ulan"," ;clilj'

I

All.lrntll.lm

V...-c:l ....m

Mol~."um

-f

~!'U

__~:::LT'I'l9''l:

i ,

~.!._----t.._._~~~._-~j_ ... --'~!.~~1·_·_~·~

eoc..o.r 1, 0.1 c 0.10

l:~9;';;;;;------ ··__···~~··O"~j-·+--li~'--·-;O-~...;,., I.Inll~i 6,1 ! ..-:J

:~~~~=;;;~?1 ·_~t·-+- ---1---~~A• .a~n"V ICaC031 m;;.'i..i ~ 1

,~'c=.5~~.~_ --~'~~i--~.-t--~t._----Su"~. rng.'l..: 250: f

~~~:~~~;;~;;6~-1~-t·_···~i~----500j--t-----t--CaIClum 0.05:

e...yliUfftv=.~.:~~:..~~ ~~EII'I"'....... "",racf\lDro ~:

NQllecrrQl....... L.

1 u!t)<DrTy

C~irt~·T"at.

hQ/"l-eQlltQrtl"

...., S.!.:

Nr..;~

- -et;I100-;;'~·Cls i l00...i:

-2.~

Ic ,.001- < '_00

-f--

1.2Dic:hlOroefl'lY"". c+ ug.1l:

i:;;;:-~ -~~CyClOl>e"l'_ UQI'k:~._~~!!_~ __ "9:'"OidllOrodlfl.llc.-o....1hAn. U9/'k:Doenlorolrll'I.IOl'OEIl'lAn. uoIk:

f':-";;':::o=l:":"n:....----i--'~I~Ilr_ uoIki

Ettlet2chao-tyl¥inyl ~:1-'_=......="'_..""..",...=''''---i---=UOfJIot-.tr.ane. cno'O 1IQIk:

s,oea--Ioleothane. dlChlor&-

U,...,..... triel'Ilon>

~.:'.~-~~~~~~--",,---t._---;---;-SAMPLE NUMBER

S,I,.MPLING O,l,.'E

_J.~~_1_?_:.~~_2~·~_!.~~!!~·~~~·~·~rl'-?.:'~~~:'?f.2~~.:~!..~.Q9723e! -99723:1: .~7?J~ ·;97230' lilHJ2<l.

10-15-77 C2·25-B:J: 01.-25-80 02~3·aJj 01·06·8B

c: 0.005c 0.03

O.HI

..eLA~ruc moll: 0.05:B.rlum l'nQ.t1..' 1;

~= ~; o~~__L~ l'nQ.tt.; 0.05:

~_~.~ .:;;-:;- ~~..E.:.~_Nrtroo.n. N02.N03. N rt"CIL~ 10:

S._nlum C.01:

:=.,. ~'!-~ 0'0:;

.j .. 1c O.~ <: 0.0051 .., 0.005 .., 0.005

c 1.001 c 0.::111 c 0.50' c O.!:oC

--;}~ C_D':O~+~-:~~~t--c.;.b~c O.osJ c 0.011 c 0.01 < 0.005

~~l__-_: c O·~.U.~~~l_~~0.11 c o.OS: 0.071 .., C.Z~

c 0.01 I 0.0051 < 0.0051

~ ~:~.!L ... ?-~l..,0.101 cO.10: cO.10r--;0.1",

:'~_!l~.~_Sere.n AIDI\lI

R~~

.~LpClI!.:

cCoIl.; 20000:

I--~

c 1.~ c 1.00 c 1.00

BOO

pClIl.: !>'POii1 .

<o_~

c: 001

c 0.01

-_.H1..:

~~"'._ .._---' .._~'L_!-_'._-!- __:.--t--"""!'l"'O">1 i ,";it:' I :

J !

~~.•------ --~~j"-~i---~~·-·~·-·~t~~~~~~t--~~~t----~CoPPs' mg/L: 1: cO.1~ <o.loi <0_101 0.1

I".~...__. . ..__~'!:L._ ..~~l .._L.__~;~l_.__~~_l.L.__-?~~J.__~R;.~?l .._. E;.~

Mang_ "'9"'-: 0.05: c 0.05-1 0.01: O_OH < 0.031 c 0.0'3

oM unrt!l; 6.6-: 61: 6.31 7.6J 6.2

~;~~~~~~.~+---~~.---t- i ~ ···--~r---~;t·--2i~A...lontty ICaCC)l i mQ.-'l.: 17: 10: lil 12t 1iI.7

~~~·~~·-t--l!!:'~i-25Ci- .----.+.----t---.15t..---.t--..!;~~5 ...1:;;'1. ..: 250, 6

~~;;,-~------t---~~- i-+-·--t 0.00

PhO!op",.I•. O •.Om'>oP , 1: I

f

~~~Z:;;!~~~f··-t·-·_··_~~-·---~1--+----t--·_--·-j---_·_--t---·-·-·t-----C.uo\,lm 1 me/l: C 05: j !~:!9~_u"!_ I ~1..:: i 11- .-0.:- -1._. T ! 'j

-:::z+--++---+I---;...---t---l·---...c:UQI'A: I NO

~i f NO~; NO

NO

c 0.10

f····_·-~··

·_·_f---+--L--t.---NONO

-_.

·2.3616

···--~~t-----;-j·-·_--..,l~oot-·---~,:oot-----·7'l'J1 ! C

~!~X~~:..'!.~.~ ...Ethyle.... t.nactllDro

1.201C"'lOrDe'!nY"len. c.

Noneor'aslV. L. .'<e' S.l.!

&:':··T·~~-----+·ct;i;·~;t·..--·ii···-"'IO'1-Co'ilo·m ! et!ll10Cm;': 20~: I

a;:;kl~;;;-·-----·t---··~+-+-VOC". I

s.........C~• .".Chlol'oIIuOf'OJoolM~._ _ -..__ _..o lCI'llOl"OClill.liOl'OU.m.an-f

OIerl1C.VOI.i\'luoroEtnan.

ThaI,um...-n,...§!t1~2c:h~.7"""""""",nan..~

"'e1t1a.N1. et>IorO

~1-;~1l~

!':'_.U~r.'•.!:but.1' .I~"'_-f---=~OT~ 1NITlIl..N . - 1nQI\.:

Sik;a

6-

""'N.r>e. dlCNo';'..ethane. tne!'llDrc>-

T"'_=- +

NOO.DO

NO

NO

NONe

P£I_ NOT DETE

TI FR ....NCONA VILLAGE WATER ITUCOOWEN··WEU";SO:· -

~-~~-~~~~~~-.- L __-!---~__l ~·!~~·~Tl_~!_I?_~~j__~!.?~-~L~-!?':.~l--~-!-~·:?:·_--..~:.~.!_~L_...!'!_!?':_~SAMPLE NUMBER 1 ; i~'a99921 ·9999';1: -Sl99'il:?Oi -999918; ~86: -Q87'2221 969C()

SAMl"tING O....TE 05-~7B I O~-'3-Bl 11·18·81 1•.'012-83 12-12-83; 1;;:0·12·83 i ru-06-S8

"".-rIC .~C~.05: hoJ .: 000051

,",0.0151 c 0.005

..anum '1..: 1, < 1.00l c 0.10 en < C.so

~~urn ~'!:L. 0.01 i _L < ~:~~! c:.;~.,·0C5.';';;'T! • ~ '"' 0.001Chro<--.m moll:: I < a.cs; ~ ...., 01 ,",o,cw.le.ld mc;.'L: 0 OS, c O_O~ c 0.01 c 0.011 0.007

zr~~M5·:?N03.N _~~_E'~~o~Jt c<~~t-;-o.-~----i----t~~S._I'IIUm ~: 0.01: c o.olf 0.009 c o.OO5T c 0.005

~:ro. -~+-E'C:i c~~0t '"' O'~~~----l-----'_~-~~,~;;~~.~ t ~j- ~..- .. gJ~..,on pe...1.: 20000; I I 6000;

....u um: _

.......nae m -·--~N-·--i-· .._"--

::.:-"-,----·-I---·~~·--+-+-··---j -·----+----t·--·:-~~f--~---~-..----t···-;~;~I i

~~.-.-_..--_..- ····--~1······~·~1···+···---2~··--···---i--·-·~--:£~+--~~;~1-----+----·+----·Coooe. 1= <O_,~ '" eno! ! <0.10

~:;·~;;;;;_----·t--·_··:!,H·····o~i·-t---~·~:~t···--·--i----~-cto~t-·····;o~1-----------f···-·-·····-._..._~{~0'" un"s: i 59: 8.1: s,li I 8.05

"'!-':':~·~~~~!··~~~~·~:1l-.---~~---~-L--32l1·---·-~·-·-·-~L.-..--~__._~._-._.-.+---.~Ca'CIU," "'arc~. . rn;;IL: : r : 1 .2! : . 55AIlo..~n.w 1~31 1.; 59! ~l j 56

~;;·~~~·-1·--_·~~~j----2501-··+-·---7~~·---~-·---7t·-·~~;*---··--+_·------·t----.!~;5 ....".ICI 2'50: I 5.i I 6

~~:;;;--_._. -··-··~j·_i····~--t·----+-·_+_~·~Et--·-·+·---· --'-"-'P_P""l•. C_Of1I'\O.P '1.: I

~~;:j;:;;:;!~~~-r--1······_~t~····-500~--_·t--·-----1·-··--··--·j··-·····-+····----t·-·--····~·······-····t····-._.C4!,ou'" I'nQ.'L: 0.05, I

~:9.~~~~--·---t·--·'?/o\--++--+-·· "---1--+--- ---.e....-...-+--No"corrDS"'•. Lanoe."", S.J.: -0.£2591 .. )

~~··T~_····--_····t--e;i;·cib~i······-;~····t·····-····-·-·i·····-·······j---·---+----;·-;:oot--·---·-··--·l---------..-- ·······_···0Non-Coilto,m : c:~s(100m!: ?:n, i I I j C

..~.'"m·---+-·-=;·~·--··++--- ---:..-.--t._._-j---f--+--.VDC.

~;~~-:.~:~~ -.~. '-~i, .2Doc:nIO'~"""". c:.

