hydrology saf system design documenthsaf.meteoam.it/documents/docs/20130100/saf_hsaf_sdd_2_1.pdf ·...

H -SAF System Design Document

Doc. No: SAF/HSAF/SDD/2.1

Issue: Version 2.1

Date: 20/06/2008

Page: 1/86

Hydrology SAF

System Design Document

Reference Number: SAF/HSAF/SDD/2.1

Issue/Revision Index: Issue 2.1

Last Change: 20/06/2008



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Date: 20/06/2008

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DOCUMENT SIGNATURE TABLE

Name Date Signature

Prepared by : H-SAF Project Team 08/02/2008

Approved by : H-SAF Project Manager 08/02/2008

DOCUMENT CHANGE RECORD

Issue / Revision Date Description :

Version 0.1 16/03/2006 Preliminary version prepared for discussion

Version 0.5 31/03/2006 Preliminary Release prepared for RR

Version 0.6 13/09/2006 Acknowledgements of RR RIDs:

Removal of detail level diagrams, their transfer to CDD 0.5,

adoption of UML 2.0 notation and adding of [RD 19], [RD 20],

[RD 21], [RD 22] (this acknowledges RID 74 decision a);

Correction of figure 3 with indication of EUMETCast; insertion in

tables 4 and 5 of a column for each interface with the reference

of the document that describes the format used through the

interface and suppression of the organisation involved (this

acknowledges RID 25)

Insertion of TBDs/TBCs list (this acknowledges RID 52)

Version 1.0 07/11/2006 Baseline Release prepared for PDR



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Version 1.1 14/06/2007 Updated Release prepared for V1CP:

Correction of pagination, figure numbers, version numbering as

acknowledgement of RID 102, RID 103 and RID 119

Review of Applicable Documents list and Reference Documents list as acknowledgement of RID 114: transfer of items to the second list as [RD 25] and [RD 26]

Specification of OBS Precipitation Generation Chain leadership

(acknowledgement of RID 104)

Modification of figure 7 with elimination of the interface between

Snow Parameter Subsystem and “Other SAFs‟ sources” from

diagram (acknowledgement of RID 105)

Clarification of Snow Parameter Generation Chain processing

description (acknowledgement of RID 121)

Correction of figure 6 with elimination of “tourism” class attribute

from the Class Diagram and re-elaboration of concept of

Observation, Auxiliary and Ancillary Data (This acknowledges

RID 36)

Removal of not proper satellite data retrieval description, not

expected in this context (acknowledgement of RID 38)

Removal of Table of H-SAF Users; transfer to URD, as

acknowledgement of RID 108

Modification of figure 7 as a consequence of the

acknowledgement of RID 43

Version 2.0 08/02/2008 Updated Release prepared for CDR

Version 2.1 20/06/2008 Acknowledgements for CDR RID‟s:

Elimination of a no longer valid reference to

QuikSCAT/SeaWinds data as acknowledgement of RID 6

Corrections on the explanation of the archiviation approach is

provided as acknowledgement of RID 27

Explanation about Soil Moisture products and typologies

provided as response to RID 36

Definitions or references to the acronyms where needed

provided, as acknowledgement of RID 37



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DISTRIBUTION LIST

Country Organization Name Contact

Austria

ZAMG Veronika Zwatz-Meise [email protected]

ZAMG Alexander Jann [email protected]

TU-Wien / IPF Wolfgang Wagner [email protected]

TU-Wien / IPF Stefan Hasenauer [email protected]

Belgium IRM Emmanuel Roulin [email protected]

IRM Gaston Demaree [email protected]

ECMWF

Philippe Bougeault [email protected]

Matthias Drusch [email protected]

Klaus Scipal [email protected]

Finland

FMI Pirkko Pylkko [email protected]

FMI Jarkko Koskinen [email protected]

FMI Jouni Pulliainen [email protected]

FMI Panu Lahtinen [email protected]

TKK Juha-Petri Karna [email protected]

SYKE Sari Metsämäki [email protected]

France

Météo France Jean-Christophe Calvet [email protected]

Météo France Laurent Franchisteguy [email protected]

CNRS-CETP Mehrez Zribi [email protected]

CNRS-CESBIO Patricia de Rosnay [email protected]

Germany BfG Thomas Maurer [email protected]

Hungary OMSZ Eszter Lábó [email protected]

Italy

USAM Massimo Capaldo [email protected]

CNMCA Luigi De Leonibus [email protected]

CNMCA Costante De Simone [email protected]

CNMCA Francesco Zauli [email protected]

CNMCA Daniele Biron [email protected]



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CNMCA Davide Melfi [email protected]

CNMCA Attilio Di Diodato [email protected]

CNMCA Lucio Torrisi [email protected]

CNMCA Massimo Bonavita [email protected]

CNMCA Adriano Raspanti [email protected]

CNMCA Alessandro Galliani [email protected]

DPC Roberto Sorani [email protected]

DPC Luca Rossi [email protected]

DPC Silvia Puca [email protected]

DPC Angela Corina [email protected]

DPC William Nardin [email protected]

CNR-ISAC Franco Prodi [email protected]

CNR-ISAC Bizzarro Bizzarri [email protected]

CNR-ISAC Alberto Mugnai [email protected]

CNR-ISAC Vincenzo Levizzani [email protected]

CNR-ISAC Francesca Torricella [email protected]

CNR-ISAC Stefano Dietrich [email protected]

CNR-ISAC Francesco Di Paola [email protected]

Ferrara University Federico Porcu' [email protected]

Ferrara University Davide Capacci [email protected]

DATAMAT Flavio Gattari [email protected]

DATAMAT Emiliano Agosta [email protected]

Poland

IMWM Piotr Struzik [email protected]

IMWM Bozena Lapeta [email protected]

IMWM Jerzy Niedbala [email protected]

IMWM Jaga Niedbala [email protected]

IMWM Monika Pajek [email protected]

IMWM Jakub Walawender [email protected]

IMWM Jan Szturc [email protected]

Romania NMA Andrei Diamandi [email protected]



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NMA Simona Oancea [email protected]

Slovakia

SHMÚ Ján Kaňák [email protected]

SHMÚ Marián Jurašek [email protected]

SHMÚ Marcel Zvolenský [email protected]

Turkey

TSMS Fatih Demýr [email protected]

TSMS Ali Umran Komuscu [email protected]

TSMS Ibrahim Sonmez [email protected]

TSMS Aydın Erturk [email protected]

METU Ali Unal Sorman [email protected]

METU Zuhal Akyurek [email protected]

METU Orhan Gokdemir [email protected]

METU Ozgur Beser [email protected]

ITU Ahmet Oztopal [email protected]

Anadolu University Aynur Sensoy [email protected]

EUMETSAT

Lorenzo Sarlo [email protected]

Frédéric Gasiglia [email protected]

Dominique Faucher [email protected]

Jochen Grandell [email protected]

Lothar Schüller [email protected]



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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 12

1.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................... 12

1.2 Scope .................................................................................................................. 12

1.3 Glossary .............................................................................................................. 12

1.4 References .......................................................................................................... 18

1.4.1 Applicable documents .................................................................................. 18

1.4.2 Reference documents .................................................................................. 19

1.5 Document Overview ............................................................................................ 20

2 SYSTEM OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................................. 20

2.1 General ............................................................................................................... 20

2.2 Outlines of the H-SAF consortium ....................................................................... 21

2.3 Target Applications / Products / Deliveries of the H-SAF .................................... 22

2.4 System users ...................................................................................................... 26

3 SYSTEM CONTEXT ................................................................................................................................ 28

3.1 Context Description ............................................................................................. 28

3.2 External Interfaces Overview .............................................................................. 31

3.3 Data Overview ..................................................................................................... 35

3.3.1 External data ................................................................................................ 35

3.3.2 Auxiliary, Ancillary and Observation data ..................................................... 37

3.4 System Decomposition ........................................................................................ 40

3.4.1 General ........................................................................................................ 40

3.5 Subsystems description ...................................................................................... 43

3.5.1 Subsystems and components traceability .................................................... 43

3.5.2 Precipitation subsystem ............................................................................... 44

3.5.3 Soil Moisture subsystem .............................................................................. 48

3.5.4 Snow Parameters subsystem....................................................................... 53

3.5.5 Hydro Validation subsystem ......................................................................... 56



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3.5.6 Offline Monitoring subsystem ....................................................................... 59

4 SYSTEM DESIGN ................................................................................................................................... 61

4.1 Design standards, conventions and procedures ................................................. 61

4.2 Precipitation subsystem ...................................................................................... 62

4.2.1 Subsystem components ............................................................................... 62

4.2.1.1 Precipitation Acquisition and Pre-processing (PR-AP) .......................... 62

4.2.1.2 OBS Precipitation Generation Chain (PR-GC1) .................................... 63

4.2.1.3 ASS Precipitation Generation Chain (PR-GC2) .................................... 65

4.2.1.4 Precipitation Dissemination (PR-DIS) ................................................... 66

4.3 Soil Moisture subsystem ..................................................................................... 67

4.3.1 Subsystems components ............................................................................. 67

4.3.1.1 OBS Global/Regional Soil Moisture Generation Chain (SM-GC1) ........ 68

4.3.1.2 ASS Volumetric Soil Moisture Generation Chain (SM-GC2) ................. 68

4.3.1.3 Soil Moisture Dissemination (SM-DIS) .................................................. 71

4.4 Snow Parameters subsystem .............................................................................. 72


4.4.1.1 Flat/forested areas and combined Snow Parameters Generation Chain

(SP-GC1) 72

4.4.1.2 Mountainous areas Snow Parameters Generation Chain (SP-GC2) .... 74

4.5 Hydro Validation subsystem ................................................................................ 76


4.5.1.1 Hydro Validation Acquisition and Processing component (HV-AP) ....... 77

4.5.1.2 Hydro Validation Production Reporting component (HV-VRP).............. 77

4.6 Offline Monitoring subsystem .............................................................................. 78


4.6.1.1 Centralization component (OM-CEN) ................................................... 78

4.6.1.2 Archiving component (OM-ARC) ........................................................... 78

4.6.1.3 Reporting component (OM-REP) .......................................................... 78

4.6.1.4 Dissemination component (OM-DIS) .................................................... 79

4.7 Physical design ................................................................................................... 79



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5 TBDS/TBCS LIST.................................................................................................................................... 79

6 REQUIREMENTS TRACEABILITY ........................................................................................................ 80



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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Composition of the H-SAF Consortium ................................................................. 22

Table 2 Satellite-derived H-SAF products and satellite data sources ................................ 24

Table 3 Backup products generated by a NWP model ...................................................... 24

Table 4 H-SAF end users .................................................................................................. 28

Table 5 H-SAF External Interfaces for Data Acquisition .................................................... 33

Table 6 H-SAF External Interfaces for Data Distribution ................................................... 35

Table 7 H-SAF External Data ............................................................................................ 37

Table 8 H-SAF Subsystems, Components and Subcomponents ...................................... 44

Table 9 PR-GC1 Products description ............................................................................... 45

Table 10 PR-GC2 Product description .............................................................................. 45

Table 11 SM-GC1 Products description ............................................................................ 49

Table 12 SM-GC2 Products description ............................................................................ 50

Table 13 SP-GC1 Products description ............................................................................. 53

Table 14 SP-GC2 Products description ............................................................................. 54

Table 15 Traceability vs. System Requirements ................................................................ 85



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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Class Diagram of H-SAF targeted Products ....................................................... 25

Figure 2: Context Diagram of H-SAF system..................................................................... 29

Figure 3: Class Diagram of Auxiliary Data ......................................................................... 38

Figure 4: Composite Structure Diagram of H-SAF system decomposition ........................ 42

Figure 5: Composite Structure Diagram of Precipitation Subsystem ................................. 47

Figure 6: Composite Structure Diagram of Soil Moisture Subsystem ................................ 52

Figure 7: Composite Structure Diagram of Snow Parameters Subsystem ........................ 55

Figure 8: Composite Structure Diagram of Hydro Validation Subsystem .......................... 58

Figure 9: Composite Structure Diagram of Offline Monitoring Subsystem ......................... 60

Figure 10: Composite Structure Diagram of PR-GC1 Component .................................... 65

Figure 11: Composite Structure Diagram of PR-GC2 Component .................................... 66

Figure 12: Composite Structure Diagram of SM-GC1 component ..................................... 68

Figure 13: Composite Structure Diagram of SM-GC2 component ..................................... 69

Figure 14: Composite Structure Diagram of SP-GC1 component ..................................... 74

Figure 15: Composite Structure Diagram of SP-GC2 component ..................................... 76



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1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose

This System Design Document specifies the architectural concept design of the Satellite

Application Facility on Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management (H-SAF).

1.2 Scope

This document covers the architecture of the facilities for generation of Precipitation, Soil

Moisture and Snow Parameters products and for their centralization, archiving and

dissemination that shall be provided at the H-SAF sites CNMCA (Italy), ZAMG (Austria),

ECMWF (UK), FMI (Finland), TSMS (Turkey) in accordance to what declared in the

Technical Proposal [AD 1] and in the Project Plan [AD 2].

The infrastructure is provided by a set of elements that are either already available to

institutions or organizations involved, or are provided by the project.

The design methods here used are the UML 2.0 [RD 19], [RD 20], [RD 21], [RD 22]; all

diagrams and engineering notations intend to be compliant with standard there depicted.

