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TRANSCRIPT
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Hygiene in the Home
Junior Cer0ficate Home Economics
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Why Hygiene is Important
• A clean hygienic home is necessary for good health
• Bacteria (germs) like warm, moist condi9ons to live
• Therefore they like bathrooms and kitchens • If these areas are not kept clean diseases and food poisoning may occur
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To ensure a hygienic home:
• A supply of clean water and a good drainage system
• Good ven0la0on to allow air to circulate • Good ligh0ng to show up dirt • Good hea0ng system to prevent dampness • Surfaces, especially in the bathroom & kitchen should be easy to clean
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To ensure a hygienic home:
• Rooms should be planned so they are easy to clean
• Household waste should be disposed of carefully
• Sinks, toilets and drains should be disinfected regularly
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Household Waste
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Household Waste
There are two types of household waste: • Organic: it is biodegradable (can breakdown naturally in the environment) Eg sewage and waste food
• Inorganic: it is not biodegradable. It can be recycled. Eg glass, plas9c, paper, metal
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Household Waste
• Local Authori0es are responsible for household waste management.
• They make sure sewage is disposed of hygienically
• They provide bin collec0on services, as well as private companies, to collect household rubbish
• The rubbish is taken to landfill sites • Some rubbish can be recycled
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Contents of Household Bin
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Reduce • Reduce the amount of rubbish by: -‐ dividing it up into what can be re-‐used, what can be recycled, what can go in the compost
-‐ finally what ever is leJ over goes to the landfill
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Re-‐use • Many things can be re-‐used for the same purpose, or for something else. For example sweet and biscuit boxes may be used to store things in.
• Can you think of any other items that can be re-‐used?
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Re-‐use • Ink cartridges can be refilled
• Chinese takeaway cartons – lunchboxes
• BaQeries can be recharged
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Recycle • Every home produces about a tonne of waste each year. About half of this could be recycled.
• Recycling reduces the use of raw materials, lowers costs and reduces the amount of waste going to rubbish dumps/landfill sites.
• It reduces liGer and pollu0on problems. • It also creates more jobs
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What can be recycled?
• Vegetables and garden waste can be added to the compost heap
• Glass, cans, 0ns, paper and plas0c can be recycled at local collec9on points
• Clothes can be recycled or used by chari9es • BaGeries can be safely disposed of
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Natural Resources
• Sunlight • Air • Water • Fossil Fuels (coal, gas, oil) • Trees (wood)
Many of these are not unlimited and will run out if we con9nue to waste them
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Pollu0on
Pollu9on is a major environmental problem due to the increased
popula9on of the world and greater use of consumer goods, packaging
and chemicals.
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Types of Pollu0on
Air
Water
Noise
Ozone
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Air Pollu0on
Causes Effects • Sulphur dioxide (from burning fossil fuels) • Smoke from industrial and domes9c burning of fuels • Carbon monoxide from car exhausts
• Respiratory problems such as bronchi9s and asthma • Mental retarda9on in children from high levels of lead • Acid rain (see next slide)
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Acid Rain
Acid Rain is the term used to describe polluted rainfall. The rain mixes with the carbon dioxide and sulphur in the air and forms a weak acid.
Acid rain affects the plant life and animal life of rivers and lakes
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Water Pollu0on Causes Effects • Natural pollu0on -‐ Dirt -‐ Dust -‐ Mud -‐ Sand -‐ Vegeta9on -‐ Bacteria
• Man-‐made pollu0on -‐ Farm waste -‐ Toxic waste from industry -‐ Illegal dumping
• Increases the amount of bacteria in the water • These use up the oxygen • This in turn kills fish and plant life • Gives off offensive smells
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Ozone Layer
• The ozone layer is a layer of gases in the atmosphere, located 10-‐50km above earth.
• It protects the earth by absorbing the harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun.
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Destroying the Ozone Layer
The ozone layer is destroyed by: • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) found in fridges and air condi9oning systems and aerosol sprays.
• Halons – chemicals similar to CFCs used in fire ex9nguishers
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Harmful UV Rays cause:
• Global warming • Increase in skin cancer • Increase in eye cataracts • Plas9c, paints and other materials deteriorate more quickly
• Damage to plant and animal life
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Protec0ng the Environment
• Use non-‐aerosol alterna9ves eg roll on deodorant
• Dispose of old fridges carefully • Choose products which do have packaging containing CFCs
• Encourage family and friends to use ozone friendly products
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Noise Pollu0on
Causes: • AircraJ, trains, lorries, buses, cars • TV, radio, CD players • Electrical appliances – food mixers, washing machine etc
• Discos, nightclubs etc • Industrial noise – factories, construc9on work
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The Consumer & the Environment
• As a consumer you can help to protect the environment through your shopping decisions
• More and more manufacturers are responding to pressure from the consumer to make products which are environmentally friendly
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What can the consumer do?
Shopping: • Avoid goods which have too much packaging • Choose biodegradable detergents and packaging
• Buy environmentally friendly products • Use re-‐usable shopping bags • Look out for the EU Eco label • Buy energy efficient electrical appliances
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EU Eco Label
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All large electrical appliances carry a sign like
this one.
The most energy efficient has an A grade, the least energy efficient has a G
grade
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What can the consumer do?
Energy Efficiency: • Insulate the house well • Switch off appliances when they are not in use • Avoid blocking radiators with furniture & clothes
• Use energy saving light bulbs • Turn down the thermostat as the weather gets warmer
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What can the consumer do? In the home: • Use smokeless fuels • Avoid disposable products • Put garden and vegetable waste in the compost
• Keep use of pes9cides and ar9ficial fer9lisers to a minimum
• Take care when disposing of unwanted chemicals
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What can the consumer do?
Water: • Insulate the hot water tank and pipes • Take showers instead of baths • Never use a washing machine for one or two things
• Never wash things under running water, put in the stopper
• Repair dripping taps
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What can the consumer do?
In your locality: • Use recycling facili9es • Don’t liQer • Organise or help with clean up projects • Report suspected pollu9on or illegal dumping
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What can the consumer do?
On the road: • Walk, cycle or use public transport instead of the car
• Use unleaded petrol • Send waste oil to be recycled
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Our Community
• A community is all the people who live in a locality.
• Each community has its own services and ameni0es.
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Community Services
Government (State) Run Voluntary Educa0on Health Social Welfare Public Libraries Post Office Local Authority Housing
Youth Clubs St Vincent de Paul Care of the Elderly Samaritans
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Ameni0es
• Each community has ameni0es
• These are pleasant or useful places to spend your 0me
• Examples: parks, sports fields, swimming pool, libraries