~~~:.~~ -:!1+-··

t t t--31 NO,

CnlOf'Qll..,OtOM.nane-_.._-_... --_........•...•...o IdllQfOClIfl.llQro"'etnan~

Dcr:lOI'otrlfluoroEm.....

ThaI,,,,m--~~.--~,

-~~;--+-+---II---+---I--+---+--+---,

5~!:~~~~~L.....hane.~

...~".".. etllc:lrn

~.~."!r.*_~."" .If\erN .. ,.....N

Siloc:aB__

"'«nane. cloc:hlol'O

....ll\&ne. 1f1C:f\101'O

T~~

0.0.

NO

NONONO

NO .. NOT DETECT::

'. t· 1~~~.~~.t?!':~ __~_~!ER WORKSlapW2 CONCORD

EPA NU~BER....................SAMPLE NuuafR

,~mourn

rC~-;~m

1861012: 186,012-- __.;.sl'i7i/.c 1 ; "840:36

t 09·200-77 O2·05-8C: 01·23-81 02-28-83

•'--.:..•.:'.:9,0·-.05'.. -1----,.,."Y~ c 0.0$ < 0.0051 c 0.005 0.011

_. 1: ,",1. c 0.10: c 0.50, 0( 0.50

!.!!if.'l.: a,o'i. < O~~lj c o~~~+. -j_ o.an1'nQ.~~: c 0.051' .., 0.01. c O.03i c 0.D3

L_C ntp.1..' 0.05: c C.O'5J c o.o,! c 0.01 c 0.01

s...n'l./m mo."..: 0.010 c 0.01 c O.OO5~ D.0'11 c 0.005

'T.:icC4l,.:

pCl!'_: 20000:tlC~.... ; s:DCiA:1

< '.001 c: 1.001 ,",1.00

c:JO

t .~"L"9"-;

1..:...~:.-c

u., I___.f --!~<O.20

;O~Ol

c 0.01

c 0.03

cDC'

I I

t~~----·--·1·-···--~~~t--?-~~····t-·---!:4~··--~·----~t-----·~l------i-·---~COOC"'l" 11..: 1, o,n- 0.1, O.[)(;l 0.1

~~.--.-._---------J..-.--~~.i ~:?~ _~.E;~.~!__.~-~;.:?~ ~·~~--._~~l_--~..~..?~:.~M~a_ I """.... , 0.05: 0.5! 0.74: o.~! D.!.'] : 0.28

:)Pi unlt_: 64 6.3: 71 fl. 6.18

~~~S;~;::;~~·~·~~t··- --;:~~..-.- ~...+-.-. ~t·-- ~ ~t-··-· z2~t -....-..~;~~"",..hnlty lCa::;o:n "~; I 21 PO 11· 13: 13

i:!~-~·~·~···-·t·--··~~~~··-25C+···t-----i7···_--~···--;;t------J----i--~

.. ~:;::~~·---·_···-·t······--~~~--~i--t·-·---t----~·----~.---- ----~-.-.- ..?.:~IPn~p.... ! •. DII.Ol"l1'>O j:> '1..: I

~~t;ti~~~;·s·,~·-t··_·····;;;~J·_~; t-··---+·-··-····-·i···-·---·t----- -._--;._-_.C-aou""'. i MI;O-'I..' C:-S'

:."..,'~:c::';----···_····t········-~\---···H·----j···--·.-- ..:..- _..t--.- .-..-- -+ _--.

'D'D'D

33 N:l

-t---:--t--·

----

-···-·~i··--i·-·e---~: I

&;;;:il~-···_···-·······-·l···-····~~d··---+-J·--·--t·-·-·..-··-·t-----t··---- ·--·--·-~-····-c-O~C·jIvX.

rt;;;;7':~ --~~IC..~_a.r>tl uoA<:

l%"~~~~~".~. --~t--~-Docnoorol·I!,UO""oET",ane ug..... :

: NO-_..- --'-i--NDND

;;:; -----·-I--~t__+_Acrvt:;lo"lil,.. "':

~~~~~!!tyIvl" ~;.Metl'lane. brom:)

""'''a1~N

s,~

""""'-=-=---1...~. C1idllO'O-

oO'lna. ..... t,cttlOro-

I·-:-----f

~"'1....'~'Io.:

~~,

NDOA'

I

,ES'::"~-P~lUE·~NflEU··~·.-ER--J-----!---;-L-~.~_l.~!.~l.-'.!?~~.?i_~~~C!:?rl..2_~·:~~i-_:~-~~~!_?L~~!_~_!~I:.... .... -r I -5l'il7Q.t5; ~~J; .gg~ .gg7~ ·$97939: 5£007

1s.-.1oIp!"1P.;(i DATE 109-16-'77 102-06-80 : 01-28-81 03·01·83 0!>-1~-8J; 08·20-S7

h....me: ·+--,,;;..~~~O.05~ -f--;o~cSt .. 0.005, c O.OO5t O.OO!l

.. 0.005

c 0.03

c 0.10

~~ f ~'-:. CJ~~?i ~:~1 <c~:OOlL ,!__~.~.:1 .. 0.001INn!'D9_fl. N02.N03. N m;.,,~: 10: 1.031 O.ai; ,r--O.Q5.1IS......IUfn ~.. : 0.01, .. 0.011 D..022 0.008

S_ ~f.; O_~, H~:~l =. c O:?..!~C!.OO!FlUO!'iooo rnl]::" AT ...."1 .. 0.10: c 0.10 c 0.1

!~~!.!.~~5..-A_

-~

tt

~,

DC;.'\..:DCV';.: 2'0000;

.. 1.00! .. 1.00 1.'750

~~-~~~hlanaolUm t·+.~~!-lMOl~""'" I mo."::