1.3 Glossary

AAPP AVHRR and ATOVS Processing Package

ADEOS Advanced Earth Observation Satellite (I and II)

ALOS Advanced Land Observing Satellite

AMIR Advanced Microwave Imaging Radiometer

AMSR Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (on ADEOS-II)

AMSR-E Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - E (on EOS-Aqua)

AMSU-A Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit - A (on NOAA satellites and EOS-Aqua)

AMSU-B Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit - B (on NOAA satellites up to NOAA-17)

API Application Program(ming) Interface

ASAR Advanced SAR (on ENVISAT)

ASCAT Advanced Scatterometer (on MetOp)

ASI Agenzia Spaziale Italiana

ATDD Algorithms Theoretical Definition Document

ATMS Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (on NPP and NPOESS)

ATOVS Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (on NOAA and MetOp)

AU Anatolian University

AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (on NOAA and MetOp)

BAMPR Bayesian Algorithm for Microwave Precipitation Retrieval

BfG Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde



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BRDF Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function

BVA Boundary Value Analysis

CASE Computer Aided System Engineering

CBA Component-Based Architecture

CBSD Component-based Software Development

CDA Command and Data Acquisition (EUMETSAT station at Svalbard)

CDD Component Design Document

CDR Critical Design Review

CESBIO Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de la BIOsphere (of CNRS)

CETP Centre d‟études des Environnements Terrestres et Planétaires (of CNRS)

CI Configuration Item

CMIS Conical-scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (on NPOESS)

CMP Configuration Management Plan

CNMCA Centro Nazionale di Meteorologia e Climatologia Aeronautica

CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche

CNRM Centre Nationale de la Recherche Météorologique (of Météo-France)

CNRS Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique

COM Component Object Model

CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture

COTS Commercial-off-the-shelf

CPU Central Processing Unit

CRD Component Requirement Document

CVERF Component Verification File

CVS Concurrent Versions System

DCOM Distributed Component Object Model

DEM Digital Elevation Model

DFD Data Flow Diagram

DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program

DOF Data Output Format

DPC Dipartimento della Protezione Civile

DWD Deutscher Wetterdienst

E&T Education and Training

EARS EUMETSAT Advanced Retransmission Service (station)

ECMWF European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts

ECSS European Cooperation on Space Standardization

EGPM European contribution to the GPM mission

EOS Earth Observing System

EPS EUMETSAT Polar System

ERS European Remote-sensing Satellite (1 and 2)



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ESA European Space Agency

EUR End-User Requirements

FMI Finnish Meteorological Institute

FOC Full Operational Chain

FTP File Transfer Protocol

GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit

GIS Geographical Information System

GMES Global Monitoring for Environment and Security

GOMAS Geostationary Observatory for Microwave Atmospheric Sounding

GOS Global Observing System

GPM Global Precipitation Measurement mission

GPROF Goddard Profiling algorithm

GTS Global Telecommunication System

GUI Graphical User Interface

HMS Hungarian Meteorological Service

HRU Hydrological Response Unit

H-SAF SAF on support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management

HSB Humidity Sounder for Brazil (on EOS-Aqua)

HTML Hyper Text Markup Language

HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

HUT/LST Helsinki University of Technology / Laboratory of Space Technology

HVR Hydrological Validation Review

HYDRO Preliminary results of Hydrological validation

HYDROS Hydrosphere State Mission

HW Hardware

ICD Interface Control Document

ICT Information and Communication Technology

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IFS Integrated Forecast System

INF Progress reports in between meetings

INWM Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (of Poland)

IPF Institut für Photogrammetrie und Fernerkundung

ISAC Istituto di Scienze dell‟Atmosfera e del Clima (of CNR)

ISO International Standards Organization

IT Information Technology

ITU Istanbul Technical University

JPS Joint Polar System (MetOp + NOAA/NPOESS)

J2EE Java 2 Enterprise Edition

KIDS Kestrel Interactive Development System



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KLOC Thousand (Kilo) Lines Of Code

KOM Kick-Off Meeting

LAI Leaf Area Index

LAN Local Area Network

LEO Low Earth Orbit

LIS Lightning Imaging Sensor (on TRMM)

LLS Lower Level Specifications

LOC Lines Of Code

LST Solar Local Time (of a sun-synchronous satellite)

MARS Meteorological Archive and Retrieval System

MetOp Meteorological Operational satellite

METU Middle East Technical University (of Turkey)

MHS Microwave Humidity Sounder (on NOAA N/N‟ and MetOp)

MIMR Multi-frequency Imaging Microwave Radiometer

MIN Minutes of Meetings/Reviews

MODIS Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (on EOS Terra and Aqua)

MSG Meteosat Second Generation

MTBF Mean Time Between Failure

MTG Meteosat Third Generation

MTTR Mean Time To Repair

MVIRI Meteosat Visible Infra-Red Imager (on Meteosat 1 to 7)

N/A Not Available

N.A. Not Applicable

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

NDI Non-developmental Items

NIMH National Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (of Hungary)

NMS National Meteorological Service

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Organisation (intended as a satellite series)

NPOESS National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System

NPP NPOESS Preparatory Programme

NRT Near-Real Time

NWP Numerical Weather Prediction

OAR Options Analysis for Reengineering

OFL Off-line

OMG Object Management Group

OO Object Oriented

OP Proposal for H-SAF Operational phase

OPS Operational Product Segment



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ORB Object Request Broker

ORR Operations Readiness Review

OWL Web Ontology Language

PAC Prototype Algorithm Code

PALSAR Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (on ALOS)

PAW Plant Available Water

PDR Preliminary Design Review

POP Precipitation Observation Production

PP Project Plan

PPR Products Prototyping Reports

PR Precipitation Radar (on TRMM)

QoS Quality of Service

R&D Research and Development

RCS Revision Control System

REP Report

RMI Royal Meteorological Institute (of Belgium)

RR Requirements Review

RT Real Time

SAAM Simulation, Analysis and Modeling

SAF Satellite Application Facility

SAG Science Advisory Group

SAOCOM Argentinean Satellite for Observation and Communication

SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar

SA/SD Structured Analysis / Structured Design

SCA Snow Covered Area

SCAT Scatterometer (on ERS-1 and 2)

SCM Source Configuration Management

SD Snow depth

SDAS Surface Data Assimilation System

SDD System Design Document

SDP Software Development Plan

SEI Software Engineering Institute

SEVIRI Spinning Enhanced Visible Infra-Red Imager (on MSG)

SHW State Hydraulic Works of Turkey

SHFWG SAF Hydrology Framework Working Group

SHMI Slovakian Hydrological and Meteorological Institute

SIRR System Integration Readiness Review

SIVVP System Integration, Verification & Validation Plan

SLAs Service-Level Agreements

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revision_Control_System



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SM Summary Report

SMART Service Migration and Reuse Technique

SMMR Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (on SeaSat and Nimbus VII)

SMOS Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity

SOA Service-Oriented Architecture

SoS System of Systems

SQL Structured Query Language

SR Snow Recognition

SRD System Requirements Document

SSM/I Special Sensor Microwave / Imager (on DMSP up to F-15)

SSMIS Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (on DMSP starting with F-16)

STRR System Test Results Review

SVALF System Validation File

SVERF System Verification File

SVRR System Validation Results Review

SW Software

SWE Snow Water Equivalent

SYKE Finnish Environment Institute

TBC To be confirmed

TBD To be defined

TC Test Case

TKK/LST Helsinki University of Technology / Laboratory of Space Technology

TMI TRMM Microwave Imager (on TRMM)

TP Test Procedure

TR Test Report

TRMM Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission

TSMS Turkish State Meteorological Service

TU Wien Technische Universität Wien

UM User Manual

U-MARF Unified Meteorological Archive and Retrieval Facility

UML Unified Modelling Language

URD User Requirements Document

VIIRS Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (on NPP and NPOESS)

VS Visiting Scientist

WBS Work Breakdown Structure

WMO World Meteorological Organization

WP Work Package

WPD Work Package Description

WS Workshop



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W3C World Wide Web Consortium

XMI XML (eXtensible Markup Language ) Metadata Interchange

XML eXtensible Markup Language

ZAMG Zentral Anstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik

1.4 References

1.4.1 Applicable documents

[AD 1] H-SAF Development Proposal - Issue 2.1, 15 May 2005

[AD 2] H-SAF Project Plan (PP). Ref.: SAF/HSAF/PP/2.1

[AD 3] H-SAF Configuration Management Plan (CMP). Ref.: SAF/HSAF/CMP/1.0

[AD 4] H-SAF Users Requirement Document (URD). Ref.: SAF/HSAF/URD/2.1

[AD 5] H-SAF SAF Preliminary Design Review Organization Note. Ref.:

EUM/PPS/PRC/06/0125

[AD 6] H-SAF System Requirements Document (SRD). Ref.: SAF/HSAF/SRD/2.0

[AD 7] H-SAF System Design Document (SDD). Ref.: SAF/HSAF/SDD/1.0

[AD 8] H-SAF Component Requirements Document (CRD). Ref.: SAF/HSAF/CRD/1.0

[AD 9] H-SAF Component Design Document (CDD). Ref.: SAF/HSAF/CDD/1.0

[AD 10] H-SAF Interface Control Document (ICD). Ref.: SAF/HSAF/ICD/1.0

[AD 11] Algorithmic Software Development Guidelines Document (ASDGD). Ref.:

SAF/HSAF/ASDGD/0.1

[AD 12] System Integration, Verification & Validation Plan (SIVVP). Ref.: SAF/HSAF/SIVVP/1.0

[AD 13] Guide to Software Configuration Management. Ref.: ESA PSS-05-09 Issue 1 Revision

1

[AD 14] SAF Software Development Guidelines. Ref.: SAF/NET/EUM/SW/GD/MTR/01

[AD 15] H-SAF Component Verification File (CVERF). Ref.: SAF/HSAF/CVERF/1.0

[AD 16] H-SAF Hydrological Validation Plan (REP-2). Ref.: SAF/HSAF/CDR-1/2.0

[AD 17] H-SAF Algorithmic Software Development Guidelines Document (ASDGD) – internal

issue – Ref.: SAF/HSAF/ASDGD/0.5

[AD 18] Algorithms Theoretical Definition Document (ATDD) - Ref.: SAF/HSAF/ATDD/1.0

[AD 19] H-SAF System/Software Version Document (SSVD). Ref.: SAF/HSAF/SSVD/0.5

[AD 20] H-SAF System Verification File (SVERF). Ref.: SAF/HSAF/SVERF/0.5



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1.4.2 Reference documents

[RD 1] EUM.TD.08 MSG - Image Data Dissemination Service

[RD 2] EPS AMSU-A L1 Product Generation Specification

[RD 3] EPS AMSU-A L1 Product Format Specification

[RD 4] EPS MHS L1 Product Generation Specification

[RD 5] EPS MHS L1 Product Format Specification

[RD 6] MetOp-AVHRR documentation VCS Engineering website (http://rst.vcs.de/)

[RD 7] NASA-MODIS documentation at NASA website

(http://directreadout.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.cfm)

[RD 8] Meteosat-SEVIRI documentation at EUMETSAT website

(http://www.eumetsat.int/Home/Main/What_We_Do/Satellites/Meteosat_Second_Gener

ation/index.html=en)

[RD 9] EUMETSAT-EUMETCast documentation at EUMETSAT website

(http://www.eumetsat.int/Home/Main/What_We_Do/EUMETCast/index.html=en)

[RD 10] EPS NRT User Interface Specification. Ref.: EPS-ASPI-IR-0648

[RD 11] National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Low-Rate Information

Transmission (LRIT) System. Ref.: http://noaasis.noaa.gov/LRIT/

[RD 12] WMO - WWWDM specifications. Ref.: http://www.wmo.ch/web/www/WDM/wdm.html

[RD 13] MARS – Meteorological Archive and Retrieval System, MARS User Guide (for Data

Retrieval), Revision 11 – September 1995, Meteorological Bulletin B6.7/3, ECMWF

Reading, England. Ref.: http://www.wmo.ch/web/www/WDM/wdm.html

[RD 14] MSG Level 1.5 Image Data Format Description. Ref.: ESA PSS-05-09 Issue 1 Revision

1

[RD 15] ECSS Standard on Space engineering. Verification. Ref.: ECSS-E-10-02A

[RD 16] ECSS Standard on Space engineering. Testing. Ref.: ECSS-E-10-03A

[RD 17] ECSS Standard on Space engineering. Software - Part 1: Principles and requirements.

Ref.: ECSS-E-40 Part 1B

[RD 18] ECSS Standard on Space engineering. Software - Part 2: Document requirements

definitions (DRDs). Ref.: ECSS-E-40 Part 2B

[RD 19] Object Management Group, Inc. (OMG), “Unified Modelling Language: Infrastructure”

Version 2.0 – 05/072005

[RD 20] Object Management Group, Inc. (OMG), “Unified Modelling Language: Superstructure”

Version 2.0 – 05/072005

[RD 21] Object Management Group, Inc. (OMG), “Unified Modelling Language: Diagram

Interchange” Version 2.0 – 05/072005

http://rst.vcs.de/

http://directreadout.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.cfm

http://www.eumetsat.int/Home/Main/What_We_Do/Satellites/Meteosat_Second_Generation/index.html=en

http://www.eumetsat.int/Home/Main/What_We_Do/Satellites/Meteosat_Second_Generation/index.html=en

http://www.eumetsat.int/Home/Main/What_We_Do/EUMETCast/index.html=en

http://noaasis.noaa.gov/LRIT/



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[RD 22] Object Management Group, Inc. (OMG), “Unified Modelling Language: Business

Modelling” Version 2.0 – 05/072005

[RD 23] Brown, Alan W. & Wallnau, Kurt C. "Engineering of Component-Based Systems".

Component-Based Software Engineering: Selected Papers from the Software

Engineering Institute. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press, 1996.

[RD 24] Jim Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson, Grady Booch. “The Unified Modelling Language

Reference Manual (2nd edition)”

1.5 Document Overview

Section 2 provides a general description of the H-SAF project context, highlighting the

main purposes, the role of the participants and the target deliveries of the system.

Section 3 describes the first level decomposition that leads to a separation into

subsystems in a product-driven way.

Section 4 covers the architecture of each subsystem, providing subsystems

decomposition, components identification and description together with main data flow.

Section 5 summarizes the TBDs and TBCs items, providing the responsible of each item

and a planned date for resolution.

Section 6 provides the traceability matrix of the system requirements into the system

design.



2 System overview

2.1 General

The main objectives of H-SAF are:

a. to provide new satellite-derived products from existing and future satellites

with sufficient time and space resolution to satisfy the needs of operational

hydrology, by generating, centralizing, archiving and disseminating the identified

products:

precipitation (liquid, solid, rate, accumulated);

soil moisture (at large-scale, at local-scale, at surface, in the roots

region);

snow parameters (detection, cover, melting conditions, water equivalent);



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b. to perform independent validation of the usefulness of the new products

for fighting against floods, landslides, avalanches and evaluating water

resources; the activity includes:

downscaling/upscaling modelling from observed/predicted fields to basin

level;

fusion of satellite-derived measurements with data from radar and

raingauge networks;

assimilation of satellite-derived products in hydrological models;

assessment of the impact of the new satellite-derived products on

hydrological applications.

2.2 Outlines of the H-SAF consortium

The H-SAF participants and their roles in the Project are detailed in Table 1:

No. Country Units in the Country responsible

unit Role in the Project

01 Austria

Zentral Anstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik

Leader for soil moisture Vienna Technical University, Inst. of Photogram. &

Remote Sensing

02 Belgium Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium

03 ECMWF European Centre for Medium-range Weather

Forecasts

Contributor for “core” soil moisture

04 Finland

Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) Leader for snow parameters

Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of

Space Technology

Finnish Environment Institute

05 France

Météo-France

CNRS Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de la BIOsphere

CNRS Centre d’études des Environnem.

Terrestres et Planétaires



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06 Germany Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde

07 Hungary Hungarian Meteorological Service

08 Italy

Servizio Meteorologico dell’Aeronautica

Host + Leader for precipitation

Dipartimento Protezione Civile, Presidenza

Consiglio Ministri

CNR Istituto di Scienze dell’Atmosfera e del Clima

Ferrara University, Department of Physics

09 Poland Institute of Meteorology and Water Management Leader for Hydrology

10 Romania National Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology

11 Slovakia Slovakia Hydro-Meteorological Institute

12 Turkey

Turkish State Meteorological Service

Contributor for “core” snow

parameters

Middle East Technical University, Civil

Engineering Department

Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering

Department

Table 1 Composition of the H-SAF Consortium

Moreover to facilitate the work progress (see PP [AD2]), H-SAF Consortium is organized in

activities or clusters, each one involved in a specific task/programme:

Cluster 1: precipitation task (lead by Italy)

Cluster 2: soil moisture task (lead by Austria)

Cluster 3: snow observation task (lead by Finland)

Cluster 4: hydrological validation programme (lead by Poland)

2.3 Target Applications / Products / Deliveries of the H-SAF

The following table lists the targeted satellite-derived H-SAF products.



