hydrologic related activities within the joint institute for caribbean climate studies eric harmsen,...
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Hydrologic Related Activities Hydrologic Related Activities within the Joint Institute for within the Joint Institute for
Caribbean Climate StudiesCaribbean Climate Studies
Eric Harmsen, Ph.D., P.E.Eric Harmsen, Ph.D., P.E.
Dept. of Agricultural and Biosystems EngineeringDept. of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
University of Puerto Rico – Mayagüez CampusUniversity of Puerto Rico – Mayagüez Campus
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Countries within the humid tropics contain Countries within the humid tropics contain almost one-third of the total world almost one-third of the total world population. population.
Within this region there are many small Within this region there are many small islands whose water resources are subject islands whose water resources are subject to an ever-increasing risk. to an ever-increasing risk.
The threat to water resources include: The threat to water resources include: population pressure, urban development, population pressure, urban development, pollution, and potentially adverse changes pollution, and potentially adverse changes in the climate in the climate
Background
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A Small-Scale View of theA Small-Scale View of theHydrologic CycleHydrologic Cycle
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ObjectiveObjective
• Develop tools for estimating and Develop tools for estimating and predicting components of the hydrologic predicting components of the hydrologic cycle. (e.g., soil moisture)cycle. (e.g., soil moisture)
• Construct island-wide groundwater flow Construct island-wide groundwater flow and surface hydrologic models to be and surface hydrologic models to be coupled with the Regional Atmospheric coupled with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS)Modeling System (RAMS)
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“Soil Moisture Retrieval Algorithm and its Implementation
Applied to a Selected Area in Puerto Rico”
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““Inverse procedure for estimating vertically Inverse procedure for estimating vertically distributed soil hydraulic parameters using GPR”distributed soil hydraulic parameters using GPR”
“Validation of an inverse procedure for“Validation of an inverse procedure forestimating soil moisture content using GPR”estimating soil moisture content using GPR”
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“Estimating long-term average monthly evapotranspiration from pan evaporation data at
seven locations in Puerto Rico”
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ATLAS MissionATLAS Mission
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Initial Hydrologic ModelingEffortsInitial Hydrologic ModelingEfforts
1. Development Conceptual Groundwater Model for Puerto Rico• Literature Study• Use of Numerical Tools
GMS GIS Remote Sensing
2. Model Configuration (MODFLOW)3. Calibration and validation efforts4. Model Coupling5. Predictive Simulations
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Locations of USGS Groundwater Locations of USGS Groundwater Resource and Modeling Studies in Puerto Resource and Modeling Studies in Puerto
RicoRico
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Groundwater Finite Groundwater Finite Difference GridDifference Grid
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Characterization of Aquifer Units
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Geological CharacterizationGeological CharacterizationBoreholes Solid TINS
Cross Sections3-D Visualization
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Surface Hydrologic ModelSurface Hydrologic Model1. Development of a Surface Hydrologic Conceptual
Model• Literature Study• Use of Numerical Tools
WMS GMS Remote Sensing
2. Model Selection• LEAF-2• TOPMODEL• HSPF
3. Calibration and validation efforts4. Model Coupling5. Predictive Simulations
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HSPFHSPF
HSPF is capable of simulating the balance of moisture within the first few meters of the ground surface.
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Groundwater/Surface WaterGroundwater/Surface Water
ProposalsProposals– NSF-WEAVE (PR Hydrologic Model)NSF-WEAVE (PR Hydrologic Model)– Sea Grant (Submarine Groundwater Sea Grant (Submarine Groundwater
Discharge)Discharge)– EQSERC (Air and Watershed Modeling)EQSERC (Air and Watershed Modeling)– NASA (El Yunque Climate/Hydrologic NASA (El Yunque Climate/Hydrologic
Modeling)Modeling)
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PR Climate/Hydrologic ModelPR Climate/Hydrologic Model
RAMS
LEAF-2
TOPMODEL
AquiferRechargeCalculation
MODFLOW
Grid cell is located withinInterior Mountain area
Grid cell islocated withingcoastal or karsticlimestone area
Water thatdischarges tosurface waterbodies
Water thatdischarges tosurface waterbodies Water and
energy fluxes
Water andenergy fluxes
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Re-optimize modelparameters
extrapolate boundaryconditions into future
Predict short andlong-term conditions
For example,- Aquifer recharge- Surface Water Elevations- Contaminant Loading
Update boundarycondition data
Evaluate keysimulated variables
For example,- Groundwater elevations- Drawdown at muncipal wells- Contaminant concentrations at receptor locations- Discharge rates into sensitive ecosystems
Evaluate correctivemeasures - makerecommendations
Real-Time Hydrologic Modeling System Real-Time Hydrologic Modeling System FlowchartFlowchart
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Potential ChallengesPotential Challenges
Puerto Rico has extreme Puerto Rico has extreme variations invariations in– TopographyTopography– GeologyGeology– SoilsSoils– WeatherWeather