~;:;;~y-------t··_·····;;:~~·---t--

< 0.20

" 0.01

" 0.01

-------·1------+----- ·--t---4---;·~':;;I I ,

Z;~!.----.-.....- ·-··-·~i~i---·?~!--t_---~···---~;.~j---··:!?T-----~t-·------i---------~CooPeoI ne'\.: 1= 0.'1 0.1. O.C:-: C.2

VOf' ._~._•••••~;..-;••-E:?;.-t--~..'::~?f.-.-~-~;-~?;--<C.~::~i---~-~?~----~--~:!t.l~a_ I m;!'.: O,~: j "O.~: 0.01: 0.021 cO.Oj! : O,OJ

1D'"l \,I....a' :! fi 11 7"; 7) 6~1 ~i8

~~~~~;~~·~:t··-·-·-~~!·---j·-t·--·--~t··--···~-···---3:?t----W------+---~~,&,ll<ahnrTV rCa.C03t i mc-1..; i 1si 1~ 13: ~l 10.2

~~:-~~·~·--t----~~z:~---i5C~·-·t_·--·--,-J._·--·-2~~·----iit-·---1J---------·1---)·~ISun~. I P'(l.1.'~; I 6

}~~-;;~;;·---·-····---t··-····-::~j..·-----1---- --···-·-···t····----·--·~····--·-_t-·--t---·~·-·-·~O.:~I p_01'lal•. O•.O"f\O ~ l'Te' :

~~;,;;:;:;g~·~···t·-····;;:~:i···--500~--·t-----·-·- ---------.-+--.-.--.-+.--.-.-. . ---~.-----ICa.IOU.... ""G".. : O.~: I

t~;i!9.~-~-~--------t------~~+--·--··-!·-+···-·-····--t··-·····---·i--···----·-·t-----·------t-···-··--···--~--.....-.._...t ..one>()f.OS ..... , L• ...,.""..l 5.1.: I j -3.508971 -3.7'335

}~~--T-;---··-·t-~;;;·~~-··-_;~-·+·---·~-~:~:t-··---·;-;-ooi··-----t---·-;,:~-----·-·-·-+---·-·_--...._-eO"lor"Tl C"sI100"Tll: 7J': I !

..._._..__.,._._.._...: .. 0.03

3\ NJ; 33 NO

-t "1:~:_ + 1-"'9' ,

;.2DoC~IO'oe'lI'>""". e... i l.>Q- :

E••,_.~~ t-~. . t t· t - NO;:;;;;;;;;----=-- ----;;,;d----t- --- ---f---- --- ---+--NO

~&;;;i,;~·_·_·_-_··__··t···-·-;;;;d······__·!··_-t·_-_··_··~···--·-i··---t·----IIOC-.

~.!~.~~:Y.'.~.~?

NONO

NO

NO

NONO

c 0.10-t---+---t--+-_I

~-,

"9".... ,

"""~!-

~;-,-,~'k:

--;;;o;:rtrG'l:

-~!.....,. ...:_.... tric:tlloro-

OlC"lDI'ooll\,llOroM.tnan.

OlCnlOrClI,tlluoroETl'lan. j

Tl\&l!'l,Im

...-.--..E""_..-2Ctl-lD'oa~yl

~~. tIrom';l

c__

l~~~~_!!_~d_

""-"'>a..... l2'l1Dl'Cl

~.al~ "DoJlt .!~.'._,.".....N

S'~

~._~--"'lrt~. dodllClro-

I NO. NOT DETECTED

< ooo;;t-

"81011

1850'

,o-~87

-+I11810111

"s.;.C75t[)6·20-8';'

U

3000

., 0.001

D.Sg

< 0.005., a.OJ!

O~' ,

1T810"

SO,"07..o~E17

_l~_~.~!f!~.~_!:t_~~~.~.TT .!':f._:'~!_!!.~_~_~CIjIOPW ROUTE 3 f '--r

I - f1 1e'01 11 , a1~11: 1181011 1181011 1 1181011:

--:W-6ar- -v"9iA=iO' :w6Asij.....:'-'2"4Qi"jt- 7i/I8£,A:

I 08·20·S1 05--00-82; C5-08-8Z j cw.....04-~T 07-06-87 :

1--, _.. 1 • _' I .Jc O.(X)!)j70.005; c D~OO5T c 0.0051

., 0.01'01 c: 0..20: < 0..20, c: 0.501

< O.CC2

rl < D.~:.: ., O.OO2';' ~_----'-~< 0.001

., 0.03

'" 0.01_. 0.05: O.~l ., o-'c~: '" 0.0051 ., 0.01

-;;;:~;D_OO2~ ., O.t:oeSl <o.~: <o.~j

"'1~ ---,~r 0."'L.: 0.01: c o.oc~l < OJXl5; '" 0.0C:5! < 0,005-

!!'?'::..: O.~; I;;;,;;:, ·'.f O.,j 0,18

I~~: tpCut:

oC~'l,..: 20000, 1700

MelJTni"~---·o.05i-

~:..; "0.01;

pCiIl~_.'DCtl"T

t

!.~_'!~.!~!~.~Sereen"~

",",0"

~!~~.~Utan...,."

-=..,N;;;~;;. NC2.NC3. po;

$e_ntu,,"

50_

FIuOI'c:le

r~-i~~~~~~BE~--t·jS...... P!.-ING DATE

l._......~anulTl

I~.~~_mCJ>•.".,.,.m

,_d

i~;~y---_·_---t-·--··-::t·---i-· --··-l·----~---t··-:·~~~1_---~·-·---~;~t---t·---l !!

i~:~·-·---··-··--·t-··-····~~J-···~~-··t···-~··!.~~t···..·-·--t--·----t·-~-~~L~t·---·--~·--·2.~t_-2?t-·----···ICooPe' I rrc"_' 1: i .. 0.0;>: 005: 0.03. -T" 0,1

~..r·r:!::.·----·_-----t··--···~:~j--·E;?L.··t··---·E;.1Jj.- ...~..~:.~?;.--":.?~:?l-!.E::.~ ..---.-.~--":.?;~.(n----·t-.--_.!Irolang_ "'9'''..: 0.05: C.22! .. 0.03: .. 0.03! .. 0.0:31 : a.C'3tIt>"" UM~: 5"6: g 6! 61 59'

t~;~:~~;::~~·~·~t-·····-;;:~i·---~····t-·····---t··-·-··-t-··----t---~·--···--·1-··-··~·~t·----~~;?t-·----" ....."nn" fCaC031 I ft.: 71 ! 571 15.2! '''.8

l ~~·~!!::·~·~·~_···t·-···~·~~~~·-··-~··-TI-----.~~~..-.----~-.-_.-~----!?~l·--·--·;----·~~~T! _._.._..!!~l _[S:xIII,Im mcIL: 250: 4.~ 33.(: 33.(, 27) : 18 IlS:.J:'a::e I J'n:J.-".: 25(., 17) 12.(: 16~ 16:

f~~;;;;~:"-----'-' --.....~!-._--~-. ---~.Eo~·-·-···-·?{~j·--·-·J.~~r-··~··~·?l--···-·-+_··-~.?;~+ .....-..._- -----..I ~ ...l:l'5ro....: .. c:.•.Or'!l'oO.p '1., .. 0 OS:

~~:,.~:,.~.,-.T'~:~;!·--rl .._-.-.~L__·.J-··t·-..!.E.~+·--···-.-..i-.--....i-··----r1...----L.---.L..-- ----.J 101&t 1,n.'aDe ('!':;,S) ~::..: soc: ~; : I 'Itc,.;.,,,,,,,",, I ""'!t-.. : 0 OS:. 5.8: 1.2: e.3' .

rl:;::;;;...T·;:~······--··_··· I ·-..:;:;;i·~~----i~··-·t·····-·-·--·t··-··-·---+-··-·-·-t-·..._ ...- ···..·····-·-i·..-·_·_--j··..-_·t-·--_··t ....on..cOI'1o·n; 1 ct,:lC,Cm-J.: ::.>010 I 01 o!

f;;;.~;,,~;;;·-····------··-··t··-·-···;;;:;d·--+·-· ..-------t..--.!.---..--t.----..---- ----+------+----.-.-_.-!voc.. I t 33N:J, 33NOi 3ON:J 33ND

·---t-·--:-·--·--t--f·-i--·-t·--_· .-.--

ND, NO NO' NONO, Z6t Noi NONO! -O:~1 NOt++.._~,-'-,.""1:'"..,..'..,..,

~~~-'TnaJ,um +"""'"'"~Ilf"

~!'!~?c'!.?:?!:y~nytfIoII~Nll*. bromo

.....t~. Ohooro

~~~~;;;;"!:.?:'·~--·-_·t··--·-~i-·-··~- .--- ·-----i----t-----I---~:5~-Z~t·_·--~"'--~5C~C1One>:......