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The Table lists the satellites to be used pre-operationally and experimentally during the

Development Phase and those to be available during the Operational Phase (> 2010).

Precipitation Anticipated product quality in the operational phase Satellites / Sensors

products Resolution Accuracy Cycle Delay Development Operations

Precipitation

rate (by MW

only) with flag

for phase

10 km (MIS)

15 km (additional GPM

satellites)

10-20 % (> 10 mm/h)

20-40 % (1-10 mm/h)

40-80 % (< 1 mm/h)

9 h (MIS

only)

3 h (full

GPM)

20 min

Meteosat

(MVIRI, SEVIRI)

+

DMSP

(SSM/I, SSMIS)

+

NOAA + MetOp

(AMSU-A,

AMSU-B/MHS)

+

EOS/Aqua

(AMSR-E,

AMSU-A, HSB)

+ TRMM

(TMI, PR, LIS)

Meteosat

(SEVIRI)

+ NPP

(ATMS)

+

NPOESS

(CMIS, ATMS)

+

Further satellites

of the GPM

(all equipped at

least with a MW

radiometer, one

also with radar)

Precipitation

rate (by MW +

IR) with flag

for phase

10 km

Ranging from that of

MW to one degraded

by an extent

15 min 10 min

Cumulate

precipitation

(by MW + IR)

on 3, 6, 12, 24 h

10 km

Tentative:

10 % over 24 h

30 % over 3 h

3 h 20 min

Soil moisture Anticipated product quality in the operational phase Satellites / Sensors


Soil moisture in

the surface

layer

25 km (from ASCAT)

50 km (from MIS)

0.05 m3 m-3 (depending

on vegetation)

36 h (from

ASCAT)

9 h (from

MIS)

2 h

ERS 1 / 2

(AMI-SCAT)

+

MetOp

(ASCAT)

+

EOS/Aqua

(AMSR-E)

MetOp

(ASCAT)

+ NPOESS

(MIS)

Soil moisture in

the roots region

25 km (from ASCAT)

50 km (from MIS)

To be assessed

(model-dependent).

Tentative: 0.05 m3 m-3

36 h (from

ASCAT)

9 h (from

MIS)

2 h

Snow Anticipated product quality in the operational phase Satellites / Sensors




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Snow detection

by optical

bands

2 km 95 % probability of

correct classification

6 h

(depending

on latitude)

2 h

NOAA

(AVHRR)

+

MetOp

(AVHRR, ASCAT)

+

Meteosat

(SEVIRI)

+

EOS-Terra/Aqua

(MODIS)

+

DMSP

(SSM/I, SSMIS)

+

EOS-Aqua

(AMSR-E)

+ QuickSCAT (SeaWinds)

MetOp

(AVHRR, ASCAT)

+

Meteosat

(SEVIRI)

+

NPOESS

(VIIRS, MIS)

+

MW radiometers

of the GPM

constellation

Effective cover

by optical and

MW bands, with

flag for wet/dry

10 km (in MW)

5 km (in

VIS/SWIR/TIR)

15 % (depending on

target size and

complexity)

6 h

(depending

on latitude)

2 h

Snow Water

Equivalent by

MW radiometer

+ scatterometer

10–25 km ~ 20 mm

6 h

(depending

on latitude)

2h

Table 2 Satellite-derived H-SAF products and satellite data sources

Note: the above table is undergoing modification (for more details see also [AD 2])

In addition to satellite-derived products, H-SAF will make available forecast products

derived by a NWP limited-area model, so that end-users have available a back-up product

at any time. The targeted forecast products are shown as follows (Table 3).

Forecast products Resolution Accuracy (long term > 2010) Cycle Delay

Instantaneous

precipitation rate

at the ground

Mid-project: 7 km,

end-project: 2.5 km

10-20 % (> 10 mm/h)

20-40 % (1-10 mm/h)

40-80 % (< 1 mm/h)

Mid-project: 3-6 h,

end-project: 1 h

Fixed times

of the day

Accumulated

precipitation

10 % over 24 h, 30 % over 3 h.

Table 3 Backup products generated by a NWP model

The Development Phase, in addition to including the activities for developing and

generating new satellite-derived products, includes a Hydrology validation programme,



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performed by “Cluster-4”, lead by Poland; this aim shall be achieved through a complex

set of activities and working programs, fully explained in details in the Project Plan [AD 2]

Target products of H-SAF system are modelled as shown in following UML Class Diagram:

cd Products

«product»

Product

- coverage: int

- qualityFlag: int

- validityDate: date

+ disseminate() : void

+ generate() : boolean

+ import(PreprocessedSatelliteData) : void

+ import(AuxiliaryData) : void

+ import(SatelliteData) : void

+ setQualiyFlag(int) : void

«product»

SoilMoistureProduct

«product»

PrecipitationProduct«product»

SnowProduct

satelliteData::PreprocessedSatelliteData

+ preprocess(SatelliteData) : PreprocessedSatelliteData

satelliteData::

SatelliteData

+ acquire() : void

+ send() : SatelliteData

«derive»

«derive» «derive»

Figure 1: Class Diagram of H-SAF targeted Products

Class diagram describes how Product class can derive from SatelliteData class both

directly or through PreprocessedSatelliteData class:

in first case satellite raw-data is acquired via direct-read-out and pre-processed

by an internal component in the H-SAF generation chain;

in the second case satellite data is acquired via a NRT interface as already pre-

processed by an external system.

On its side, PreprocessedSatelliteData itself derives from SatelliteData through

implementation of internal/external pre-processing.



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Moreover, SatelliteData class implements acquire and send operations which togheter

concur to data acquisition process.

Product class generalises cluster-specific products, represented by SoilMoistureProduct,

PrecipitationProduct and SnowProduct classes; furthermore it contains attributes (like

coverage, qualityFlag, validityDate) and operations. Import operation, which models

ingestion of data by H-SAF components, is applied to classes such as SatelliteData,

PreprocessedSatelliteData and AuxiliaryData while following operations are applied to

Product class itself:

generate: refers to the generation process of the product;

disseminate: refers to product dissemination to external actors;

setQualityFlag: refers to labelling of the product with the result of quality control

processes.

All attributes and operations are inherited by cluster specific products classes.

2.4 System users

Users of H-SAF system can be grouped in the following categories:

Meteorological Services;

Operational Hydrological Services: (in some cases they are included within the

same organization as Meteorological Services);

Civil Protection Operational Users;

Scientific Users.

Their involvement and interest in H-SAF products depend on the area of application and

on the product type, as shown in the following table (Table 4 H-SAF end users). The table

indicates also the envisaged usage of H-SAF product within each entity/operational area.

Entity Application Precipitation Soil moisture Snow parameters

National

meteorological

services

Numerical

Weather

Prediction

Assimilation to represent

latent heat release inside the

atmosphere.

Input of latent heat by

evapotranspiration through

the Planetary Boundary

Layer.

Input of radiative heat from

surface to atmosphere. Evaluation of NWP model’s

skill.

Nowcasting

Public information on actual

weather. Warning on the status of the

territory for transport in

emergencies.

Warning of avalanches.

Warning for fishery and

coastal zone activities. Tourism information.



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Warning for agricultural works

and crop protection.

Assistance to aviation during

take-off and landing.

Climate

monitoring

Representation of the global

water cycle in General

Circulation Models.

Monitoring of desertification

processes.

Monitoring glacier extension.

Monitoring changes of

planetary albedo.

Operational

hydrological

services

Fluvial basins

management

Early warning of potential

floods.

Landslides and flash flood

forecasting.

Evaluation of flood damping

or enhancing factors.

Territory

management

Extreme events statistics and

hydrological risk mapping. Soil characterisation and

hydrological response units.

Dimes and exploitation of

snow and glaciers for river

regime regularisation. Public works planning.

Water

reservoirs

evaluation

Inventory of potential stored

water resources.

Monitoring of available water

to sustain vegetation.

Dimes and exploitation of

snow and glaciers for

drinkable water and irrigation.

Civil protection

units

Preparation for

emergencies

Progressive level of attention

function of rainfall monitoring.

Monitoring soil moisture

growth.

Monitoring snow

accumulation.

Preparation of facilities and

staff for a possible

emergency.

Planning of in-field activities

for event mitigation.

Planning of in-field activities

for event mitigation.

Emergency

management Alert to population.

Operational conditions for

transport and use of staff and

mitigation facilities.

Operational conditions for

transport and use of staff and


Post-emergency

phase

De-ranking of alert level and

monitoring of event ceasing.

Withdrawing of staff and


Withdrawing of staff and


Assessment of vulnerability to

possible event iteration.

Assessment of vulnerability

to possible event iteration.

Research &

development

organizations

Meteorology

Improved knowledge of the

precipitation process. Assessment of the role of

observed soil moisture in

NWP, either for verification or

initialisation.

Assessment of the role of

observed snow parameters in

NWP, either for verification or

initialisation. Assimilation of precipitation

observation in NWP models.

Hydrology

Downscaling/upscaling of

satellite precipitation

observations.


satellite soil moisture

observations.


satellite snow observations.

Fusion with ground-based

observations.

GIS-based fusion with

ground-based observations.

GIS-based fusion with

ground-based observations.

Assimilation and impact

studies.


studies.


studies.



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Civil defence Decisional models for the

alert system.

Organisational models for

operating over moist soil.

Organisational models for

operating over snow.

Table 4 H-SAF end users

3 System context

3.1 Context Description

The H-SAF architecture is based on:

Data production centres (in Italy, Austria + ECMWF, Finland + Turkey), that:

1. acquire satellite data, mainly via direct reception (RT) or EUMETCast (NRT);

2. generate H-SAF products also with support from local databases, products from

other SAF‟s, locally available auxiliary/ancillary data, NWP models and

climatology.

A structure for hydrological validation of all products and for generation of validation

reports physically distributed among seven countries and centrally managed and

coordinated by Poland as stated in [AD 2].

Existing dedicated communication networks (regional branches of the WMO GTS,

dissemination system based on connection with EUMETSAT for re-distribution via

EUMETCast) for immediate dissemination of products versus representative end-

users that are:

Meteorological services

Hydrological services

Civil Protection units

A structure sited in Italy (CNMCA), for product centralization and archiving of all

generated products and for their dissemination to scientific end-users based on a H-

SAF archive connected to the EUMETSAT U-MARF via a U-MARF client.

The context diagram of the system is depicted in the following (Figure 2)



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id Context Diagram

«system»

HSAF

Auxiliary Data

Sources(from Data Sources)

Local Databases

(from Data Sources)

NWP Sources

(from Data Sources)

Satellites

(from Data Sources)

Civ il Protection

Operational Units(from Representative End-Users)

Meteorological

Serv ices(from Representative End-Users)

Operational Hydro

Serv ices(from Representative End-Users)

SCIENTIFIC USERS (R&D Institutes) request HSAF

product via UMARF system

Satellite Data

Archiv es(from Data Sources)

WMO::GTS

EUMETSAT::PPFEUMETSAT::

EUMETCast

EUMETSAT::

UMARF

Figure 2: Context Diagram of H-SAF system

Diagram shows relationships between H-SAF system and external actors such as external

systems, end users and data sources.

Specifically, left part of the diagram indicates Data Sources, categorized as:

Satellite Data: data coming from satellite in RT and NRT modes, to be intended as

the main source of data for H-SAF system

Satellite Data Archive: satellite data accessed from archives in OFL mode (typically

historical data)



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Auxiliary Data Sources: miscellaneous data (e.g. GIS; DEM, etc), in many cases

static or low-frequency-updated, acting as support information to satellite data

within product generation process

Observation Data: dynamic observation information (e.g. synoptic data, weather

data, etc), usually locally available or acquired in several modes (RT, NRT or OFL),

used as support information within product generation process

NWP Models: output of Numerical Weather Prediction Systems

Data sources will be described in more detail on section 3.3.1; their interfaces will be

deeply treated in ICD [AD 10].

Top and bottom context diagram actors reproduce external systems interacting with H-

SAF that are:

EUMETCast: EUMETSAT‟s Broadcast System for Environmental Data

(EUMETCast), the EUMETSTAT multi-service dissemination system based on

standard Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) technology, used in H-SAF context for

product distribution towards representative end-users and, in some cases, as data

input interface (e.g. between parts of Soil Moisture generation chain);

EUMETSAT-PPF: EUMETSAT‟s Product Processing Facility (PPF) being built in

the frame of the EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS) Core Ground Segment

development. In H-SAF context it works like Soil Moisture global surface product

generation chain part generating the Level-2 (i.e. SM-OBS-1) and Level-1 ASCAT

products. Via EUMETCast it sends these products as input data to ZAMG Soil

Moisture global/regional surface products generation chain part (see also section

3.5.3). Moreover it receives global parameter database updating from TU-Wien.

U-MARF: the Unified Meteorological Archiving and Retrieval Facility is an

EUMETSAT facility jointly used by the EPS, MSG and MTP programs. In the frame

of H-SAF, U-MARF will act as OFL delivering system of H-SAF products to scientific

users (see section 4.6).

WMO-GTS: Global Telecommunication System (GTS), the WMO integrated

network of point-to-point and multi-point circuits which interconnects meteorological

telecommunication centres, acts as the elected way to disseminate H-SAF products

to Meteorological Users.

Finally, right part of the context diagram shows system users, which have been already

described in section 2.4.



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3.2 External Interfaces Overview

This section will give an outline of the external interfaces of H-SAF, providing concise

information on interfaces that are detailed in deep in the ICD [AD 10] delivered in

preliminary version at PDR and in baseline version at CDR.

