Hygiene

Hygiene: practices that promote health through personal cleanliness

Activities that foster hygiene:

1. Bathing; cleaning and maintaining fingernails and toenails

2. Performing oral care

Hygiene

Most hygiene practices are based on maintaining or restoring a healthy intguementary system.

Integumentary System Components1. Skin

2. Mucous membrane

3. Hair

4. Fingernails, toenails

5. Teeth

Integumentary System

Skin

1. Epidermis

2. Dermis

3. Subcutaneous layer

Line body passages such as the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems

Mucous membrane also lines the conjunctiva of the eye

a slimy substance that keeps the membranes soft and moist

Mucous Membrane

Made up of keratinForms from cells at the base of a single follicleHelps to prevent heat lossSebaceous glands in the hair follicles release sebum,

an oily secretion

Hair

Fingernails and toenails are made of keratin, which in concentrated amounts gives them their tough texture

Normal nails are thin, pink, and smoothFingernails and toenails provide some protection to

the digits

Nails

Present beneath the gums at birth

Contain the outer covering, enamel, a keratin structure

Exposed portion of each tooth: crown

Portion within the gum: root

Adults: 28 to 32 permanent teeth

Saliva: keeps the teeth clean and inhibits bacterial growth

Teeth

Sugar, plaque, and bacteria may eventually erode the tooth enamel, causing caries

Tartar leads to gingivitis while gum inflammation may cause periodontal disease

Common Dental Problems

Uses a cleansing agent such as soap and water to remove sweat, oil, dirt, and microorganisms from the skin

Advantages of bathing

1. Eliminates body odor.

2. reduces the potential for infection

3. Stimulates circulation.

4. provides a refreshed and relaxed feeling.

5. improves self-image

Hygiene practices Bathing

1. Tub bath or shower: There is no contraindication

2. Partial bathing: washing only those body areas subject to greatest soiling or that are sources of body odor.

3. For those who are independent persons

1. Bed bath( washing with a basin of water at the bedside)

2. Towel bath : The nurse uses a single large towel to cover and wash a client

3. Bag bath : disposable cloths in a plastic bag or container

Types of Bathing according to hygiene purposes

1. Sitz bath: Immersion of buttocks and perineum in a small basin of continuously circulating water (as in case of piles or episiotomy )

purposes:

1. Remove blood , serum, stool or urine

2. Reduce local swelling.

3. Relieves discomfort.

Types of Bathing according to function

2. Sponge bath: application of tipped water to the skin.

purposes:

1. Reduces a fever.

3. Medicated bath: soaking or immersing in a mixture of water and another substance, such as (sodium bicarbonate)

purposes:

1. Relieve itching or rashes

Types of Bathing according to function (cont’d)

4. Whirlpool bath: warm water that is continuously agitated within a tub or tank

purposes:

1. Improve circulation.

2. Increase joint mobility.

3. Remove dead tissue

4. Relieve discomfort.

Types of Bathing according to function (cont’d)

Removes unwanted body hair Accomplished with an electric or a safety razor

Use of safety razor is contraindicated for those clients:

1. Receiving anticoagulant .

2. Receiving thrombolytic agents.

3. Taking high doses of aspirin.

4. With blood disorders as hemophilia.

5. With liver disease who have impaired clotting.

6. With rashes or inflamed skin.

7. Who are suicidal.

For those we use an electric or battery–operated razor

Shaving

Brushing and flossing the teeth Dentures and bridges require special cleaning and

care Oral hygiene in unconscious clients whom need oral

care more frequently than conscious clients

Prevents aspiration of oral hygiene products and water

Oral Hygiene

Apply a conditioner to loosen tangles

Use oil on the hair if it is dry

Braid the hair to help prevent tangles

Brush the hair slowly to increase circulation of sebum

Use a wide-toothed comb, combing from end to crown

Use shampoo to clean hair

Hair Care

Keeping the fingernails and toenails clean and trimmed

Nail care should be provided with extreme caution for the following clients: Clients with diabetes Clients with impaired circulation Client with thick nails

Nail Care

Eyeglasses and hearing aids improve communication and socialization Eyeglasses Contact lenses Artificial eyes Hearing aids Infrared listening devices

Examples of Hearing Aids In the ear Behind the ear Remote controlled

Visual and Hearing Devices