~~~~.~.~.~....-l.ClChtorOClituoorolrol.tn."ej

:l.::;!'! ;oro!r~: uoroE Ir...".

~M.~r' I-bo.tTt.••I~!--.Nr,.r.N

S"""

!,0:

,-'"NO: ND NO' NO

c 0.03

No1 ND .... NO

Hoi ND1-;200 NONO: NO "_ NO

NO .. NOT DE1'EC'TE

-t~~~l~~~s~i~hiii~~ii pr5:~~·~·!_+·I I

+-i~~~L~:~EeE~·---....;·--....;-~~;~·H~~~~t-:~~~f-.~~~t-~~k~j-.!·~~~~;~r~·~t·-~!·~~~i-..!2~~SAr.lPLING DATE 109-16-n 02·06·80 ~ 07·27.8' I 'Q·e3 \ Q$..1~·83: o..(l.&.8A I Q7.(XI.·87 \ 08·2Q..S1:- ,e>.Xl·87

.·_:-·_~--tIoIC~ : f 1 Itt--;;;;;L'·-·oos: I .0:-';;';- .ooosl .o:"",t- • """,t-

Sanum ~: 1: I < '.00l < 0.101 I < o~l

e.c~""m:.... + ~ ..: om; I <C.O..!I' <o·~l i <O~~!l _CP1fOlTW.lm mg;l. < 0.05 < 0_031 ! < OCDl

L-eI moI\..: O.OS' I < O. 0.0'. c 0.01! < 0.01i

......cury ~: 0.002: < o~. < 0.00' T-' < o.OCl1lN~ ····n. N02.NQ3. N -,,;;il~. 1oj·- 1.1j 0.73: 1.11' C.i5~;:C7ls.-"","" 0.01: < 0.01 < 0.0051 0.005 < O.CC5

Si~ ~: C'~L- < O.C~~l O'O.!l I < 0 CDIFuerCle ~-;;;,;;;.i AT--- 0.;21" 0.22: 0.22 02"ir--·C:2r

-_.-

!~tr~~S~AIDna

R~_

A.ad'um Z26..__.._ -

~!pC4l:pCJl.: 20000:

pClIl: ~P(;-4: - 1--

3.2,

.~

1.5 0,1

t"".+

2.61r·

+I I

:~:~y------····t·-·-·~~···-··-··~-··t----t·······-·-···i·_··--·t-·_·---t-·--_·_·j···_··-·@~~t·-·-·~·E:??f·---..-.+.-----..jill-I'

~~-----··-···t·····--~L~~.-J..~~.~~! ...:e-!.?~.~j ~!~.:~~---~-----L -!E~·--~li __.__-!.L _Color un,",: 15: Ol ; 1 I : I :c..aoo-r 1..: 1: < 0,1 0.1 I < 0.10:

~7~·~------···+·--··~i--·o~~1·-·-···--o~:~f··-···~·:~~~t-·-c:iJt----·t-·····--··!······-··o~;~t··-·o~:~t···-·-·_-t---··pH un!Ul: 7.6. 8.1: 5.5: 7.S~ 6031 6 C5:

!.~.~:.~~;?~!..~~~e·~!lj -~~ ..--~-. ··-··--~11······--·-~··--··-~t----·jl --..- ~.----..~.~~ --~~~4---.--~_ ..--..Calc",,,,, .....ftlnes. "'9'L.:: : : 171 15; ;

.... :11..1'.."" fC.CC3) £5 52, 3! 5061 118: 13.1:

~;:·~·~·····t······~~l···-··~J····..----:i>t······ ~ 51 t·_··-·-·······~···--····i1t···-·;·;~~t···_~·~~· __·_-Suit..:. l'T'IQ.'l: 25C: 1S1: 1&1 15:

~~~~~;---_.- ----:;:~~.._-t- ---t-- t·----+---~·?!t··_-~g~~t··----1----··P"""D"'.I•. OS 0"1'101" rrw:!l; Ii! 1

~~~~~;:;i5~r··· ·_·_-~j···-··~~·_·t-·-_·--·t···-···--+_·----t-·---t----i··-----·t----+·---+-------~'Cl'um l'T'IQ.'!..; 0.05: l I j

..__...~.-.----L.----L- --...L-----J...---.~.---; ._. ..:: 0_011 < 1.00: < 1.001 ; 0: CI 0:

201 i 0' J:

~~'-~~.:..---.-.-...~~- -H----·+··- :-----+--.--t-..-----+-----j-.---+--+.---.! ·1.3oI"i ·31Y21

Tu!'tl<llfy ~:c.;;~~··T-;-.-----j~~I;·oc;;r--;r·-

"'~old01"m e:."OCml: ~1:

·--;---+---+-----+---t····-;o:-J·-·-·-·-+·-·-·-._._------&e-vi,um ·--~--H---+--

I 31 NO 3J NOj

."NO;

kol NO: kD-,N01kOI kD

NO' NO; ND

k~t NO: kOkD ";D: kDNO 0.99:

··---·-·-+---+---+---t---+--+----··._--~,_._;_.-' ,~.!~.~.;.!!.~~_._-EII't~. leUAc::ftlOtO

1.Z;:IlCnlorotrtl'tvl<an. c.

Efn~. d'l1CltO

'''''''''