Table 5, here following, reports H-SAF external interfaces (current and planned) needed in

order to acquire data input, mainly from satellite data sources to be used pre-operationally

and experimentally (see (1)) during the Development Phase (see ATDD [AD 18]). Note that

during the Development Phase the availability of satellites/instrument will change (some

deactivated, others launched)

Data Source Interface Description

Format

definition Data Source

Precipitation Subsystem interfaces

SEVIRI Meteosat 8

Direct read-out (only for

9)

[RD 8]

[RD 14]

NRT via EUMETCast [RD 9]

[RD 1]

AMSU-A NOAA 17 Direct read-out [RD 11]


AMSU-A NOAA 18 Direct read-out [RD 11]


AMSU-B NOAA 17 Direct read-out [RD 11]


SSM/I DMSP 15 NRT via EUMETCast [AD 10]

FTP from UKMO [AD 2]

SSMIS DMSP 16 NRT via EUMETCast [AD 10]

FTP from UKMO [AD 2]

MHS (4) MetOp Direct read-out [RD 6]


AMSU-A (4) MetOp Direct read-out [RD 6]



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Format



NWP UKMO FTP [AD 16]

Synoptic / Observation WMO-GTS RT [RD 12]

Auxiliary/Ancillary Data (various) OFL (various)

MHS (3) NOAA 18 Direct read-out [RD 11]


MVIRI (2) Meteosat 7

Direct read-out [RD 8]

[RD 14]


[RD 1]

AMSR-E (1) EOS-Aqua FTP [AD 2]

ATMS (1) NPP (1) [AD 2]

Gras (1) MetOp (1) [AD 2]

LIS (1) TRMM FTP and other NASA

interfaces

[AD 2]

PR (1) TRMM FTP and other NASA

interfaces

[AD 2]

TMI (1) TRMM FTP and other NASA

interfaces

[AD 2]

Soil Moisture Subsystem interfaces

ASCAT MetOp Direct read-out [AD 2]

AMI-SCAT (5) ERS 1/2 OFL [AD 10]

ASAR (6) Envisat OFL [AD 2]

Level-1 and 2

processed MetOp/

ASCAT data (7)

EUMETSAT-PPF NRT via EUMETCast [RD 9]

Synoptic / Observation WMO-GTS RT [RD 12]

Auxiliary Data (various) OFL (various)



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Format


Snow Parameters Subsystem interfaces

AVHRR NOAA Direct read-out

[AD 10]

[AD 2]

NRT via EUMETCast [AD 10]

AVHRR MetOp Direct read-out [RD 6]


Modis EOS-Aqua Direct read-out [AD 2]

FTP [AD 2]

AMSR-E (8) EOS-Aqua FTP [AD 2]

Modis EOS-Terra Direct read-out [AD 2]

FTP [AD 2]

SEVIRI Meteosat NRT via EUMETCast [RD 9]

SSM/I (9) DMSP FTP [AD 2]

SSMIS (9) DMSP FTP [AD 2]

Synoptic / Observation

Data WMO-GTS RT [RD 12]

NASA Archived Data NASA FTP [AD 10]

NOAA Archived Data NOAA FTP [AD 10]

ECMWF Archived Data ECMWF FTP [AD 10]

Table 5 H-SAF External Interfaces for Data Acquisition

(1) only used experimentally in the Development Phase

(2) MVIRI only used for initial development (see ATDD v2 part1 [AD 18])

(3) availability of instrument on NOAA-N‟(19) is not certain (managed in Project Plan risk

analysis, see [AD 2])

(4) availability of instrument is not certain (managed in Project Plan risk analysis, see [AD

2])

(5) only used initially for tuning algorithms and for early delivery of SM-ASS-1 product (see

[AD 16])



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(6) only used for building the database supporting SM-OBS-2 products generation

(7) Level-2 MetOp/ASCAT product corresponds to SM-OBS-1

(8) shows problem with direct read-out

(9) might not be actually used, at least until EOS-Aqua/AMSR-E is available

Note: Direct read-out data acquisition from NOAA-17, NOAA-18, MetOp and Meteosat-9

shall be replaced in case of acquisition failure by NRT acquisition via EUMETCast

The product disseminations to representative end-users such as Meteorological Services

and certain Units of Hydrological Services and Civil Protection, conditioned by severe

timeliness requirements, shall be performed in RT and NRT involving the production

centres, whilst those ones relevant to the scientific users shall occur OFL (though in a

reasonably short time) involving the H-SAF central archive.

Table 6 below reports the interfaces that shall be used for these disseminations; an

explanation of the acronym provided in the “Involved Data” column of this table is given in

Table 9, Table 10, Table 11, Table 12, Table 13 and Table 14.

Interface Description Involved Data External System/Organization

involved

Precipitation Subsystem

EUMETCast (NRT)

PR-OBS-1, PR-OBS-2 PR-

OBS-3, PR_OBS_4, PR-

OBS-5, PR-ASS-1

EUMETSAT/Scientific and other

Users

GTS (RT)


OBS-3, PR-OBS-4, PR-

OBS-5, PR-ASS-1

WMO-GTS/ Centres connected

via GTS

U-MARF client


OBS-3, PR-OBS-4, PR-

OBS-5, PR-ASS-1 on H-

SAF archive

U-MARF/Scientific Users

FTP (OFL) Products and Prototype

products Scientific Users

Soil Moisture Subsystem

EUMETCast (NRT) SM-OBS-1, SM-OBS-2 EUMETSAT



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Interface Description Involved Data External System/Organization

involved

GTS (RT) SM-OBS-2, SM-ASS-1 WMO-GTS

FTP Global Parameter Database EUMETSAT

FTP Regional Parameter

Database EUMETSAT

Snow Parameters Subsystem

FTP SN-OBS-1, SN-OBS-2, SN-

OBS-3, SN-OBS-4 Representative end-users

EUMETCast (NRT) SN-OBS-1, SN-OBS-2, SN-

OBS-3, SN-OBS-4 EUMETSAT and CNMCA

GTS (RT) SN-OBS-1, SN-OBS-2, SN-

OBS-3, SN-OBS-4 WMO-GTS

Offline Monitoring Subsystem

FTP H-SAF Products EUMETSAT

Table 6 H-SAF External Interfaces for Data Distribution

Each interface will be described in depth in dedicated sections of the ICD [AD 10]

delivered in preliminary version at PDR and in baseline version at CDR

3.3 Data Overview

In this paragraph an outline of H-SAF data is provided. External data acquired by the

system are listed, reporting correspondent data source and involved H-SAF products.

Afterwards, data models for non-satellite data sources of main interest (auxiliary/ancillary

and observation data) are depicted.

3.3.1 External data

The following table summarizes external data received by H-SAF; this table will be refined

during development phase.

An explanation of the acronym provided in the “Product involved” column of the table is

given in Table 9, Table 10, Table 11, Table 12, Table 13 and Table 14.



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Definition Data source Product involved

SEVIRI Meteosat PR-OBS-3, PR-OBS-4, PR-OBS-5,

SN-OBS-1, SN-OBS-3

MVIRI (**) Meteosat PR-OBS-3, PR-OBS-4, PR-OBS-5

AMSU-A NOAA PR-OBS-2, PR-OBS-3, PR-OBS-4,

PR-OBS-5, PR-ASS-1

AMSU-A MetOp PR-OBS-2, PR-OBS-3, PR-OBS-4,

PR-OBS-5, PR-ASS-1

AMSU-B NOAA PR-OBS-2, PR-OBS-3, PR-OBS-4,

PR-OBS-5, PR-ASS-1

MHS MetOp PR-OBS-2, PR-OBS-3, PR-OBS-4,

PR-OBS-5, PR-ASS-1

MHS NOAA PR-OBS-2, PR-OBS-3, PR-OBS-4,

PR-OBS-5, PR-ASS-1

SSM/I (***) DMSP PR-OBS-1, PR-OBS-3, PR-OBS-4,

PR-OBS-5, SN-OBS-2, SN-OBS-4

SSMIS (***) DMSP PR-OBS-1, PR-OBS-3, PR-OBS-4,


ATMS (*) NPP PR-OBS-2, PR-OBS-3, PR-OBS-4,

PR-OBS-5

Gras (*) MetOp PR-ASS-1

LIS (*) TRMM PR-OBS-1, PR-OBS-3, PR-OBS-4,

PR-OBS-5

PR (*) TRMM PR-OBS-1, PR-OBS-3, PR-OBS-4,

PR-OBS-5

TMI (*) TRMM PR-OBS-1, PR-OBS-3, PR-OBS-4,

PR-OBS-5

ASCAT MetOp SM-OBS-1, SM-OBS-2, SM-ASS-1

AMI-SCAT ERS 1/2 SM-OBS-1, SM-OBS-2, SM-ASS-1

ASAR Envisat SM-OBS-2

Auxiliary data (various)

PR-OBS-1, PR-OBS-2, PR-OBS-3,

PR-OBS-4, PR-OBS-5, PR-ASS-1,

SM-OBS-1, SM-OBS-2, SM-ASS-1,



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Definition Data source Product involved

SN-OBS-1, SN-OBS-2, SN-OBS-3,

SN-OBS-4

AVHRR NOAA SN-OBS-1, SN-OBS-3

AVHRR Metop SN-OBS-1, SN-OBS-3

MODIS EOS-Aqua SN-OBS-1, SN-OBS-3

SYNOP WMO-GTS SM-ASS-1, SN-OBS-1, SN-OBS-2,

SN-OBS-3, SN-OBS-4

AMSR-E EOS-Aqua PR-OBS-1, PR-OBS-3, PR-OBS-4,


MODIS EOS-Terra SN-OBS-1, SN-OBS-3

Hydro-meteorological, snow

course and discharge Data (various)

SN-OBS-1, SN-OBS-2, SN-OBS-3,

SN-OBS-4

DEM, GIS, Land Use (various) SN-OBS-1, SN-OBS-2 SN-OBS-3,

SN-OBS-4

Table 7 H-SAF External Data

(*) used experimentally during the Development Phase

(**) MVIRI will only be used for initial development (see ATDD v2 part1 [AD 18])

(***) SSMIS and SSM/I relatively to SN-OBS-2 and SN-OBS-4 might not be actually used,

at least until EOS-Aqua/AMSR-E is available

3.3.2 Auxiliary, Ancillary and Observation data

H-SAF product generation processes will make use of several kinds of non-satellite data

for generating products. They are useful also for data assimilation and for quality control

processes.

Note: ancillary and observation will be treated as a kind of auxiliary data. Thus from now

on a single class named AuxiliaryData shall represent all these kinds of non-satellite data.

The auxiliary data will be structured as shown in the following Class Diagram:



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cd Auxiliary and Observ ation Data Class Model

PR-

GC1_AuxiliaryData

Model_DataMaps_Data Network_Data

PR-

GC2_AuxiliaryData

PrecipitationAuxiliaryData

AuxiliaryData

+ export() : AuxiliaryData

SnowAuxiliaryDataSoilMoistureAuxiliaryData

SM-

GC1_AuxiliaryData

SYNOP_Data

HydroValidationAuxiliaryData

SM-

GC2_AuxiliaryData

Analysis_Data

SP-

GC1_AuxiliaryData

SP-

GC2_AuxiliaryData

WeatherData

- climateMonitoring: int

- groundTemperature: int

- hydrology: int

- precipitation: int

- temperature: int

- tourism: int

- wind: int

+ export() : AuxiliaryData

Observation and

Ancillary data

belongs to the

AuxiliaryData

classification

Figure 3: Class Diagram of Auxiliary Data

AuxiliaryData class generalizes the support information used in the main H-SAF

operational areas, represented by PrecipitationAuxiliaryData, SoilMoistureAuxiliaryData,

SnowParameterAuxiliaryData and HydroValidationAuxiliaryData classes.

First three classes are more specifically modelled as follows:

PrecipitationAuxiliaryData class originates from the following classes:



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o PR-GC1_AuxiliaryData class relevant to the generation chain of Observation

Precipitation products (PR-GC1) which uses the following kind of auxiliary

data:

internal to the Italian Meteorological Service (specifically: CNMCA)

like raingauge, radar and lightning networks data, satellite images,

meteorological National maps, TLD (Two Lines Data) from NORAD

external to the Italian Meteorological Service (specifically: DPC) like

raingauge and radar networks data

o PR-GC2_AuxiliaryData class relevant to the generation chain of Forecast

(assimilation) Precipitation products (PR-GC2) which uses auxiliary data like

DEM data

SoilMoistureAuxiliaryData class originates from the following two classes:

o SM-GC1_AuxiliaryData class relevant to the generation chain of global and

regional surface Soil Moisture products (SM-GC1) which uses auxiliary data

like:

Soil, land cover and vegetation maps;

Snow map (only used for regional products);

DEM data;

Meteorological network data;

Soil moisture network data;

o SM-GC2_AuxiliaryData class relevant to the generation chain of volumetric

Soil Moisture (root region) product (SM-GC2) which uses auxiliary data like:

Soil, land cover and vegetation maps;

Orography derived from DEM data;

Soil moisture network data;

SYNOP station data;

Atmospheric analyses from ECMWF;

SnowParameterAuxiliaryData, class originates from the following class:

o SP-GC_AuxiliaryData class used by both generation chains, flat/forested

(SP-GC1) and mountainous (SP-GC2), in charge of generation of Snow

Parameter products. These chains use the following auxiliary data:



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Synoptic observation (e.g. snow depth and weather information),

snow course and snow parameter coming from FMI, ECMWF MARS,

SYKE databases;

GIS (i.e. Land cover and vegetation maps);

DEM;

Snow maps coming from by Land Surface Analysis SAF database.

3.4 System Decomposition

3.4.1 General

From the overall architecture, the most important elements that can be focused are the

following:

1. The products generation process is split into five physical locations (Italy, Austria &

ECMWF, Finland & Turkey), so as to fully exploit all existing facilities for satellite

direct reception and data processing. The processing activities are shared out

among three main products generation chains: Precipitation, Snow Parameter and

Soil Moisture.

2. There will be a near-real-time dissemination of all products to the Institutes in

charge of Hydrological validation, which shall perform ingestion and validation in a

coordinated way. This activity will give as result a coordinated return of validation

reports to the products generation chain in order to carry out corrective actions on

products generation processes.

3. There will be an H-SAF archive, following the adopted centralized. The OM-CEN

component of the Offline Monitoring Subsystem is in charge of this central

archiving. There will be a centralization of all products generated by the above

mentioned three processing chains towards a central archive located at CNMCA

(Italy). This H-SAF archive will send the catalogue update to U-MARF via U-MARF

client by EUMETSAT and will thus provide OFL dissemination via ftp to scientific

users, together with a full monitoring of dissemination results.

4. Reports from Hydrological validation activities shall be archived in central H-SAF

archive and then retro-fitted to the product generation chains to achieve better

productions.

These aspects contribute to define a first level of system decomposition that brings to

identify five main subsystems:



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1. Precipitation Subsystem: in charge of acquiring and pre-processing input data,

generating Precipitation (Observation and Assimilation) products, performing

quality control processes and activities and disseminating products to end users;

2. Soil Moisture Subsystem, in charge of acquiring and pre-processing input

data, generating Soil Moisture (Observation and Assimilation) products,

performing quality control processes and activities and disseminating products

to end users;

3. Snow Parameter Subsystem, in charge of acquiring and pre-processing input

data, generating Snow Parameters (flat/forested, mountainous and merged)

products, performing quality control activities and disseminating products to end

users;

4. Hydro Validation Subsystem, in charge of providing independent assessment

of the usefulness of H-SAF products in operational hydrology and water

management, performing near-real-time acquisition of all products and carrying

out hydrological validation activities using available tools and consolidated

methods and models. It also provides valuable output for cal/val and validation

reports used by production subsystems for possible products quality

improvements;

5. Offline Monitoring Subsystem, in charge of acquiring products and validation

reports from the other subsystems, storing them in a central online/offline

archive, disseminating the archived data in OFL to scientific users via U-MARF

interface and performing a monitoring on dissemination results.

The description of the subsystem level architecture for the five identified subsystems is

given in section 4.

