hyperthyroid.pptx
TRANSCRIPT
By :
Dr .Safia A. Alrezami
What mean thyroid ?
Is one of the largest endocrine glands ,located in the lower part of the neck, below the Adam's apple.
Types of hormone secreted :
The most important thyroid hormones are 1.Thyroxine (T4) .2. Triiodothyronine (T3). 3. calcitonin .Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which is produced by the pituitary gland, acts to stimulate hormone production by the thyroid gland ( uses iodine form food in production process).
Function of gland :
Essential for the function of every cell in the body. They help regulate growth and the rate of chemical
reactions (metabolism) in the body(the rate at which food is converted into energy).
help children grow and develop . help regulate the heart rate, blood pressure, body
temperature. calcitonin, is involved in calcium metabolism and
stimulating bone cells to add calcium to bone.
Disease of gland :
1.Hyperthyroidism (over -
activity)
2.Hypothyroidism (low-
activity) .
Hyperthyroidism
Increase produce Of T3\T4 above normal.
Cause
. 1.Graves' disease (an autoimmune disorder) is the most common. occurs more often in women and tends to run in families. In Graves' disease, antibodies stimulate the thyroid to secrete too much hormone.
Cause
2.excess iodine (iodine is needed to make T4 and T3).
3.inflammation of the thyroid gland (thyroiditis causes T4 and T3 to leak out of the gland)
Cause
4.Tumors of the ovaries or testes.
5.Taking large amounts of T3 (through dietary supplements or medication).
6.Benign tumors of the thyroid or pituitary gland
Symptom
2. Weight loss &Tremor
3.Nervousness, anxiety and irritability
Symptom
4. An enlarged thyroid gland (goiter), which may appear as a swelling at the base of your neck.
5. Fatigue, muscle weakness &Difficulty sleeping
Diagnosis
1. Medical history and physical exam. During the exam your doctor may try to detect a slight tremor in your fingers when they're extended and other symptom.
Diagnosis
2. Blood tests. A diagnosis can be confirmed with blood tests that measure the levels of thyroxin and TSH in your blood. High levels of thyroxin and low or nonexistent amounts of TSH indicate an overactive thyroid.
Diagnosis
3. Radioactive iodine uptake test.For this test, you take a small, oral dose of
radioactive iodine (radioiodine). Over time, the iodine collects in your thyroid gland because your thyroid uses iodine to manufacture hormones. You'll be checked after two, six or 24 hours — and sometimes after all three time periods — to determine how much iodine your thyroid gland has absorbed.
Diagnosis
4. Thyroid scan. During this test, you'll have a radioactive isotope injected into the vein on the inside of your elbow or sometimes into a vein in your hand. You then lie on a table with your head stretched backward while a special camera produces an image of your thyroid on a computer screen.
Treatment
1. Anti-thyroid Drugs
The goal with this form of drug therapy is to
prevent the thyroid from producing hormones.
Treatment
1. Anti-thyroid Drugsa. methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU).
M.O.A
interfere with the thyroid gland's ability to make its
hormones.
Treatment
1. Anti-thyroid Drugspatients treated with these medications
can develop liver inflammation or a deficiency of white blood cells therefore, patients taking anti thyroid drugs should be aware that they must stop their medication and call their doctor promptly if they develop yellowing of the skin, a high fever, or severe sore throat.
Treatment
2. Radioactive Iodine TreatmentBy giving a radioactive form of iodine, the
thyroid cells which absorb it will be damaged or killed. Because iodine is not absorbed by any other cells in the body, there is very little radiation exposure (or side effects) for the rest of the body. Radioiodine can be taken by mouth without the need to be hospitalized. This form of therapy often takes one to two months before the thyroid has been killed, but the radioactivity medicine is completely gone from the body within a few days.
Treatment
2. Radioactive Iodine TreatmentBy giving a radioactive form of iodine, the
thyroid cells which absorb it will be damaged or killed. Because iodine is not absorbed by any other cells in the body, there is very little radiation exposure (or side effects) for the rest of the body. Radioiodine can be taken by mouth without the need to be hospitalized. This form of therapy often takes one to two months before the thyroid has been killed, but the radioactivity medicine is completely gone from the body within a few days.
Treatment
3. Surgical Removal of the Gland or NoduleThe biggest reason for this is that the most common forms of hyperthyroidism are a result of overproduction from the entire gland (Graves' disease)
THANK YOU ,,,,