"'-'-. bromolIl..t\aroe. chlQrO UQI'k:~.~I'tyr I.~'" .II"'!--+_...,=~~.'i"')"'_rat.N mgIl.: 10:

~~~~.~~.~ '-~Old1lQrodllulorolol.thart

DlChll7OtrttluoroE than.

Thd'~---E"~~~'!!l'- ~

Sika--""etr.ane. dld1lOro--

...n.a.... In:hlD1O

T_ +·----1-:

02

1_~~':.~.:?L 118101:.'11 "8'0':.'13:131' i --8c20;1" &con

1Q.19-tw I 07·C9-B7 OS·lO-87

11810'3:. 2.g-;5~··

CK-Oo&-8'" :

~.~.10:.~l 1 '_~.~~.'_?j. 1.~8 '.~.~~~_~:t!_~~~~.i! ·\XI60482! ·~S3: .gQ64B5! ~~sc 1

02·06-80 07-27·81: ~13·82 j 05-13·82

IolCl ~ 1""'9U'-' o.osf < c.COS: < 0005",----r < OJXl5

1: <0.10: <O.5C: <0

~.~~ o.o~~_ ~:;:~ <!~~~+-. <c:O~~o1tl.." "'0-'1,..: 0.05: 0.02: c: 0.01, 0.16:

~.NC2.N03'-N-r---~~-l?-··~~,,~,,·~-t----;;2.~,o.·I--·::':0~~~~:---+----t-...:.~O"':·~~i----t-·-~·~:_1;t--S..NIIf'! lI'1QIl..: 0.0l: o.~: '" 0.005: I '" 0005

-::i~ ~:.~I-t--1J- o·q~L c:~:~_'-~... t· "'E;~l.

EPA NUIoIBERS",UfPlE Nij';SERSAMPUNG OA.TE

7:~:~~..~ ,.t ..~~j ~UranIUm I DCiIl:

IZ.~~------·t-·_··;;:t~·- ~.-""oo~n ...m 1 ~1.'

·--f--:----I

0.076; I 0.091--O.-o.;,ar----r--.-6:cir----c: 0.01: I '" 0,011

---;-b-:~~··-----·--t---·~.E·~f·----·-..--·-----f-----:---1 I 1

~~.!; . ._l....-....~"':L---.--L--"''''''"'O''':y I tre-'l= :

~!-------·_·t--··-~~t--?-~1···+-··_~~~t·---J:l+----t----t---·2~~-----t--~l---~!eooc- rf'QfI..: 1: I 0.1; '" O.,!)" r o.1i

~7~~--·-···--·---·t---·-·---;;:ti----o~1---t-···-···ii:~it·---i~i-·--··_-t·--·--t·---·---~;~~·-··------t··-·--o~:!f'-----P'"'! ......1:" 6.21 5.5: 7.• ; 6"1 6.06

~:~~~::;~~·~~·~t--··-·--;:i~----+-t-·--···---~+_---_·3C~-----t----f-----;~···------·t----?:~:1-·----~;~AkuMy Cc.co31 ! r.'OI1..: Bl 4, ~; I 11.31 11.6

i::':·~-~~·~·--t·-·-~·~~i----··2;Ci---t-·-----3Bf_--··-Zi~·-----t-·----t---.?~-~·~-··---·-T-------~1·---'~S ..."..::. ! ""COiL: 250' 1E:.'I' 161 15

~~_;_v_;;_----t·----~i·-----1-···t--·-- ---1---·~----·+·_·~-~~~1·---:>,",~""~1•. D.Om.o.P I _.

~;:z;;7:;!~~-~-r-·-t···---·-~j··-··MOj-··-t---------- ·--·-····-·i------f--------··t---·-i-----------·t··--·-·- i -.-----.

C~tOu"., mQIl: O.~: I I

+-- +- -+ I!_.-c 0.:-31

:.'11 NO! 31 ND :l2 NO! :l3 NO :l3 NO

iI

I NO! NO

I NoT NONO NO

+- N~fNO

NO NONO NO

-~:-.UOQI1o.;

-~:

~i.....'~,

.....'... ~:

e:,.;;;;;.;---- ..+v=.E!~'(, ...... trocrolQtO fE;~,,:;,;;;;-:·;;;~,;;~ ---~ .~Iel'lloroet" len. c.1i

E Il'Iy..... cnlOrOS;;~ ..CYCIO"""""ChIOl'Ol ....oroMell'la...

cioch~·Md~i;~i:i;i~';elDC'I'lootrrlluaroEt".....

:_':'.!!.i1lfTl

,,",-n

NO,."

NO

~tn~~~~,,~_.1-_..:>:-?"---......., - ~-,~:

.....,..,... (7100

!';'.!!_~r.'_!~t-_e.?--'---..J"'II,..,."" --IS....

'-Aefn..ne. dodlloro-

"''-II'1.ane. trocl'llol'l>

:~~

NO .. NOT DE"TEC'TED

ICONCORD WA TER OE.PARTWEHTTop'w'-; ,00:"9-'OF-" --'-T -+- +-

cOOl

c 0.0.:5

t·ocxi6t-

I

·---i---i-t-:~~t-:g~~:j--¥i~t-:-~~1·-:~~~f--:~~itt--i~:! 10·20-" j 02·08·80 ; 12-0\1;-8' ! C2~-81 10-22-B8; 06-1 HI) i C7-0B-fW

.-~,,~ -~--t- .~."&'1.: 0.05: c 0.05;

H ... O_~ cOlO;

eao UI'l'1..._ -

EPA NUMBERS-A¥P"CE'NlihisER--

,SAI.'PUNG DATE

s_ ~: 0.05: c O.05i c 0.011F"'"""-:-------;.------~1--·~~ cO. ,OJ- cO.10: c o~o;i-----,f-----i-----+--"OC,~,

I I!.~!_~!~_~_.. ~L___L. ----__l.. , .L-__.scr- A!DI'a c:ClIl:! c '-'Xll : c 1.001

--_.~._--_.; c 1,OO!

~~~-----1--·-··~~---1·_- ----1---- ------:-._---_.,

~:.':'~~~._----"'.nAClUtTl

----~:--:.---- ------;---+---+._- <0.05

l\I.oal........•-_._--- -~t--+-----f·---+--t·---!----4-------! __..~~:.9

~~;~_ .._-_._. '···--···~~··-o.~j·---t·-···;·~:~-·--_;_o.~~t·---·--·-o~1r----- ----+-·--·-t--·-;·O~~0""' I ',1"11':" 6.!>i 6.7; 72: 5.9

!-~-~-~~~~..~~:l- ...--~i·---·~-··t·--~T'-----~··---'-·r' --- .-..---1·--·----t'.----!~CalCIUm ......00...... 1 ~: , : : 8.5

AIlt .. ~l'IftV Ic..C03\ 7.~ i: 131 1 ••

~1·~~·~·--t···--~~i·---2&i1-·-t---'-.8t----~L---7t._--..--- ----""""E-------+----.-~S-,,:..te I ~'.: 2~; I i 5.64

-::-:---~.--':lI:o:..---.L-t..·-·f t'-- ----~----tL- .0__"Pt1!U'u,,"" ! ,..",:1.: : :

i~;:Z~·;:;!~6~·;.···i···-····~i·-···~t-··t-··---· ·······--·i··----·t·---t·----+·----+·-··-·--C.-'DUm i rrc;1.: C.C5: !

~.~~~.~:;:.--.._---+-----~+--+.- ----f--·---+-·-+--·---..---;------t---""onc:on~", •. La e'..' 5,1.: I j 64;'1

t;:::::.··T-;:····-····_··-·t·;.;.;;·ci6~j··--·__·it·- ···-·:;~~~·_-·-:.-;~ooi-·_~·:oot··-----1·-·_········i····· .._._...+- -.-."'en-Cou1:Y1'"' ct;#:lQO.... t! 2'Jl: < lCC,X

vOC'.

~~;:;~ ?;;~~~. +l..7.)ichloror,nvlen. 1;.'~.!~X~;.~S........

CV~.~

Chi(>tOjIVOf()II.'.tI'\a'"..•_ _.•.....•..._.Oictl_ocll .. lcwoMel" .

DoC!'ltoroTr!tlllOrOETh .

Thall..m

...-.Acrytonltr.

Et~"2~~oe.tt"'inr1

.~~.-'.....,-::z+.....,-:::tr

·H -to --+:n NO; 32 ND

II

"'''''''''''',eo-omoMell\ane. C!'IIQrD

~.~':r'_!:buI)'I .~,

NtlWJ..N

5iaea-"''''I'\aToe. Chct'llOtO-

...elh...... trCl'llOtO

T",_

,,'

NO .. "«JT DE'TEC c:.

€_~~_~~~~¥..:.~...-:;- , L-SAMi":.E "'u~BER 1 :,SAJ,lPltt.lG DATE

'" O.Ot j 0_0061 '" 0.005

< 0..0021 < O·~~t'-__+--_+_"""",,,,,;lO""j 0.1: 0.'. < 025

C,Ot,

< 0.005'" 0-:-0; < 0.0051

< 1.00 < 0,101

: ~:~ < ~~~t,-< 0.05j '" 0.01:

I I I5010161 5(11018: 5010161 501016! 501016, 501016

-:-gge~7+-:g·gm-;·r7iXiBQ26r--=-siS918j-:i:989Z5-~--.tm5

10·20-77 OZ.08-80' lZ-09-f.lO 1Q-22_8Z I 08-11·83: 07-08-84

+-1......."''C

'Sanum

t~~

:=:':.:.------·f----~~-~~~-0&: 0,051 : '" c.o11

--<-0:'01'··--<-0-.-'0-'--<-0-.10."'----;,----\---<"0".,:1I I

Racoro oas I pCl/\..' 20000:

c;:-::-~-----t"'--~~i---i-t----

----·--~----t----·_._-+._..?:~

~;:.-..--..l--...s~!---Ei--+--t-- . ..!_~~;~o~~~~ __!_.-"!f'l~-?..~~--..!.--_1~~_<..~.£?~--~-~!'.:.~T~-·--_l----~._.~Cotor I unItS: 15, I 01: :CocDe. r-r. '1.., 1: '" 0 101 < 0 101

i 0,1----T·--;-o~C:i

"22''2

f 11 lZ, 10( 81

---·,O:~·---i2+---~7t---t---·i-_2?;··63.32

::;~~;;;;;-····----·t·__···-;;:~j-···/~~···· --~~:~--·-oE6Ji···~~t----pH unll.: 6.51 71: 7,t

:'~-~-~~~~!-~~~'~!i-'-' ~L_ ~1" 20: 8t- -

t 0&: 0.10

~:I'~~--_·t---~.!:j--++--.- :---t·_-t-·-+··---

I r;-;~_~_...., ':"' .. Ol"lnoP l mp.!L:

~~::::;~·!~~~r···l---·-~~i-·····5OCj···+-·_-----t----+-_·-- -----t----+-----·-lea1eo"'.... ~ I mg.'1..: C C5, I

31 NO

.l-.