Overall H-SAF architecture outlining subsystems identification is provided in the following

UML Composite Structure Diagram (Figure 4).



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id System Decomposition

«system»

HSAF

UMARF

client

«subsystem»

Precipitation

«subsystem»

Snow Parameters

«subsystem»

Soil Moisture

«subsystem»

Offline Monitoring

EUMETSAT::

UMARF

Representativ e End

User(from Representative End-Users)

Data Source

(from Data Sources)

SCIENTIFIC USERS (R&D Institutes)

request HSAF product via UMARF

system

WMO::GTS

EUMETSAT::

EUMETCast

EUMETSAT::PPF

«subsystem»

Hydro Validation

Figure 4: Composite Structure Diagram of H-SAF system decomposition



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3.5 Subsystems description

3.5.1 Subsystems and components traceability

The following table traces each component with its relating subsystem; moreover, lists

components and relating subcomponents, which are described in detail in dedicate

sections of Component Design Document [AD 9], delivered in Preliminary version at PDR

and in Baseline version at CDR.

Subsystem Component Subcomponent

Identifier Description Identifier Description

Precipitation

PR-AP Data acquisition and pre-processing

PR-GC1 OBS Precipitation

Generation Chain

PR-GC1-PG1 PR-OBS-1 Product Generation


PR-GC1-PG3 PR-OBS-3 and PR-OBS-4

Products Generation


PR-GC1-QC PR-GC1 Quality Control

PR-GC2 ASS Precipitation

Generation Chain

PR-GC2-PG PR-ASS-1 Product Generation

PR-GC2-QC PR-GC2 Quality Control

PR-DIS Precipitation Dissemination

Soil Moisture

SM-GC1

OBS Global/Regional

Surface Soil Moisture

Generation Chain

SM-GC1-GPG SM-GC1 Global Product

Generation

SM-GC1-RPG SM-GC1 Regional Product

Generation

SM-GC1-QC SM-GC1 Quality Control

SM-GC2

ASS Volumetric Soil

Moisture (root region)

Generation Chain

SM-GC2-VPG SM-GC2 Volumetric Product

Generation

SM-GC2-QC SM-GC2 Quality Control

SM-DIS Soil Moisture Dissemination

Snow

Parameters SP-GC1

Flat/forested areas

and combined Snow

Parameters

SP-GC1-AP SP-GC1 Data acquisition and

pre-processing

SP-GC1-PG SP-GC1 Product Generation



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Subsystem Component Subcomponent

Identifier Description Identifier Description

Generation Chain SP-GC1-QC SP-GC1 Quality Control

SP-GC2

Mountainous areas

Snow Parameters

Generation Chain

SP-GC2-AP SP-GC2 Data acquisition and

pre-processing

SP-GC2-PG SP-GC2 Product Generation

SP-GC2-QC SP-GC2 Quality Control

SP-DIS Snow Parameters Dissemination

Hydro

Validation

HV-AP

Hydro Validation

Acquisition and

Processing

HV-AP-IS1 HV Impact Study 1 Belgium

HV-AP-IS2 HV Impact Study 2 France

HV-AP-IS3 HV Impact Study 3 Germany

HV-AP-IS4 HV Impact Study 4 Italy

HV-AP-IS5 HV Impact Study 5 Poland

HV-AP-IS6 HV Impact Study 6 Slovakia

HV-AP-IS7 HV Impact Study 7 Turkey

HV-VPR Hydro Validation Production Reporting

Offline

Monitoring

OM-CEN Centralization

OM-ARC Archiving

OM-REP Report Analysis and Generation

OM-DIS Dissemination

Table 8 H-SAF Subsystems, Components and Subcomponents

3.5.2 Precipitation subsystem

The architecture at subsystem level for Precipitation subsystem reflects the organization-

driven decomposition of the activities, roles and responsibilities depicted in the Project

Plan [AD 2].

The following first level components have been identified at this stage:

1) PR-AP: the component identified as “Precipitation Data Acquisition and Pre-processing”

for acquiring data from satellite data sources, for performing pre-processing on data

directly acquired in raw format and for providing input to both production components (PR-

GC1 and PR-GC2). Satellite data can be retrieved in NRT from DMSP (SSM/I and SSMIS)

and both in NRT and in RT (direct read-out) from MetOp(AMSU-A and MHS),

Meteosat(SEVIRI) and NOAA(AMSU-A, AMSU-B and MHS).



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2) PR-GC1: the generation chain identified as “OBS Precipitation generation chain” and

mainly located at CNMCA (Italy) for producing the following products:

Product

identifier Product description

PR-OBS-1 Precipitation rate at ground by MW conical scanners (with

indication of phase)

PR-OBS-2 Precipitation rate at ground by MW cross-track scanners (with

indication of phase)

PR-OBS-3 Precipitation rate at ground by GEO/IR supported by LEO/MW

PR-OBS-4 (*) Precipitation rate at ground by LEO/MW supported by GEO/IR

(with flag for phase)

PR-OBS-5 Accumulated precipitation at ground by MW+IR and MW only

Table 9 PR-GC1 Products description

(*) foreseen for Final Release timeframe

This chain is mainly located at CNMCA, Italy; this component is identified as “OBS

Precipitation generation chain” or PR-GC1; responsible person for this chain is

Francesco Zauli, who belongs to CNMCA institute.

3) PR-GC2: the generation chain identified as “ASS Precipitation generation chain”, also

located at CNMCA for producing the following product:

Product

identifier

Product description

PR-ASS-1 Instantaneous and accumulated precipitation at the ground

computed by a NWP model

Table 10 PR-GC2 Product description

This chain also located at CNMCA, Italy; this component is identified as “ASS

Precipitation generation chain” or PR-GC2



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4) PR-DIS: the component identified as “Precipitation Product Dissemination” for

disseminating all precipitation products, both OBS and ASS, respectively coming from PR-

GC1 and PR-GC2 components. These products are then disseminated to Representative

users through dedicated links generally existing in the framework of:

operational WMO GTS for Meteorological Services;

EUMETCast for Civil Protection Units and Institutes in charge of Hydrological

Validation.

At the same time products (to be archived) are sent to H-SAF Offline Monitoring

subsystem (see 3.5.6), located at CNMCA (Italy), which has in charge OFL dissemination

to Scientific Users using U-MARF, via ftp.

Observation data will be retrieved through Synoptic weather station database.

Auxiliary data will support product generation activity, through the use of highly accurate

digital elevation model and DEM‟s topologies.

The following figure reports the UML Composite Structure Diagram of Precipitation

Subsystem:



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cd Precipitation Subsystem

«subsystem»

Component Model::Precipitation

Direct Read-

out

NRT

FTP

«subsystem»

Component

Model::Offline

Monitoring

«component»

Component Model::PR-AP

«component»

Component Model::PR-DIS

«component»

Component Model::PR-GC2

«component»

Component Model::PR-

GC1

Meteosat (SEVIRI)

(from Data Sources)

MetOp (MHS,

AMSU-A)(from Data Sources)

NOAA Satellites

(from Data Sources)

DMSP(SSM/I)

(from Data Sources)

Auxiliary Data


EUMETSAT::

EUMETCast

WMO::GTS

SYNOP data from

wheater stations

NWP Sources

(from Data Sources)

(MHS,AMSU-A,

AMSU-B)

EUMETCast

NRT

Interface

«delegate»

«delegate»

Pre-processed

Data Acquisition

Products

disseminationProducts

disseminationSYNOP / Observation

Data

Figure 5: Composite Structure Diagram of Precipitation Subsystem



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3.5.3 Soil Moisture subsystem

This subsystem aims to generate two kinds of soil moisture products: Observation and

Assimilation.

Three products belong to these typologies:

Global surface soil moisture products (Observation);

Regional surface soil moisture products (Observation);

Volumetric, or root region, soil moisture product (Assimilation).

These products are based on data retrieved by a single satellite/instrument:

MetOp/ASCAT, even if the assimilation processing will be initially tested using ERS-

1&2/AMI-SCAT data.

As well detailed in the Project Plan [AD 2] development and generation of these products

are split in terms of organization, responsibilities and roles among the following actors:

IPF (Institut für Photogrammetrie und Fernerkundung i.e. Institute for

Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing) of the TU Wien (Technical University of

Vienna) is responsible for the development of both global and regional surface soil

moisture products (SM-OBS-1 and SM-OBS-2). Also responsible for the

maintenance of auxiliary files needed for SM-OBS-2 generation and for ERS-1&2

data.

EUMETSAT central PPF (Product Processing Facility) is responsible for the

generation of global surface soil moisture product (SM-OBS-1) extended to the

whole globe. It makes use of global parameter database provided by TU-Wien (see

[AD 2]).

o Note: the generation of the global product SM-OBS-1 occurs externally to the

Soil Moisture subsystem as EUMETSAT-PPF is external to H-SAF system

(see 3.1), physically located at EUMETSAT Headquarters (Germany).

EUMETSAT-PPF receives Level-0 ASCAT data in real-time via direct link

with MetOp using CDA (EUMETSAT station at Svalbard) and EARS (on-site

EUMETSAT station) using auxiliary data from a Global parameter database.

ZAMG (Zentral Anstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik, i.e. Central Institute for

Meteorology and Geodynamics) is responsible for the generation of regional (or

disaggregated) surface soil moisture product (SM-OBS-2) using as basis the global

product received from EUMETSAT via EUMETCast (SM-OBS-1), european

parameter database provided by TU-Wien and soil moisture profile from ECMWF

(see fig.15 in [AD 2]).



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Note: only in case of failure of SM-OBS-1 processing at EUMETSAT (or in

the unlikely event that EUMETSAT eventually decides not to implement this

processing at their facilities), a (partial, i.e. limited to H-SAF area) backup

chain for SM-OBS-1 processing shall be available at ZAMG, using the

ASCAT Level-1 product received from EUMETSAT via EumetCast.

ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts) is responsible for

the development and generation of volumetric soil moisture (root region) product

(SM-ASS-1). The generation is based on an advanced surface data assimilation

system (SDAS) assimilating forecast coming from IFS (first guess) and satellite

derived global surface soil moisture (SM-OBS-1) generated and received from

EUMETSAT via EUMETCast. The generated SM-ASS-1 product is sent to ZAMG to

be locally archived.

Note: the SDAS prototype will be developed using offline ERS-derived surface soil

moisture. When ASCAT-derived surface soil moisture (SM-OBS-1) will be also

available, the system will be adapted to this new kind of data.

The architecture at subsystem level for Soil Moisture subsystem thus reflects the above

described organization-driven decomposition.

The following first level components are identified at this stage:

1) SM-GC1: it represents the generation chain identified as “OBS Global/Regional Soil

Moisture generation chain”. It is physically located at ZAMG (Austria) for producing the

regional product (SM-OBS-2) and also (if needed) as backup generation chain (limited to

H-SAF region) for the global product (SM-OBS-1). It has to be used like backup chain only

in case of problem with EUMETSAT global product generation chain. These kinds of

products are identified as follows:

Product

identifier

Product description

SM-OBS-1 (*) Global surface soil moisture by radar scatterometer

SM-OBS-2 (**) Regional surface soil moisture by radar

scatterometer

Table 11 SM-GC1 Products description

(*) mainly produced at EUMETSAT Headquarters (i.e. externally to H-SAF)

(**) foreseen for Final Release timeframe



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2) SM-GC2: it represents the generation chain identified as “ASS Soil Moisture generation

chain” located at ECMWF (UK) for producing the following product:

Product

identifier

Product description

SM-ASS-1 (*) Volumetric soil moisture (roots region) by

scatterometer assimilation in NWP model

Table 12 SM-GC2 Products description


3) SM-DIS: it has in charge the delivery of all the soil moisture products together with the

quality control information to representative users. For this purpose it receives SM-ASS-1

product from SM-GC2 component through a dedicated link (via GTS). Then it performs

dissemination of SM-OBS-1, SM-OBS-2 and SM-ASS-1 in:

RT via WMO GTS (Global Telecommunication System) for Meteorological Services

NRT via EUMETCast (through CNMCA and EUMETSAT) for Civil Protection Units

and Institutes in charge of Hydrological Validation

OFL via U-MARF using H-SAF central archive (see also offline Monitoring

Subsystem: 3.5.6) for Scientific Users

Data acquisition is performed independently by these components:

SM-GC1 acquires as input:

Level-1 and Level-2 (SM-OBS-1) ASCAT products from EUMETSAT-PPF via

EUMETCast,

ERS-1&2 AMI-SCAT archived data (only in absence of ASCAT data and for

testing the surface soil moisture products generation chain) from TU-Wien H-

SAF component

European parameter database

Additional dataset

SM-GC2 acquires as input:



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Level-2 ASCAT (i.e. SM-OBS-1) product from EUMETSAT-PPF via

EUMETCast

modeled root zone soil moisture (first guess) coming from IFS , which output is

dependent from Satellite and Conventional observation

SM-GC2 also sends the generated SM-ASS-1 product to ZAMG local archive

The following figure shows the UML Composite Structure Diagram of the whole H-SAF

Soil Moisture subsystem, i.e. global/regional surface soil moisture component SM-GC1

(Austrian branch), volumetric (or root regions) soil moisture component SM-GC2 (ECMWF

branch) and soil moisture dissemination component SM-DIS (Austrian branch).

Note: For a better clarity of the representation EUMETSAT/EUMETCast actor has been

replicated to emphasize its double task: data provider for the Soil Moisture subsystem

(Level 1 and Level 2 ASCAT products generated by PPF) and data provider of the soil

moisture products for the Civil Protection Units and Institutes in charge of Hydrological

validation.



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cd Soil Moisture Subsystem

«subsystem»

Component Model::Soil Moisture

«component»

Component Model::SM-

GC1

«component»

Component Model::SM-

GC2

«subsystem»

Component

Model::Offline

Monitoring

EUMETSAT::

EUMETCast

ERS-1&2 (AMI-

SCAT)(from Data Sources)

Auxiliary Data


«component»

Component Model::

SM-DIS

Level-1&2 ASCAT

products generated by

EUMETSAT-PPF

WMO::GTS

RT Port

Figure 6: Composite Structure Diagram of Soil Moisture Subsystem



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3.5.4 Snow Parameters subsystem

The architecture at subsystem level for Snow Parameters subsystem reflects the

organization-driven decomposition of the activities, roles and responsibilities depicted in

the Project Plan [AD 2].

