Overview

Implemented Activities

Results

1. The study showed an overall high prevalence of Salmonella contamination of

carcasses in the poor hygienic conditions of the small-scale ShP (40.6%). Serotyping

revealed the presence of S.enteritidis and S.typhimurium, which were potentially food

poisioning microorganism, and presumably contaminated from poultry flora due to

slaughtering performance.

2. Water source and waste appeared to be the most impotant factors correlating to the

Salmonella contamination. The Salmonella isolates exhibited antimicrobial resistance

to common antimicrobials at high frequency.

EcoZD

Ecosystem Approaches to the Better Management

of Zoonotic Emerging Infectious Diseases

in the Southeast Asia Region

Hygienic practices and microbial contamination of small-scale

poultry slaughterhouses at peri-urban areas of Hanoi, Vietnam

No District Number of

selected ShP

Distance to

City (km)

1 Thuong Tin 20 18

2 Dong Anh 8 15

3 Gia Lam 8 10

Total 36

Sample collection

Sample source Number of samples

/ShP/time

Total

samples

Carcass 10 360

Cloacal swab 10 360

Holding pen 1 36

Floor 1 36

Utensils 1 36

Waste water 1 36

Supply Water 1 36

Total 25 900

Prevalence of Salmonella contamination at poultry ShP

No Type of samples Spl N % Positive

1 Carcass Ind 360 40.6

2 Cloacal swab Ind 360 29.2

3 Holding pen Pool 36 30.6

4 Floor Pool 36 63.9

5 Utensils Pool 36 22.2

6 Waste water Cum 36 80.6

7 Supply Water Cum 36 2.9

The hygienic profile of study points

Hygiene

ranks

Incidence (%)

Individual

ShP (n=20)

Wet market

SH (n=16)

Good 0% 0%

Fair 10% 0%

Poor 90% 100%

Potential risk factors for Salmonella contamination in poultry carcass

Distribution of SH-contamination Salmonella Serovars

Salmonella isolates (N = 120: 80 from poultry carcass and 40 from cloacal swabs)

Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates

Recommendation

Objective

• To assess the prevalence of Salmonella contamination in small scale poultry slaughter houses

• To assess risk factors relative to hygiene conditions and practices at slaughter houses, leading to Salmonella

contamination in poultry carcasses

Pham Thi Ngoc1, Pham Thi Nga1, Dinh Xuan Tung2 , Jeffrey Gilbert3, Ma Lucila Lapar3, Fred Unger3, Nguyen Viet Hung4, Pham Duc Phuc4, and Nguyen Viet Khong1

1: National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam

2: National Institute of Animal Husbandry, Hanoi, Vietnam

3: International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam and Vientiane, Lao PDR

4: Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research, Hanoi School of Public Health, Vietnam

Data analysis: Salmonella spp. isolation: ISO 6579: 2002

Serotyping: Kauffmann White Scheme (antigenic table)

AntimicrobialTest: Kirby-Bauer technique (CLSI standards)

Conclusion

• In the rural area of Vietnam, poultry slaughterhouses (said poultry slaughter point, ShP) have developed

spontaneously and currently are common at small scale levels. The investment, equipment and facilities were

reported unique, with hygienic conditions variable. Poor hygiene conditions could be one cause for food

contamination, leading to a weak link in food chain production, and usually bearing high risk of food-borne zoonoses.

• In this study, we assesses the hygiene condition of ShP in rural areas of a province, using Salmonella as bacterial

indicator to identify the relevant different key factors and their impacts on food contamination, as well as the potential

risk of pathogen sources spreading through environmental interacting interfaces.

1. Improvement of hygienic conditions at small scale ShP should be made aware to

owners and performances, in which water supply and and waste treatment should be

key factors among multiple driving elements.

2. Futher analyses in identifying the link of socio-economic factors will identify the socio-

economic pathways of food contamination, providing basis for future improvement of

ShP hygiene condition in small scale ShP in Vietnam to reduce the risk of food safety

issues and potential transmission of zoonoses. This poster is briefly revealed relevant information in progress of ILRI supported project, Correspondent: Assistant Prof. Dr. Vk

Nguyen, project Coordinator. Email Nguyenvietkhong@yahoo.com

(N=36, the ranks were evaluated based on the Circular No 61/2010/TT-

BNNPTNT- on Veterinary Hygienic Conditions for poultry SH)

Slaughtering Gathering

Bacteria isolation

Sampling

Biochemical Tests Serotyping Antimicrobial Tests

Study site: Three peri-urban districts in Ha Noi

Agona

5% Albany 36%

Derby 12%

Enteritidis

6% Hadar 5%

Schwarzengrun 14%

Shalkwijk 6%

Typhimurium 11%

Untypable

5%

Carcass (Sal.contamination) Odds Ratio 95% CI P-value

Cloacal swab (Sal.contamination) 0.64 0.39 - 1.06 0.081

Water source (Sal.contamination) 6.84 1.59 - 29.5 0.01

Waste water (Sal.contamination) 1.25 0.72 - 2.17 0.423

Water source used (tap vs. Other) 0.80 0.47 - 1.36 0.407

ShP vs. Wet market SH 0.74 0.48 - 1.14 0.167

ShP investment loan (Yes vs. No) 1.63 0.60 - 4.42 0.334

Salmonella isolates

(N = 90: 60 from

carcass and 30 from

cloacal swabs)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100% Sensitive

Intermediate

Resistant