---f--,

t

t

-~:...... '~l......,....,~i

---~:--:-.[

~~:;;;.--T~--·-_·-··-_·t-·~;;;·E6~j·_····-~··-t-----~~t---~1~re1--·-:;-,-:oot-----· ---··--,...---·-"61".j()t'...cOl.1Qr1""1 ! CIS!100....c 2':)1, j I

_-L~ll,vm

\rue'.~:::.!.~~:_t;.~.?~__E'.....'-.... 'IMra:n1Ofl:l

'.2:)ocl'llO.c.\n...... c.

~~~~:.~S""'MCyC1Ol>e.......

~~~~·~~·~···-·t··OoehIOtOdl'luloroU.lh*"_

OlCr,,,,"ol,,Iil,Jl)rgi;l:laro.

Th:alII.If':"::.. -!-""'='YIonllrioa

Elr:~~lOl"~r

""'«l'Iane. bromo

....-l",...... c:ruoro

~-r;r.'. l-buIyl .,,.,.,

Nt'.-I..N

Sj~

,01

."-......,I\aI'III. aoenlD_

... .-l/'lar>e. ll"et'ltI)f'I>o

T~_~:;-'-+-+, 0&: 5,00

p.o ... "'OTO£TEC.

-+I lCONCCRD WATER DEPARTWENTCi'p'w'-j-,ooc;-C;-';-i"S I

S~·~~·P~,.~E~~~U§~·S--E-A--t-----'----!--+~ ~-':??J--~~£:l-_·~~·'??T' ~.:??l__~_!_~?~__~~.~?_ _ '" ·998923! -9Q892'J: -9989:?2 -i98;17! ....98Sl21 : 43?86

SAMp!'I"'C. D TE 1,,)-2'-77 02.08.80; 12-09·80! 10-22-82 DB·' 1-83 : 07-08-Soil

-to, "lel :._~~: "O:05~

moIL! 1;~L 0.01:"'9'1.:

._cBanlJm

c.e""'\,ImCnr~"m::...-----·f-

,...-~'Y

N"~n.N02.N03.N

S._uum

mo.-\.:

-~:1\..,

0.05:

0=-iii:

0.01:

c 0.051< 1.0Cl

c o.Ollc 0.051<0.051

c C.oc:?lO_Z2l

cO.Ol

< o.oS:

.. ci.OO5 r--"c 0.10

cO.~.~~ _.. 0.011

.. 0.011

c o.OOlL0.11

.. O.OO5!

c 0.005

0.028

c 025

c 0.006

.. 0.10:

< 0.01

c 0.10 .. 010

Tou.l UI~r.ar-.._.._.__.-...-S~n Aiph.a

"""""~",,",,22'6.............-..Uran:u",

~ipCiJU

oClIU 20000:pClIl: s:oc'i-i --,--

-- _.!-.. 1·001

OJ

------t-----+---- ----+-~.~

;~:~·;;-------t··-···--~j----I-··t---------+----t----t··----1----<.-?.1.?, I

~~~·!.··-·---_i···_·~~i--?~j··-t-~-:.~;~~'Ei---'~t·---- ----~.---...!.?Ccu:oef ~: 1: ,",0.1eR ,",0.101

~~~·;;;;----_t·····_·~~·-o~1- ···-··~·~:;~-···-2:~~·---·o:~t··_·-··-·l·-··-----·i·-·-· -ii;~DI'" Uf"rtsi ~ 8.9: 7.1! 82

:.~.~.~~~~!.-~E9.~:l..-..-.~~---~--t---~tl- ...---.~---2 !i~.. . .~-_...1.~..2.--C&;CIU"" l-l&ICI~' 1 "OIL: : : I : g SAlkaMItV ,c.co31 .: 16i 1S: g: 6

.~::.;;.·~~--i·····..~~~F·--25C~····f··-·····-71·-·--·-i5~····-·--it···--·--- ...--_.-.+.-._..!.~~ISUl'UIT. 250, I 6.71

i+- --t !---,,~P,,~O"-\•. Oa.OrT!1oP 1.:

~~.~.:..!.~..~~:.~_.l ...- ..~.'!-.L__.LTe:&I hn....t". roOS] J 1'1'&1.: 500:Ca;Qum ~L: 0.05:

-----i-----f---+-------+-------

~..!V~-~---+-----~"'i----i-- --------r------+----t-----honCOl"row.'''•. La .._r SoLi

!.~.~!. -.---.l.- !:0.~L_-...1-t~L --.J.--.--.L-.---.COII'lom'l, TO!. I C1101100ml: 1: Dl < '00: '"' 1.001

Non-e.:>lrlo'''' elli>l~:JOml; 2::':

------:·---6: '"' to':l.X

-----1-- - -----f--------+----~;~:=~·7~;;~~;·- 1--··-~1··-+-·· .....- -----i----, .2OoehoO·""· ~"..". e.

32 NO

---;-_.__..

~~_Iof~.~.~ lDlCtllcwoclItUICW'CIoI.than"

Dic'hIOl"mr"IL,O"tlE'II'I..".

Il..i

-~+

~,....,....,UQ.1I.:

r---'-~:

Tt'I&I,UlT'I:;;; -+Acroieirl

"""""".....E ,!:~.!.~ror~:.rt'""ylMeofnane. bremo

1wl.1'Iaoe. d'>JOrO

~.~!;!l.!~)'t .met""11a'l..NS,,,,-,

1Ith&ne. doef'lloro

""ethane. tJiehlCf'l>

T"'~

r.o .. IIOT OETECTE

I If 201012) 2OtCH2: lO1012f 2Ot012 1 20101;(,I ~;8g0;iT- ~B8077't-:-mlO~t-":'mA-O(J "(ofl.806!i1;

I D,J..Q6·75 04-27·7&: lC-ZS-n 06-25-1; 10-2&-79!

I

~-~:~~~~:8ER-1-S ...... ptING p ....TE

! BELMONT w-'TEA WORKSTOi-lw'i-.."o. iHEWER;----- t -+

2010121 2\:101<' 2'01012.!Xi~g~t-:m:i99t---·i~S7

02·C5-$O! ~"9-a2 cS-Q&.es

ca.., It: 0.05!

.....""Y - ~: OOCZ'-j--;;;;;;.;;;~ .... 1'\I02.N03, N- --itt .. 0.1 o.t:S.-.'urn 0.01?