The following first level components are identified at this stage:

1) SP-GC1: it represents the generation chain identified as “Flat/forested areas and

combined Snow Parameters Generation Chain”, mainly located in FMI (Finland), for

generating the following intermediate products relevant to the flat/forested area only (“a”

marked):

SN-OBS-1a Snow detection (snow mask) by VIS/IR radiometry

SN-OBS-2 (**) Snow status (dry/wet) by MW radiometry

SN-OBS-3a Effective snow cover by VIS/IR radiometry

SN-OBS-4a (*) Snow water equivalent by MW radiometry


(**) already final product, so not combined, since an analogue product coming from SP-

GC2 (Turkey) doesn‟t exist

After the merging performed at FMI between FMI‟s intermediate products (flat/forested

area) and the analogue intermediate ones (mountainous area) coming from TSMS

(Turkey), the following final combined products are generated:

Product

identifier

Product description

SN-OBS-1 Snow detection (snow mask) by VIS/IR radiometry

SN-OBS-2 (**) Snow status (dry/wet) by MW radiometry

SN-OBS-3 Effective snow cover by VIS/IR radiometry

SN-OBS-4 (*) Snow water equivalent by MW radiometry

Table 13 SP-GC1 Products description


(**) already final product, so not combined, since an analogue product

coming from SP-GC2 (Turkey) is not foreseen



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2) SP-GC2: it represents the generation chain identified as “Mountainous areas Snow

Parameters Generation Chain”, mainly located in TSMS (Turkey), for generating the

following intermediate products relevant to the mountainous area (“b” marked):

Product

identifier

Product description

SN-OBS-1b Snow detection (snow mask) by VIS/IR radiometry

SN-OBS-3b Effective snow cover by VIS/IR radiometry

SN-OBS-4b (*) Snow water equivalent by MW radiometry

Table 14 SP-GC2 Products description


3) SP-DIS: it performs the products and quality control information dissemination to end

users in the following way:

RT via dedicated links provided by WMO GTS for Meteorological Services;

NRT via EUMETCast (through CNMCA and EUMETSAT) for Civil Protection Units

and Institutes in charge of Hydrological Validation.

OFL via UMARF using the H-SAF Central Archive located at CNMCA (Italy) for

scientific users and Institutes in charge of Hydrological Validation (see 3.5.6: H-SAF

Offline Monitoring Subsystem).

Data acquisition is performed independently by SP-GC1 and SP-GC2 that directly acquire

raw data from satellite sources and performs pre-processing of this data in order to feed

product generation chains.

The following figure (Figure 7) shows the UML Composite Structure Diagram of Snow

Parameters Subsystem:



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cd Snow Parameters Subsystem

«subsystem»

Component Model::Snow Parameters

«component»

Component Model::SP-GC1

«component»


«subsystem»

Component

Model::Offline

Monitoring

NOAA Satellite

(AVHRR)(from Data Sources)

MetOp(AVHRR)

(from Data Sources)

EOS-Aqua(MODIS)

(from Data Sources)

Meteosat (SEVIRI)

(from Data Sources)

DMSP(SSM/I)

(from Data Sources)

EOS-Aqua(AMSR-E)

(from Data Sources)

WMO::GTS

EUMETSAT::

EUMETCast

NASAarchiv es

(from Data Sources)NOAAarchiv es

(from Data Sources)

ECMWFarchiv es

(from Data Sources)

EOS-Terra(MODIS)

(from Data Sources)

DMSP (SSMIS)

(from Data Sources)

SYNOP Data /

snow products

Other SAF's

Products Sources(from Data Sources)

Hydrometeorological, Snow

course, Discharge Data.

DEM, Topologies, Land Use

«component»

Component Model::SP-DIS

NRT

Interface

FTP

Direct

read-out

Figure 7: Composite Structure Diagram of Snow Parameters Subsystem



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3.5.5 Hydro Validation subsystem

The architecture at subsystem level for Hydro Validation subsystem reflects the above

described organization-driven decomposition. Two first level components are identified at

this stage that are:

1) “Hydro Validation Acquisition and Processing” component or HV-AP in charge of:

Receiving H-SAF products coming from Precipitation, Soil Moisture and Snow

Parameters subsystems via EUMETCast and WMO-GTS;

Performing processing to adapt data to Hydrovalidation models (with particular

focus on fitting input variables to model resolution);

Applying Hydrovalidation models to a specific set of test sites (country and relevant

basins), in order to accomplish impact studies (i.e. experiments and relevant

scientific reports containing a minimum set of information as detailed in [AD 2]) for

each branch of products (precipitation, snow, soil moisture) on different catchments

(size, location, character). The final result is a report. For each basin, the study

approach is identical, although the detailed activity may substantially differ

depending on the actual situation. Scientific background, techniques and overall

strategy of validation programme is fully detailed in [AD 2] and [AD 16].

2) “Hydro Validation Production Reporting” component or HV-VPR in charge of:

Centralization and archiving of Impact Studies Validation Reports ;

Formatting the Impact Studies reports coming from the HV partners

(subcomponents HV-AP-ISx) in order to produce single HV reports compliant to the

expected format;

Dissemination of the above single HV report as artefacts to Offline Monitoring

subsystem (see 3.5.6) in order to be archived and then addressed to Precipitation,

Soil Moisture and Snow Parameters subsystems. As artefacts they are not directly

consumable by product generation chains, but their content is a fundamental input

to essential activities like cal/val and refining, tuning and optimizing production

processes in order to improve the quality product.

Under the leadership of IMWM (Poland), the core activity of the Hydrovalidation

programme is shared with the following organizations:

RMI (Belgium);

Météo-France (France);

BfG (Germany);



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DPC (Italy);

SHMI (Slovakia);

ITU, METU, AU (Turkey).

Each of these organizations is in charge of an Impact Study whose result is a specific

Hydro Validation Report. IMWM is in charge of coordinating and gathering the reports.

The engineering of the H-SAF system models each Impact Study, activities and relative

resources, as an autonomous Hydro Validation Subcomponent, belonging to the HV-AP

Component (e.g. HV-AP-IS1 for the Impact Study subcomponent n.1 hosted by RMI,

Belgium).

As previously stated, validation program is described in full detail in Project Plan [AD 2]

and Rep-2 [AD 16].

The architecture at subsystem level for Hydro Validation subsystem is shown in the

following UML Composite Structure Diagram:



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composite structure Hydro Validation Subsystem

«subsystem»

Component Model::Hydro Validation

«component»

Component Model::HV-AP

«component»

Component Model::HV-VPR

WMO::GTS

EUMETSAT::

EUMETCast

«subsystem»

Component Model::

Offline Monitoring

Figure 8: Composite Structure Diagram of Hydro Validation Subsystem



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3.5.6 Offline Monitoring subsystem

The purpose of Offline monitoring subsystem consists in:

centralizing products coming from H-SAF generation chains and validation reports

from institutes in charge of Hydrological Validation

storing these data into the Central Archive located at CNMCA (Italy). In particular,

for validation reports a dedicate database located in a specific area of the Central

Archive is needed in order to make them available for consultation and feedback

among all participants to the Hydrological Validation programme. This reporting

activity shall be performed using an automatic mechanism.

monitoring the adequacy of products delivery

disseminating H-SAF products to the end users (mainly scientific, in case

operational) via the EUMETSAT U-MARF client

monitoring the dissemination links between H-SAF product sources and

EUMETSAT members and cooperating States (performance of products delivery,

availability of the links etc.)

The monitoring task includes collection of reports from the addressed users and the

analysis of the reports to assess compliance with system performance requirements such

timeliness and reliability.

Four main components are identified:

1) “Centralization” component, or OM-CEN in charge of:

collecting all products coming from Precipitation, Soil Moisture and Snow

Parameter subsystems generation chains, as well as Hydrovalidation reports

from Hydro Validation Subsystem

2) “Archiving” component, or OM-ARC in charge of:

storing all products and reports in a central archive, both in online and OFL way

3) “Reporting” component, or OM-REP in charge of:

performing analysis on efficiency, performance, adequacy of products

characteristics and delivery

4) “Dissemination” component or OM-DIS in charge of:

monitoring and disseminating all H-SAF products through U-MARF interface

towards scientific users

The architecture at subsystem level for Offline Monitoring subsystem is shown in the

following UML Composite Structure Diagram (Figure 9).



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cd Offline Monitoring Subsystem

«subsystem»

Component

Model::Hydro

Validation

«subsystem»

Component Model::Offline Monitoring

EUMETSAT UMARF port

«component»

Component Model::OM-

CEN

«component»


ARC

«component»


DIS

«subsystem»

Component Model::Snow

Parameters

«subsystem»

Component Model::Soil

Moisture

«component»

Component Model::

OM-REP

«subsystem»

Component Model::

Precipitation

Figure 9: Composite Structure Diagram of Offline Monitoring Subsystem



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4 System Design

4.1 Design standards, conventions and procedures



H-SAF subsystems existence and interrelation has been modelled through a Component

Diagram at system context level and through Composite Structure Diagrams at subsystem

level, typical of 2.0 version of UML; this notation, in present SDD document, fits peculiarity

of H-SAF as “product generation chains” system: not specifically a software system but a

more complex, geographically distributed one.

A domain model has been provided here through UML Class diagrams, to detail the

hierarchy of H-SAF products and their relation with other managed data (e.g.: auxiliary

data, SYNOP data etc.).

A highlight has been given to the H-SAF system context and to the external

actors/systems roles and participation in product generation.

A representation of the physical aspects of H-SAF system has not been given here, since

these are significant at component level: their detailed description is provided in

Component Design Document (CDD) [AD 9], delivered in preliminary version at PDR and

in baseline version at CDR.

As both static and dynamic architecture of H-SAF system in mainly represented by

static/dynamic architecture of its subsystems, complete description of these aspects is

also reported in the Component Design Document [AD 9].

H-SAF System Engineering is compliant to the latest ECSS standards [RD 15], [RD 16],

[RD 17], [RD 18] tailored to the H-SAF characteristics.

Most of ECSS standard founding principles have been adopted into H-SAF Engineering,

such as the tailoring concept and the relationship between Software Engineering and

System Engineering.

These principles are particular meaningful in the H-SAF context, since H-SAF is a complex

system into which the software layer is just one of many different layers building up the

heterogeneous set-up.

The CASE tool used for the H-SAF Engineering Modelling in UML is Enterprise Architect

®. All diagrams have been maintained through this tool in one only database, improving in

this way the coherence of the model in all of its aspects.



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4.2 Precipitation subsystem

4.2.1 Subsystem components

Precipitation subsystem is composed by the following components:

PR-AP (Precipitation Data Acquisition and Pre-processing)

PR-GC1 (OBS Precipitation Products Generation Chain)

PR-GC2 (ASS Precipitation Product Generation Chain)

PR-DIS (Precipitation Product Dissemination)

Inside PR-GC1 and PR-GC2 components several subcomponents can be identified:

PR-GC1-PG1 (PR-OBS-1 Product generation)


PR-GC1-PG3 (PR-OBS-3 and PR-OBS-4 Products generation)


PR-GC1-QC (PR-GC1 Quality control and Calibration)

PR-GC2-PG (PR-ASS-1 Product generation)

PR-GC2-QC (PR-GC2 Quality control and Calibration)

These subcomponents concern the most relevant functional areas identifiable within the

product generation process.

In the following sections a concise description of such components and subcomponents is

provided. For detailed description of architecture, as well as of static, dynamic and

physical aspects, reference must be made to Component Design Document (CDD) [AD 9]

delivered in preliminary version at PDR and in baseline version at CDR.

4.2.1.1 Precipitation Acquisition and Pre-processing (PR-AP)

This component provides ingestion of satellite data from several data sources, as listed in

Table 7 H-SAF External Data and pre-processed data acquired in raw format.

In particular, considering the actual situation for the operational satellites (see also Table4

in ATDD [AD 18]):

it acquires in RT via direct-read-out (direct visibility condition) from:



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o NOAA-17 (AMSU-A and AMSU-B), NOAA-18 (AMSU-A and MHS)

o MetOp-1 (AMSU-A and MHS)

o Meteosat-8 (SEVIRI) and Meteosat-9 (SEVIRI) in direct visibility condition;

The same data is retrieved in NRT via EUMETCast for all H-SAF area not in direct

visibility. Same process is envisaged for NOAA-N‟(19) when operational (see also

[AD 2] for possible unavailability of AMSU-A and/or MHS instruments on this

satellite);

it acquires in NRT via FTP from DMSP-F13 (SSM/I) and DMSP-S16 (SSMIS).

it performs pre-processing of AMSU-A, AMSU-B, MHS and SEVIRI data acquired in

direct-read-out.

it sends relevant pre-processed data to both PR-GC1 and PR-GC2 components via

LAN.

Component PR-AP is not further decomposed into sub-components.

4.2.1.2 OBS Precipitation Generation Chain (PR-GC1)

The component PR-GC1 generates the following basic observation precipitation products:

PR-OBS-1

PR-OBS-2

PR-OBS-3

PR-OBS-4 (available only for Final Release)

PR-OBS-5

The activity is led by several Italian units, as follows.

CNMCA is responsible for:

providing the basic structures for meteorological satellite acquisition, pre-

processing, processing and distribution

integrating the application software, with support from CNR-ISAC

operating the facilities through the Development Phase

CNR-ISAC is responsible for:

developing and providing database and algorithms for product

generation

assisting CNMCA for software integration



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developing quality control procedures

The DPC is responsible for:

providing auxiliary and ancillary data (raingauge and radar networks)

either directly managed or controlled in the framework of the Italian Civil

Defence organization

providing fast-reacting user feedback useful for quality control

The component PR-GC1 is split into several subcomponents as follows:

PR-GC1-PG1 - it has in charge:

ingestion from PR-AP of pre-processed DMSP(SSM/I and SSMIS)

satellite data

production of PR-OBS-1 using the radiative cloud/precipitation models

database


ingestion from PR-AP of pre-processed NOAA(AMSU-A), MetOp(AMSU-

A), NOAA(AMSU-B), NOAA(MHS) and MetOp(MHS) satellite data

production of PR-OBS-2 using the cloud/radiation models database


ingestion from PR-AP of pre-processed Meteosat(SEVIRI) satellite data

acquisition of PR-OBS-1 and PR-OBS-2 used for “calibration” of IR image

against MW measurements either in case of “Rapid-update” technique

(PR-OBS-3) and in case of “Morphing” technique (PR-OBS-4)

production of PR-OBS-3 and PR-OBS-4 (the latter scheduled to be

released with Final Release of product stream)

Note: the processing aspects respect PR-OBS-4 production are still under

development by I.S.A.C.- CNR


acquisition initially of PR-OBS-3 and later of PR-OBS-4 (the latter

available only for Final Release)

“time integration” of the above products involving also other external

information like observed (rain gauges) and forecast (NWP models)

production of PR-OBS-5



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PR-GC1-QC - it has in charge:

calibration activity and quality control on OBS products coming from PR-

GC1-PG, with support of plenty of auxiliary and ancillary data

return of products to PR-GC1-PG with quality flag updated, in order to be

disseminated by mean of PR-DIS

The following figure shows the UML Composite Structure Diagram of PR-GC1 component:

cd PR-GC1 Component

«component»


«subcomponent»

Component Model::PR-GC1-

PG1

«subcomponent»

Component Model::PR-GC1-QC

«component»

Component Model::PR-AP

«component»

Component Model::PR-DIS«subcomponent»

Component Model::PR-

GC1-PG2

«subcomponent»

Component Model::PR-GC1-PG3

«subcomponent»

Component Model::PR-GC1-PG4

Auxiliary Data

Sources

Figure 10: Composite Structure Diagram of PR-GC1 Component

4.2.1.3 ASS Precipitation Generation Chain (PR-GC2)

Within generation of precipitation products, in addition to the original observations at the

proper times and locations, a space-time continuous field will also be provided by

assimilating the original precipitation data in a NWP model. This also will serve as a

backup for the user against occasional gaps in the satellite processing cycle and as one

tool for quality control.