SO- ~t..: o~i

F~~. j -;;;;;;:, .l; .. 0.10;

A.r~rl1(;

San",",

e..c"""" tC","'"""'m.'------..-

MCL1Tt;.1T'·-O:05;

\'

0-01:T-

l-e 0.05\ c 0.01 '" O.tXl5j c 0.005• 1.00 c 0.1 c 0.501

< 0.011 c .?:~j. c:Q.OO5i-_..._. .,..--"~-o:c-3Tc 0.051 0.031

c 0.0$1 ,",0.01 c 0,01. e O.02~

<O-~~:l -_1- ~.~:~!J-0..21 O~l 0261 O.3!>! 0.43

<cO.Ol cO.Ol <It tlJ'05 c 0.005

.. O.OSl '" o.oll .. 0.00:'1..-...----:t... 0.10 ;O~;01 .. 0,10< a.l0! 0.1

I:=:~!:~,~~- _._~.~~.·--++---+---+-.-,;-;;L--- -_.--!-.---+----""'._. -.,.._........... 0( '.cOT-- < 1.CC:

~~~~-.--- --~t--~t-t----1---+---+---1----+---t---+----·

::.:-..,-----·+·--gf-+·t·--, ~----+=:r----·j.·---+-_·-,,·,,·t"--'-O,.o:JT , " I ' ~--r . i

~;;,;;;;_·--_·-·-·1--·~~··o·~~····t--~:~Il··-·-~·~:~~··-·-·t~+··--o~-~f--·······-·~··--·--·o:·;~t'"····-o~o·U···---~:fOM VMs: 6 .•1 fl.!;!: oS! 6.31 fi31 7.; 6

!·C?:·~_~:!~!.·~·~·~!l__~~-··-_+_.L---2~~·-·--~~_·---~·_·--~~·---·~·---·~·~T'---~~TI....---~c..1CllJf'rl~. 1 ""9'\.: : I· I : I I: 1

A~a..rlltY fC.C031 m.;;.1..! '81 III i>l 12; '2.

~~.!-~.~.~._'..--~~~ ..--.....i... .jl . ! __J. ~...-_--.._L_-..-.l.---~.~~:SOO...,m '"WI.: ~~ '.1 181 : :la! 161 1

Sullal. r"'C'!..! 2'50; I • ,8:2

~;:.;~;----- .._- -··_-;:t~·----~-··· ...._-._~.---- ---.--1---.--+------ _.--..~:~P">oW;o"-lfI:. O. 0111\0.'" ~:

~;:i,;;;:;:~if--····--·~tt_-;X;~··-+---_··t-····---j······---+·-·-··---t..··----··-t···-·--·-t··..-----i····---···cac..m '·.~/l: 0,05,

-_.-..- ." --.+-.

-,~:-,~j-,-~:"",,-,~.;-,t,IQ.-'k;

~~

~.!~-~:_~Sov-

~~~;-~~~.ftl'l)'_. llJ'..-:1'IOI'l:l

1.20lChIU"Otl"n ..,,,. C;: ..

O'C'+ll()t'Ofl'ltluoroEt.......

Tl'\Ull,ll'ne- +--"'..!~~~~-~

C~e .._

~~~~-~~.. j~~:Old'!lOI'DClifuI(Ir'OMetrl.,.,.. ~:

-'.,.,.".-,,-

~~. brOOT'lO

lIoo\r.r1&IM. C'ltorO

"".!'f' ~:~r._~ro-r __t,;1 •.t..N

S_.-......,l_f\&J'>e. dtChlOrt>

""_n,.,f'.e. tnchlPro-

-fO +~ :: I 101"10121 1071012: 107'0121 1071012l 107'012; 1011012

-----r--n-:-gge7;·;!-99ii.ur99i;7~r-·:~j·..9i--·.5006i·--w·i!;0!)..-18·77 02·()!)-80: 00-26-80 r 12-07-82 \ OQ-CH15: 12-15-86.

&~~-----t---~t-E:.q!.t-·--76:~-- i~~~t f~;~~::i.-.:l mat1..: 0.05: I c O.O5l c 0.01l .. C.Ol c 0.005

,-'R~

~~~"!_.~\,J'llr\'UtTl

t:C,/l; 20000;

pClIL! ~cCVi:r- -1'-

~~~~-----~t---~t-·_·_·+- ----+..-- +--;-~~looIOIl'De....Ul'l"l '1..:: .. 001

~~~!~_~ .-+.__~,:L__L. ._~..__..-t-_.--f._-~---~~;~A"fI~ I mcl1.i :: 'I l 'c 001

i I : ' i

i::~;::;/~g~r·_·t·--····-'~i·---500l·_··t·_---_· ···_··__·_-~-_······· __·t···_--_·-t·_--+----Ca>C>\.i"'" I rro.'l..: c.es! I

~~'-~-~-----+-----~~----+--T---- ----i ---_·--t---- ---+---

~O.10

-1-

NO/'IOO"'~N •. l.-"O....... l St.; : I C.8l;Jl5! -3.0081

~~··1~~·__·--t~~i;·~~·-_··_·t-·· -----;·~:~i-··------3it···---~-·i~oof-·-·;-i~·--·--1----·-0."oon-eoino'T"l en/' oo..,!: .201; I ct

;;;;:;,~;;,-------+---·;;;d---++---+_·_·+--+---._---~-~-o:-,:c'Joe. 32 N!):

~!~-~:!~.~.~.~~--_..~-._._~~-_.---~- ---j'---- -; ---r'---_..'._--'.---el...,l_. 11l'f:-aN'lIl::l"O I ~: :1.2Docl">'Of1;>l!fInr~. e.-Ii Ul)i\<;

~!~X~·~ 1_ ~Ls",_ 1 "Q"k:

Cye'lOl'>e'-_ j UQ!ol:

~~~~!!_~._.-! ~:Old'llOfodl:lulOtaM.man. UQl'ki

D~lQrOrr"luoroEm~. ucJlI:=: ~~..... ~;

E"'~~t'.....I-~i-

~i--++---l--+---l-----1

M,-,:~. Cf't1QlrO

f~~-~-but~ ~~;"_+----;;;;;;:":~i

s""'"-:!.~..I~."ienbl'O'

·loCtI't~..... t1-id'llOlO-

;01.....,.

""

~.~~.~~~~~_~._-:. , :-L_S!!~~

SA,MPlE NUUBER :: I eHI'26

SAUF't,.lNG DATE 01-08·88

~::,m:;m:-----f-'--"-;;;;'~ij._~·~:l- cCO~l~ moIl= 0.05: c 0_005

......cury _~~ O.~~ < o.eXl1N;j~.n. N02.N03. N rnQIL: 1(k

S.lenLUm 0.01=

S,_ ~' o.05i. _~~e?Fb:Y1Oe -,,·;;ij:'1 ----,;-0.1

:.?!.~!.lrl~~._S~A~

;:;""onQ&.ll

Rad'um 226U.~..",

~icC~'l:

pOll! 20000;

pClI'l: ~

;;c:ii:i

,3100

Atumonu..,:- f __ .._~};L..-_E_ < D.C5vanaa...., 1""9-'I.!: < 0.01

/rolO<Y!::lOef'lUl'n ~1..; "' DCl

~~------t--·--~t·--~j·-CoPoe. ''l: H

1~.5

0'

NO

NONO

0_'~ 0.0'3

PI"1 ..,.,nt: 6.5

:.'?!~~~~~~..~~_~ljl.-.--~i.---L+----l.1JCalc...., ha",_, ft'IOILt: 'J.8.;

.....alfn"... {CaCC31 HUI

~~;;-~·~~~·-t--~~~f-250~--~:Sufl&:. I frQ.'l: 250,

~~~;!;;~~·F·'·-----~1·-·-~~··-+----c.a.c. ...m l'T'Q.'l: 0_05:

T",rlXifl}' Nl1J::0;;;;;;;;;--1;;---- --';;;;;-oo;';-,~----i!--- -------c""or>-Colf1o<m I elt:l:)OoT.:'; 2C~;

e..-yl'um : ··-----;;:;;.;:t-··-t- c 0.00

voc. 3:3 ND

~!~.~;-!~.~-~.._.-ll···---~i----~-f----EII'l'l'_. 11It.&etllCtO UQ.Il<: :

t .20ocnlO.CMllhy..... e.

~.~!.~.:"1ofOs..,....

~~~~::.~ ·-::tiDefllorotr1lll,JOf'CtElluln. U9"<i

T....~'- -;__~--'."i;__+-;_--".~O-~l'=t

~ ~:-,~~r-.!:~1!~ _~'~'_""='-_t__-;:,;N;;j0N'rm...N " n'OILT 10; C.S:;

Si~

---Mel"""'.ctic:ft~

101_"-.... tnl::l'\ton>

T_

NO .. NQTOETE...TE:

APPENDIX III

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

FINAL REPORT FOR

BOSTON SAND & GRAVEL

HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION/GROUNDWATER IMPACT ANALYSIS

OSSIPEE AGGREGATES

OSSIPEE, NEW HAMPSHIRE

AUGUST 5,1988

FINAL REPORT FOR

BOSTON SAND & GRAVEL

HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION/GROUNDWATER IMPACT ANALYSIS

OSSIPEE AGGREGATES

OSSIPEE, NEW HAMPSHIRE

AUGUST 5,1988

Executive Summary/Conclusions

BCI Geonetics, Inc. was contracted by the Boston Sand &Gravel Company on June22, 1987, to conduct Phase II of a hydrogeologic investigation specifically targeted toevaluate existing and/or potential impacts that active gravel mining, occurring at theOssipee Aggregates Facility in Ossipee, New Hampshire, has had on local groundwaterquality/quantity conditions. The Ossipee Aggregates facility overlies eX1ensive sand andgravel glacial drift deposits which have been identified by the United States GeologicalSurvey (USGS) as an area in Ossipee that is highly favorable for groundwaterdevelopment. (Availability of groundwater in the Saco River Basin, East Central NewHampshire, USGS WRI39-74.)

The need to conduct a study such as this had arisen from recent increased publicawareness and concern for maintaining high quality groundwater supplies. Since sand andgravel excavation operations, such as the Ossipee Aggregates facility, are often located inareas deemed favorable for developing potable groundwater supplies (due to theirsimilarities in geologic environment), conflicts in use between local governing agencies andprivate gravel industries have evolved. Many of these conflicts are based upon the premisethat sand and gravel excavation activities serve to degrade groundwater resources whichthey overlie.

Based upon the results of a detailed hydreologic investigation which included theinstallation of 20 observation wells on site and the collection and analysis of 80 waterquality samples over a period of twelve months, BCI concludes the following:

A) The Ossipee Aggregates facility overlies a substantial water-bearing aquifer capableof yielding three-to-four million gallons per day of potable groundwater on site.

aCIGEONETICS, INC.

B) Groundwater flows in a general northwest direction. No changes in groundwaterflow rate or direction were observed between August. 1987. and July. 1988.Furthermore. a study conducted by BCI in the spring of 1983 relative to groundwatertable elevations also showed groundwater flowing to the northwest. Continuedmonitoring of the local groundwater table demonstrates that gravel mining activitieshas not significantly impacted groundwater movement below the site (Plate I.Appendix A).

C) The average groundwater gradient is .0058 to .0167 ftlft. Hydraulic conductivitiescalculated for subsuriace sand and gravel deposits range from 13 to 26 feet/day.The average groundwater flow rate (seepage velocity) of groundwater beneath theOssipee facility ranges from .77 ftlday to 2.23 ftlday. This indicates that ifcontaminants entered the groundwater environment. it would likely take between224 to 650 days to travel 500 feet under static water level conditions.

D) The established groundwater monitoring program already in place will act as anadequate early warning system 0f properly monitored) should contaminants everenter the groundwater regime. Remedial action could then be promptly initiated.

E) The closest and only significant user of groundwater adjacent to the Ossipee facilityis the Salmon Rearing Facility on Rou1e 10. Water quality tests conducted at thefish hatchery indicate that the active mining operation has not detrimentally impactedgroundwater quality at the hatchery.

F) Based upon the results of nineteen volatile organic compound (VOC) analyseswhich evaluated 57 organic chemicals (included as part of a list of EPA's "prioritypollutams"). it was found that no volatile organic compound contamination of anykind was detected in the groundwater underlying the Ossipee facility. Thesesamples were generally taken within the excavation area and down-hydraulicgradient of the site between August. 1987. and May. 1988. Such results indicatethat past and present gravel mining operational activities have not contaminatedlocal aroundwater resources with volatile organic compounds.

G) Based uoon the water quality data presented to date. concentrations of iron ingroundwater generally improve (decrease) in active or previously mined areas. Ironconcentrations observed in groundwater located up-hydraulic gradient of the activeexcavation area averaged nearly 2.5 parts per million (ppm) whereas groundwatersampled within the excavation area during the study period averaged only 0.108ppm. This represents a very substantial improvement (I.e.• order of magnitude) ingroundwater quality. (The recommended limit for iron concentrations in drinkingwater is 0.30 ppm.)

aCI GEONETICS. INC.'

H) Manganese concentrations observed in all the sampled wells were extremelyvariable. 87.5 percent of all groundwater samples taken between August, 1987, andMay, 1988, in the study area, exceeded recommended levels for manganeseconcentrations. Elevated manganese concentrations were determined to be alocally natural phenomena as high concentrations of manganese were found ingroundwater samples in areas up-hydraulic gradient from the excavation area, withinthe excavation area, and down-hydraulic gradient of the excavation area. Theresults of this study indicate that elevated concentrations of manganese ingroundwater are not related to gravel mining activities.

I) pH values for groundwater were found to be moderately to slightly acidic, rangingfrom 4.0 to 6.5 when measured directly in the field. The average pH value for allgroundwater samples as measured in the field was 5.2. However, all samples werealso analyzed in several New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services'state-approved laboratories. pH values measured in the laboratory resulted insubstantially higher pH values, ranging from 5.6 to 8.9. The average pH asmeasured in the laboratory for all groundwater samples analyzed during the yearwas 7.0 (neutral). This is generally considered as an ideal value for groundwaterquality. In general, pH analyses completed for all sample points during the yearwere very irregular, ranging by as much as 2 pH values in a single monitoring point.

J) pH values for oroundwater measured directly in the field and in the .laboratory werefound to be most favorable in the aravel excavation areas. The average pH forgroundwater samples in the excavation area was 5.6 (field) and 7.1 (laboratory).The average pH for sampling points measured directly in the field and up gradient ofthe Aggregates facility was 5.3. The average pH for down gradient sampling pointswas 4.9 (field).

K) pH measurements for surface water sources within the Ossipee Aggregates facilityarea were found to be more favorable in ponds located within the active miningoperation. Average pH for the excavated surface water sources was 6.3 (field) and7.6 (lab). The average pH value measured during the period of study for all othernatural surface water bodies was 5.6 (field) which represents more acidic waterswhich are less favorable.

L) All groundwater samples analyzed during this study period were devoid of coliformbacteria contamination.

&CI GEONETICS, INC.

M) Surface water sources located within the excavated pit area maintained lowerbacteria levels (higher quality) than natural surface water sources outside theexcavation area. For example, seven of nine samples taken within the excavationarea met drinking water standards with regard to levels of coliform bacteria, whereastwelve out of sixteen samples of surface water outside the excavation areamaintained unacceptable levels of coliform bacteria.

N) BCI collected and analyzed 80 water quality samples representing thirteen (13)groundwater monitoring points and thirteen (13) surface water samples over thecourse of twelve months (May 1987 - May 1988). The results of these analysesfrom groundwater resources found underlying the operating gravel pit. in all cases,meet primary drinking water standards, in accordance with EPA's Safe DrinkingWater Act of 1976 and as amended in 1986. With the exception of coliform bacteria,all surface water sources sampled were found to meet EPA's Primary DrinkingWater Standards. (Note: VOC's were not evaluated for all sample points.)Secondary standards (those associated with aesthetic concerns but not hazardousto health) are generally good to excellent in areas proximal to or within the miningarea.

0) The results of this hydrogeologic investigation indicate that gravel mining operationspresent at the Ossipee Aaareaates Facility can safely occur within the identifiedfavorable groundwater environment (as defined by the USGS in Ossipee. NewHampshire) without dearading groundwater resources and can in fact improvegroundwater quality with respect to certain water quality parameters.

hydrogeologic investigationi background data review: the impact of

Documents