Currently, it is envisaged to use the COSMO MED model of the Italian Met Service. It is a

non-hydrostatic model with 35 vertical levels and resolution 7 km (to be reduced to 2.5 km

in the near future). The current version of COSMO MED is unable to assimilate

precipitation data: this is foreseen as a future development. However, it assimilates many

types of processed satellite data.



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The PR-GC2 component, entirely represented by CNMCA, generates the following

assimilation precipitation product:

PR-ASS-01

This component is split into several subcomponents as follows:

PR-GC2-PG - it has in charge:

data assimilation of Observation data (SYNOP, TEMP) coming from

WMO-GTS, satellite data coming from PR-AP component and

boundary conditions coming from ECMWF;

application of COSMO-ME model to generate products in numerical

format;

return of products to component PR-DIS via LAN when these ones

are available and quality-controlled.

PR-GC2-QC - it has in charge:

application of quality control on ASS products;

calibration of used model, making use of FDP external parameters

and updates quality flag on products.

Here follows the Composite Structure Diagram of PR-GC2 component (Figure 11).

cd PR-GC2 Component

«component»


«subcomponent»

Component Model::PR-GC2-PG

«subcomponent»

Component Model::PR-GC2-QC

«component»

Component Model::PR-AP«component»

Component Model::PR-DIS

Pre-processed Data

Acquisition

Figure 11: Composite Structure Diagram of PR-GC2 Component

4.2.1.4 Precipitation Dissemination (PR-DIS)

The component PR-DIS disseminates all precipitation products (OBS coming from PR-

GC1 component and ASS coming from PR-GC2) to end users. Specifically it performs:



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RT dissemination to Meteorological Institutes through delivery via GTS

communication system;

NRT dissemination to Operational Institutes such as Civil Protection Units or

Institutes in charge of hydrological validation via EUMETCast broadcasting,

establishing a ftp data flow to EUMETSAT;

a dissemination to Offline Monitoring subsystem via LAN, in order to archive all

precipitation products and to guarantee OFL dissemination to scientific users using

U-MARF via U-MARF client.

Component PR-DIS is not further decomposed into subcomponents.

4.3 Soil Moisture subsystem

4.3.1 Subsystems components

Soil Moisture subsystem is composed by the following components:

SM-GC1 (OBS Global/Regional Surface Soil Moisture generation chain)

SM-GC2 (ASS Volumetric Soil Moisture (root region) generation chain)

SM-DIS (Soil Moisture Dissemination)

Inside SM-GC1 and SM-GC2 components several subcomponents can be identified:

SM-GC1-GPG (SM-GC1 Global Product Generation)

SM-GC1-RPG (SM-GC1 Regional Product Generation)

SM-GC1-QC (SM-GC1 Quality Control)

SM-GC2-VPG (SM-GC2 Volumetric Product Generation)

SM-GC2-QC (SM-GC2 Quality Control)


provided. For a detailed architecture description, as well as of static, dynamic and physical

aspects, reference must be made to Component Design Document [AD 9] delivered in

preliminary version at PDR and in baseline version at CDR.



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4.3.1.1 OBS Global/Regional Soil Moisture Generation Chain (SM-GC1)

The component SM-GC1 (ZAMG) represents the generation chain that has in charge the

generation of the following global (backup) and regional observation surface soil moisture

products:

SM-OBS-1 (backup of EUMETSAT global product; see 3.5.3)

SM-OBS-2 (available only for Final Release)

This generation chain is split into several subcomponents as follows:

SM-GC1-GPG: used as SM-OBS-1 backup processing chain in case of problems

with the analogue processing at EUMETSAT Headquarter (e.g. processing unduly

delayed). It receives the Level-1 ASCAT product from EUMETSAT via EUMETCast

for generating the SM-OBS-1 backup product (limited to H-SAF area).

SM-GC1-RPG: it receives the Level-2 (SM-OBS-1) ASCAT product and using

European parameters database and additional dataset it generates the SM-OBS-2

regional product (available for Final Release only).

SM-GC1-QC: represents quality control performed at ZAMG on SM-OBS-1 backup

product generated by SM-GC1-GPG and on SM-OBS-2 with support of auxiliary

data.

The following figure shows the UML Composite Structure Diagram of SM-GC1 component.

cd SM-GC1 Component

«component»

Component Model::SM-GC1

«subcomponent»

Component Model::SM-GC1-GPG

«subcomponent»

Component Model::SM-GC1-

QC

«subcomponent»

Component Model::SM-GC1-RPG

«component»

Component Model:

:SM-DIS

ASCAT data

European Parameter data

ERS archived data

«component»

Component Model:

:SM-GC2

Global Parameter Data

«delegate»

Figure 12: Composite Structure Diagram of SM-GC1 component

4.3.1.2 ASS Volumetric Soil Moisture Generation Chain (SM-GC2)

The component SM-GC2 (ECMWF) represents the generation chain that has in charge the

generation of the following volumetric soil moisture product:



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SM-ASS-1.


SM-GC2-VPG: it represents the generation chain of SM-ASS-1 product. It receives

the Level-2 ASCAT global product (i.e. SM-OBS-1) via EUMETCast and the first

guess coming from IFS. Then it assimilates SM-OBS-1 in the NWP model

generating the SM-ASS-1 product. If SM-OBS-1 generated at EUMETSAT is not

available, it retrieves the SM-OBS-1 backup product generated by SM-GC1-GPG.

SM-GC2-QC: represents quality control performed at ECMWF on SM-ASS-1

product coming from SM-GC2-VPG with support of auxiliary data

Note: the prototype of the Surface Data Assimilation System (SDAS) will be developed

using ERS-1&2 derived surface soil moisture. When ASCAT data will become available in

real time the system will be adapted to the new kind of data and subsequently tested.

The following figure shows the Composite Structure Diagram of SM-GC2 component.

cd SM-GC2 Component

«component»

Component Model::SM-GC2

«component»

Component

Model::SM-GC1«subcomponent»

Component Model::SM-GC2-VPG

«subcomponent»

Component Model::SM-GC2-QC

«component»

Component

Model::SM-DIS

Global Product

generated by

EUMETSAT PPF

IFS First Guess

and Auxiliary

Data for QC

Backup Global

Product

ERS data for

SDAS prototype

development

Figure 13: Composite Structure Diagram of SM-GC2 component



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The following description focuses mainly on scientific aspects rather than on engineering

aspects strictly related to component set up is reported in the following; in fact most

implementation choices/decisions shall depend on first experimental phases.

Surface data assimilation system development for ERS data

ERS derived surface soil moisture has already been available for an extended period.

The global data set is quite ideal to develop and implement the production chain for the

H-SAF root zone soil moisture

The H-SAF root zone soil moisture demonstration product will be based on ERS

derived surface soil moisture and the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) at ECMWF. For

the „historic‟ (i.e. not near real time) ERS data the data assimilation system will be run

OFL. Full assimilation experiments using the atmospheric 4D-Var analysis are too time

consuming and computationally expensive to be run for extended time periods. A

surface data assimilation suite (SDAS) tailored to the H-SAF applications will be

developed. The „hydrology assimilation suite‟ will run 24-hour forecast experiments to

obtain the first guess. To initialize the forecast, atmospheric analysis fields from the

archive will be used. Only volumetric soil moisture fields will be used from the previous

day‟s analyses to allow the system to propagate information on the state of the land

surface. 10-day forecasts will be performed once a day based on atmospheric fields

from the archive and analysed soil moisture.

The building of this suite comprises three main tasks:

The SDAS will be set up using ECMWF‟s Supervisor Monitor Scheduler.

The „swath‟ based observations from the adjusted BUFR data files will be

matched with the corresponding model fields. The collocation software will be

developed and implemented. It is envisaged to interpolate observations to the

reduced Gaussian model grid.

Including a new observation type for the extended Kalman filter requires significant

technical changes to the operational software. Basically, new fields for the observed

variables will be introduced in the IFS and the rank of vectors and matrices involved in

the EKF computations will be adjusted.

The hydrology assimilation suite will be run for an extended period covering at least 2

months during northern hemispheric spring / summer. Soil moisture profiles will be

archived and distributed for further validation and impact studies.

Surface data assimilation system implementation for ASCAT data

From early 2008 onwards, ASCAT derived surface soil moisture will be available in

near real time (NRT). The work covered through WP 3220 will comprise the operational



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monitoring of the NRT satellite data and modifications of the ERS prototype data

assimilation system. ASCAT based root zone soil moisture will be produced with the

IFS. If the impact of the ASCAT data on the forecast is positive the operational surface

analysis will be introduced in operations.

Near real time surface soil moisture derived from ASCAT will be available at the

beginning of 2008. A processing chain for the BUFR data will be established for

operational monitoring of the soil moisture fields. The collocation software developed

for the „hydrology assimilation suite‟ is implemented in the operational forecast system.

The modelled soil moisture values are compared against the ASCAT derived product in

NRT. Departure statistics will be derived on a regular basis. It will be checked if the

observation operators derived for ERS / re-analysis data are transferable to ASCAT /

IFS. Based on the monitoring results new observation operators will be derived if

necessary.

Once a reliable set of observation operators is established, the Integrated Forecast

System will be run for an extended period covering at least 2 months during northern

hemispheric spring / summer. Soil moisture profiles will be archived and distributed for

further validation and impact studies. The impact of the ASCAT data on the weather

forecast will be analyzed and standardized skill scores will be compared against the

ones obtained from the operational forecast.

If the evaluation of the forecast experiments (WP 3222) is positive, i.e. ASCAT derived

surface soil moisture data improve the soil moisture analysis and results in a neutral to

positive impact on the forecast quality, the NRT data will be used operationally.

4.3.1.3 Soil Moisture Dissemination (SM-DIS)

It represents the dissemination performed at ZAMG of all soil moisture products (SM-OBS-

1 and SM-OBS-2 coming from SM-GC1 and SM-ASS-1 coming from SM-GC2) together

with the quality control information to:

Meteorological Services via WMO-GTS (RT)

Civil Protection Units and Institutes in charge of Hydrological Validation via

EUMETCast (NRT)

H-SAF central archive at CNMCA (OFL)

Component SM-DIS is not further decomposed into subcomponents.



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4.4 Snow Parameters subsystem


Snow Parameters subsystem is composed by the following components:

SP-GC1 (Flat/forested areas and combined Snow Parameters Generation Chain)

SP-GC2 (Mountainous areas Snow Parameters Generation Chain)

SP-DIS (Snow Parameters Dissemination)

Inside SP-GC1 and SP-GC2 components several subcomponents can be identified:

SP-GC1-AP (SP-GC1 Acquisition and Pre-processing)

SP-GC2-AP (SP-GC2 Acquisition and Pre-processing)

SP-GC1-PG (SP-GC1 Product generation)

SP-GC2-PG (SP-GC2 Product generation)

SP-GC1-QC (SP-GC1 Quality control)

SP-GC2-QC (SP-GC2 Quality control)


provided; for detailed description of architecture, as well as of static, dynamic and physical

aspects, reference must be made to Component Design Document (CDD) [AD 9] delivered

in preliminary version at PDR and in baseline version at CDR

4.4.1.1 Flat/forested areas and combined Snow Parameters Generation Chain (SP-GC1)

The component SP-GC1 represents the generation chain located at FMI (Finland) that has

in charge:

generation of the following snow parameters products relevant to flat/forested

areas:

SN-OBS-1a

SN-OBS-2 (already final product)

SN-OBS-3a

SN-OBS-4a (available only for Final Release)



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generation of the following final combined products resulting from merging between

the above products (flat/forested area) and the analogue (mountainous area) ones

coming from SP-GC2 generation chain (TSMS):

SN-OBS-1

SN-OBS-2 (not combined: absence of correspondent SP-GC2 product)

SN-OBS-3

SN-OBS-4 (available only for Final Release)


SP-GC1-AP: it acquires raw data in

o RT via direct read-out from EOS-Aqua(MODIS), EOS-Terra(MODIS),

MetOp(AVHRR) and NOAA(AVHRR).

o NRT via EUMETCast from MetOp(AVHRR), NOAA(AVHRR) and

Meteosat(SEVIRI)

o OFL via FTP from EOS-Aqua(AMSR-E) and from NASA for EOS-

Aqua(MODIS) and EOS-Terra(MODIS). DMSP(SSMIS) and DMSP(SSM/I)

might not be actually used at least until EOS-Aqua(AMSR-E) data is

available.

It acquires also auxiliary data from several databases (see 3.3.2). Then it pre-processes

both raw and auxiliary data generating Level-0 products and then, after an on-line

calibration and geolocation, generating Level-1 products too.

SP-GC1-PG: it receives as input the pre-processed data in order to generate the

intermediate snow parameters products: SN-OBS-1a, SN-OBS-2, SN-OBS-3a and

SN-OBS-4a. Then, after receiving the intermediate snow products generated by

SP-GC2-PG, it performs the merging among analogue products to obtain the final

snow parameters products: SN-OBS-1, SN-OBS-2 (not combined), SN-OBS-3 and

SN-OBS-4.

SP-GC1-QC: it performs the offline quality control activity on the snow parameters

products using appropriate rules, procedures and protocols arranged by FMI. It is

also used for quality control of measures for snow recognition, fractional snow cover

and snow water equivalent products. The quality of the auxiliary data is also

essential for the accuracy of the products. Therefore, predefined quality control

tests are planned to be applied for the auxiliary data in the first hand to determine

the legitimacy of the observations. A flagging procedure is planned to be employed

in order to classify the quality level of the observation. The main purpose of this part

of the process is to extract the significantly questionable data as an input. The



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quality control of the pre-operational product will be engaged separately and

validated by using the similar approach.

The following figure shows the Composite Structure Diagram of SP-GC1 component:

cd SP-GC1 Component

«component»


NRT Acquisition

Direct read-out acquisition

OFL Acquisition

SYNOP Data acquisition

«subcomponent»

Component Model::SP-GC1-PG

«subcomponent»

Component Model::SP-GC1-QC

«subcomponent»

Component Model::SP-GC1-AP

«component»

Component Model::

SP-DIS

«component»

Component Model::

SP-GC2

Figure 14: Composite Structure Diagram of SP-GC1 component

4.4.1.2 Mountainous areas Snow Parameters Generation Chain (SP-GC2)

The component SP-GC2 represents the generation chain located at TSMS (Turkey) that

has in charge the generation of the following intermediate snow parameters products

relevant to the mountainous areas:

SN-OBS-1b

SN-OBS-3b

SN-OBS-4b (available only for Final Release)




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SP-GC2-AP: it acquires raw data in

o RT via direct read-out from MetOp(AVHRR) and NOAA(AVHRR). In the

second part of H-SAF development phase also from EOS-Aqua(MODIS) and

EOS-Terra(MODIS) using a new acquisition station at TSMS.

o NRT via EUMETCast from MetOp(AVHRR), NOAA(AVHRR) and

Meteosat(SEVIRI)

o OFL via FTP from NASA for EOS-Aqua(AMSR-E), EOS-Aqua(MODIS) and

EOS-Terra(MODIS); for DMSP(SSMIS) and DSMP(SSM/I) from UKMO.

SP-GC2-AP acquires also auxiliary data from several databases. Then it pre-processes

both raw and auxiliary data generating Level-0 products and then, after an on-line

calibration and geolocation, generating Level-1 products too.

SP-GC2-PG: it receives as input the pre-processed data in order to generate the

intermediate snow parameters products: SN-OBS-1b, SN-OBS-3b and SN-OBS-4b.

Then it sends these snow products to SP-GC1-PG to allow the merging among

analogue products to obtain the final combined ones: SN-OBS-1, SN-OBS-3 and

SN-OBS-4.

SP-GC2-QC: it performs the offline quality control activity on the snow parameters

products using appropriate rules, procedures and protocols arranged by TSMS. It is

also used for quality control of measures for snow recognition, fractional snow cover

and snow water equivalent products. The quality of the auxiliary data is also

essential for the accuracy of the products. Therefore, predefined quality control

tests are planned to be applied for the auxiliary data in the first hand to determine

the legitimacy of the observations. A flagging procedure is planned to be employed

in order to classify the quality level of the observation. The main purpose of this part

of the process is to extract the significantly questionable data as an input. The

quality control of the pre-operational product will be engaged separately and

validated by using the similar approach.

The following figure shows the Composite Structure Diagram of SP-GC2 component:



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cd SP-GC2 Component

«component»


NRT acquisition

Direct read-out acquisition

OFL acquisition

Other SAF acquisition

SYNOP Data acquisition

«subcomponent»

Component Model::SP-GC2-AP

«subcomponent»

Component Model::SP-GC2-PG

«subcomponent»

Component Model::SP-GC2-QC

«component»

Component Model::

SP-GC1

Intermediate mountaineous

products provided by SP-GC2

to SP-GC1

Figure 15: Composite Structure Diagram of SP-GC2 component

4.5 Hydro Validation subsystem


As previously described (section 3.5.5), Hydro Validation subsystem is composed by the

following components:

HV-AP (Hydro Validation Acquisition and Processing)

HV-VPR (Hydro Validation Production Reporting)

Inside HV-AP component several subcomponents can be identified, one for each Impact

Study involved in the Hydro Validation programme. IMWM (Poland) is the HV Cluster

Leader and, at the same time, it is one of the 7 Impact Studies, here modelled as a

subcomponent. The subcomponents are:

HV-AP–IS1 (HV Impact Study 1 Belgium)

HV-AP–IS2 (HV Impact Study 2 France)



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HV-AP–IS3 (HV Impact Study 3 Germany)

HV-AP–IS4 (HV Impact Study 4 Italy)

HV-AP–IS5 (HV Impact Study 5 Poland)

HV-AP–IS6 (HV Impact Study 6 Slovakia)

HV-AP–IS7 (HV Impact Study 7 Turkey)



physical aspects, reference must be made to Component Design Document [AD 9]


4.5.1.1 Hydro Validation Acquisition and Processing component (HV-AP)

Each subcomponents belonging to the HV-AP (HV-AP-ISx) is in charge of:

acquiring products generated by Precipitation, Soil Moisture and Snow Parameters generation chains;

adapting products acquired into parameters, in order to be ready to be processed into the hydro validation models (processing);

validating products after model execution;

sending processed report to the HV-VPR component.

Note: there is not a direct link between each HV-AP-ISx and each of the product

generation chains: the acquisition is carried out in RT through WMO GTS network and in

NRT through EUMETSAT‟s EUMETCast network.

4.5.1.2 Hydro Validation Production Reporting component (HV-VRP)

HV-VPR component receives reports coming from HV-AP (specifically from each

subcomponents HV-AP-ISx) immediately after their processing. Thus all incoming reports

are formatted into a single HV report.

Then it disseminates this HV report to the Offline Monitoring subsystem.

This component is not further decomposed in subcomponents.



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4.6 Offline Monitoring subsystem


As previously described, (section 3.5.6) four main components are identified:

OM-CEN (Centralization)

OM-ARC (Archiving)

OM-REP (Reporting)

OM-DIS (Dissemination)



physical aspects, reference must be made to Component Design Document [AD 9]


4.6.1.1 Centralization component (OM-CEN)

OM-CEN component manages data ingestion via dedicated links with Precipitation, Soil

Moisture and Snow Parameters subsystems.

The external data for the Offline Monitoring subsystem are all the products from the three

processing subsystem. Along with these, the component itself will provide other categories

of data about monitoring activity of product receiving process, as statistics of delivery and

reception times, compliance of messages to the technical specifications and so on.

H-SAF products, together with monitoring information, are sent to OM-ARC component for

archiving.


4.6.1.2 Archiving component (OM-ARC)

This component has in charge archiving of all H-SAF products coming from OM-CEN

component.

A structured database, granting dedicated areas for each specific product (precipitation,

soil moisture and snow), stores product data associated to statistic information on both

receiving and delivery processes, generated by OM-CEN and OM-DIS components.

Long term data storage is provided and support facilities guarantee moving data from

online access mode to OFL access mode on persistence time basis.


4.6.1.3 Reporting component (OM-REP)

One of the crucial tasks of Offline Monitoring subsystem is the analysis of reports from the

addressed users, to assess compliance with system performance requirements such as



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timeliness and reliability. OM-REP is the component in charge of carrying out this analysis.

This task requires intelligent interaction between H-SAF Operating Units. The activity

implies:

compilation of statistics of delivery times, reception times, dissemination success

rates for the various production centres, reception success rates for the various

addressed users, compliance with format and message content specification, etc

critical analysis of failures and their classification (occasional or structural)

The report analysis function is supported by the central archive facility.


4.6.1.4 Dissemination component (OM-DIS)

OM-DIS component implements H-SAF interface with U-MARF, the EUMETSAT‟s U-

MARF facility, jointly used by the EPS, MSG and MTP programs.

In the frame of SAFs, U-MARF is responsible for managing a central catalogue containing

references to all products available from the SAF archiving centres. U-MARF allows

authorized users to query, select and order the products.

OM-DIS component sends a catalogue update of H-SAF products and associated

metadata to the U-MARF database via the U-MARF client provided by EUMETSAT.

Moreover it is in charge of delivering H-SAF products ordered via U-MARF, through data

retrieving from OM-ARC component and of reporting to U-MARF on the progress of the

orders.

OM-DIS periodically requests from U-MARF the orders of its products. The product orders

contain all information required for preparing and delivering the products, for example data

delivery media, format and user information. The progress on processing the orders is

reported to U-MARF, which provides this information to the user.


4.7 Physical design

H-SAF physical specifications emerge to be significant at component level, thus physical

design is fully depicted in dedicated sections of Component Design Document [AD 9]


5 TBDs/TBCs list

No TBD/TBC items are pending.



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6 Requirements traceability

The following table summarizes the mapping of the requirements to H-SAF subsystems:

Subsystem System Requirement identifier

All H-SAF Subsystems SR-00030-FUN-GEN

SR-00040-FUN-GEN

SR-00050-FUN-GEN

SR-00060-FUN-GEN

SR-10010-FUN-ACQ

SR-10020-FUN-ACQ

SR-10090-FUN-ACQ

SR-10100-FUN-ACQ

SR-10110-FUN-ACQ

SR-10120-FUN-ACQ

SR-20010-FUN-PPR

SR-70010-RAM-GEN

SR-70020-RAM-GEN

SR-70030-RAM-GEN

SR-70040-RAM-GEN

SR-70050-RAM-GEN

SR-70060-RAM-GEN

SR-70070-OPE-GEN

SR-80010-OPE-GEN

SR-80020-OPE-GEN

SR-80040-OPE-GEN

SR-91000-PER-GEN

SR-91010-PER-GEN

SR-91020-PER-GEN

SR-92010-POR-GEN

SR-92020-POR-GEN

SR-92030-POR-GEN

SR-92040-POR-GEN

SR-93010-RES-GEN

SR-93050-RES-GEN

SR-93060-RES-GEN

SR-94010-SAF-GEN

SR-94020-SAF-GEN



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SR-94030-SAF-GEN

SR-94040-SAF-GEN

SR-94060-SEC-GEN

SR-94070-SEC-GEN

SR-94080-SEC-GEN

SR-95010-DOC-GEN

Precipitation Subsystem SR-00010-FUN-GEN

SR-00020-FUN-GEN

SR-00070-FUN-GEN

SR-10130-FUN-ACQ

SR-12010-FUN-ACQ

SR-12011-FUN-ACQ

SR-12020-FUN-ACQ

SR-12021-FUN-ACQ

SR-12030-FUN-ACQ

SR-12031-FUN-ACQ

SR-12040-FUN-ACQ

SR-12041-FUN-ACQ

SR-12050-FUN-ACQ

SR-12051-FUN-ACQ

SR-12060-FUN-ACQ

SR-12061-FUN-ACQ

SR-12070-FUN-ACQ

SR-12071-FUN-ACQ

SR-12080-FUN-ACQ

SR-12081-FUN-ACQ

SR-12100-FUN-ACQ

SR-12110-FUN-ACQ

SR-12111-FUN-ACQ

SR-12120-FUN-ACQ

SR-12130-FUN-ACQ

SR-12140-FUN-ACQ

SR-12150-FUN-ACQ

SR-12160-FUN-ACQ

SR-12220-FUN-ACQ

SR-12240-FUN-ACQ

SR-12250-FUN-ACQ

SR-12260-FUN-ACQ



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SR-12270-FUN-ACQ

SR-12280-FUN-ACQ

SR-12300-FUN-ACQ

SR-20020-FUN-PPR

SR-30010-FUN-PRG

SR-30020-FUN-PRG

SR-30030-FUN-PRG

SR-30040-FUN-PRG

SR-32010-FUN-PRG

SR-32020-FUN-PRG

SR-32030-FUN-PRG

SR-32040-FUN-PRG

SR-32011-FUN-PRG

SR-32021-FUN-PRG

SR-32031-FUN-PRG

SR-32041-FUN-PRG

SR-32060-FUN-PRG

SR-32061-FUN-PRG

SR-32062-FUN-PRG

SR-32070-FUN-PRG

SR-32080-FUN-PRG

SR-32090-FUN-PRG

SR-32230-FUN-PRG

SR-32240-FUN-PRG

SR-54070-FUN-DIS

SR-54080-FUN-DIS

SR-54091-FUN-DIS

SR-54150-FUN-DIS

SR-52170-FUN-DIS

Soil Moisture subsystem SR-00010-FUN-GEN

SR-00020-FUN-GEN

SR-00070-FUN-GEN

SR-10130-FUN-ACQ

SR-11010-FUN-ACQ

SR-11030-FUN-ACQ

SR-11040-FUN-ACQ

SR-20020-FUN-PPR

SR-30010-FUN-PRG



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SR-30020-FUN-PRG

SR-30030-FUN-PRG

SR-30040-FUN-PRG

SR-31010-FUN-PRG

SR-31020-FUN-PRG

SR-31030-FUN-PRG

SR-31040-FUN-PRG

SR-31060-FUN-PRG

SR-31061-FUN-PRG

SR-31070-FUN-PRG

SR-31080-FUN-PRG

SR-31090-FUN-PRG

SR-31100-FUN-PRG

SR-31150-FUN-PRG

SR-31270-FUN-PRG

SR-5407 0-FUN-DIS

SR-54080-FUN-DIS

SR-54091-FUN-DIS

SR-54150-FUN-DIS

SR-52170-FUN-DIS

Snow Parameters subsystem SR-00010-FUN-GEN

SR-00020-FUN-GEN

SR-00070-FUN-GEN

SR-10130-FUN-ACQ

SR-13010-FUN-ACQ

SR-13020-FUN-ACQ

SR-13030-FUN-ACQ

SR-13040-FUN-ACQ

SR-13050-FUN-ACQ

SR-13060-FUN-ACQ

SR-13070-FUN-ACQ

SR-13080-FUN-ACQ

SR-20020-FUN-PPR

SR-30010-FUN-PRG

SR-30020-FUN-PRG

SR-30030-FUN-PRG

SR-30040-FUN-PRG

SR-33051-FUN-PRG



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SR-33040-FUN-PRG

SR-33050-FUN-PRG

SR-33060-FUN-PRG

SR-33070-FUN-PRG

SR-33080-FUN-PRG

SR-33100-FUN-PRG

SR-33110-FUN-PRG

SR-33120-FUN-PRG

SR-33130-FUN-PRG

SR-33140-FUN-PRG

SR-33150-FUN-PRG

SR-33160-FUN-PRG

SR-33200-FUN-PRG

SR-33210-FUN-PRG

SR-33220-FUN-PRG

SR-33230-FUN-PRG

SR-33240-FUN-PRG

SR-33250-FUN-PRG

SR-33260-FUN-PRG

SR-33270-FUN-PRG

SR-33280-FUN-PRG

SR-33290-FUN-PRG

SR-33300-FUN-PRG

SR-33310-FUN-PRG

SR-54070-FUN-DIS

SR-54080-FUN-DIS

SR-54091-FUN-DIS

SR-54150-FUN-DIS

SR-52170-FUN-DIS

Hydro Validation subsystem SR-00021-FUN-GEN

SR-14010-FUN-ACQ

SR-14020-FUN-ACQ

SR-14030-FUN-ACQ

SR-14040-FUN-ACQ

SR-14050-FUN-ACQ

SR-34010-FUN-VPR

SR-34020-FUN-VPR

SR-34030-FUN-VPR



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SR-34040-FUN-VPR

SR-34050-FUN-VPR

SR-34060-FUN-VPR

SR-34110-FUN-REP

SR-34120-FUN-REP

SR-34130-FUN-REP

SR-34140-FUN-REP

SR-34150-FUN-REP

SR-34160-FUN-REP

SR-34170-FUN-REP

SR-34180-FUN-REP

Offline Monitoring Subsystem SR-44010-FUN-ARC

SR-44020-FUN-ARC

SR-44021-FUN-ARC

SR-44030-FUN-ARC

SR-44040-FUN-ARC

SR-44041-FUN-ARC

SR-44050-FUN-ARC

SR-44070-FUN-ARC

SR-44080-FUN-ARC

SR-44090-FUN-ARC

SR-54010-FUN-DIS

SR-54020-FUN-DIS

SR-54030-FUN-DIS

SR-54040-FUN-DIS

SR-54050-FUN-DIS

SR-54060-FUN-DIS

SR-54091-FUN-DIS

SR-54120-FUN-DIS

SR-54130-FUN-DIS

SR-54150-FUN-DIS

SR-54160-FUN-DIS

SR-52180-FUN-DIS

Table 15 Traceability vs. System Requirements



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- END OF THE DOCUMENT -