Hypnerotomachia PoliphiliFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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The Strife of Love in a Dream  

Poliphilo kneels before Queen Eleuterylida

Author Francesco Colonna

Original title 'Hypnerotomachia Poliphili,

ubi

humana omnia non nisi so-

mnium esse ostendit, at-

que obiter plurima

scitu sanequam

digna com-

memo-

rat'

Translator Joscelyn Godwin

Illustrator Benedetto Bordon (?)

Country Italy

Language Italian / Latin

Genre(s) Romance, allegorical fantasy

Publisher Aldus Manutius

Publication date 1499

Published in

English

1999

Media type Print (hardcover)

Hypnerotomachia Poliphili (in English Poliphilo's Strife of Love in a Dream, from Greek hypnos, ‘sleep’, eros, ‘love’, and mache, ‘fight’) is a romance by Francesco Colonna and a famous example of early printing. First published in Venice, 1499, in an elegant page layout, with refined woodcut illustrations in an Early Renaissance style, Hypnerotomachia Poliphili presents a mysterious arcane allegory in which Poliphilo pursues his love Polia through a dreamlike landscape, and is at last reconciled with her by the Fountain of Venus.

Contents

[hide]

1 History 2 Plot summary 3 Characters in Hypnerotomachia Poliphili 4 Gallery 5 Allusions/references from other works 6 Allusions/references to actual history, geography and current science 7 References 8 External links

[edit] History

The book was printed by Aldus Manutius in Venice in December 1499. The book is anonymous, but an acrostic formed by the first, elaborately decorated letter in each chapter in the original Italian reads POLIAM FRATER FRANCISCVS COLVMNA PERAMAVIT, "Brother Francesco Colonna dearly loved Polia." However, the book has also been attributed to Leon Battista Alberti by several scholars, and earlier, to Lorenzo de Medici. The latest contribution in this respect was the attribution to Aldus Manutius, and arguably, a Francesco Colonna, a wealthy Roman Governor. The author of the illustrations is even less certain, but contemporary opinion gives the work to Benedetto Bordon.

The subject matter lies within the tradition of the genre of Romance within the conventions of courtly love, which still provided engaging thematic matter for Quattrocento aristocrats.

The text of the book is written in a bizarre Latinate Italian, full of words coined based on Latin and Greek roots without explanation. The book, however, also includes words from the Italian language, as well as illustrations including Arabic and Hebrew words; Colonna also invented new languages when the ones available to him were inaccurate. (It also contains some uses of Egyptian hieroglyphs, but they are not authentic.) Its story, which is set in 1467, consists of precious and elaborate descriptions of scenes involving the title character, Poliphilo ("Lover of Many Things", from Greek Polú "Many" + Philos "Beloved"), as he wanders a sort of bucolic-classical dreamland in search of his love Polia ("Many Things"). The author's style is elaborately descriptive and unsparing in its use of superlatives.

The book has long been sought after as one of the most beautiful incunabula ever printed. The typography is famous for its quality and clarity, in a roman typeface cut by Francesco Griffo, which Aldus had first used in February 1495 for De Aetna of Pietro Bembo, for which reason the typeface was named Bembo when it was revived in 1929 by Stanley Morison.

The book is illustrated with 168 exquisite woodcuts showing the scenery, architectural settings, and some of the characters Poliphilo encounters in his dreams. The illustrations are perhaps the best part of the book; delicate and evocative, they depict scenes from Poliphilo's adventures, or the architectural features over which the text rhapsodizes, in a simultaneously stark and ornate line art style which perfectly integrates with the type. These images are also interesting because they shed light on what people in the Renaissance fancied about the alleged æsthetic qualities of Greek and Roman antiquities.

The psychologist Carl Jung admired the book, believing the dream images presaged his theory of archetypes. The style of the woodcut illustrations had a great influence on late-19th century English illustrators, such as Aubrey Beardsley, Walter Crane and Robert Anning Bell.

Hypnerotomachia Poliphili was partially translated into English in a London edition of 1592 by "R. D.", believed to be Robert Dallington, who gave it the title by which it is best known in English, The Strife of Love in a Dream. A facsimile of this edition can be seen online at the Internet Archive.

The first complete English version was published by Thames & Hudson in 1999, five hundred years after the original. Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, the Strife of Love in a Dream was translated

by musicologist Joscelyn Godwin and typeset in Monotype Corporation's typeface "Poliphilus", a re-creation of Griffo's original. A smaller format paperback edition was published in February 2005. However, probably due to the difficulty of the original, the translation is recreated in standard, modern language, rather than following the original's pattern of coining and borrowing words.

Eight of the monuments described in the Hypnerotomachia were reconstructed by computer graphics and published by Esteban A. Cruz in 2006.[citation needed]

[edit] Plot summary

Poliphilo from a page of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili

The book begins with Poliphilo, who has spent a restless night because his beloved, Polia (literally "Many Things"), shunned him. Poliphilo is transported into a wild forest, where he gets lost, encounters dragons, wolves and maidens and a large variety of architecture, escapes, and falls asleep once more. He then awakens in a second dream, dreamed within the first. In the dream, he is taken by some nymphs to meet their queen, and there he is asked to declare his love for Polia, which he does. He is then directed by two nymphs to three gates. He chooses the third, and there he discovers his beloved. They are taken by some more nymphs to a temple to be engaged. Along the way they come across five triumphal processions celebrating the union of the lovers. Then they are taken to the island of Cythera by barge, with Cupid as the boatswain; there they see another triumphal procession celebrating their union. The narrative is uninterrupted, and a second voice takes over, as Polia describes his erotomachia from her own point of view.

Polia kisses Poliphilo back to life

Poliphilo resumes his narrative after one-fifth of the book. Polia rejects Poliphilo, but Cupid appears to her in a vision and compels her to return and kiss Poliphilo, who has fallen into a deathlike swoon at her feet, back to life. Venus blesses their love, and the lovers are united at last. As Poliphilo is about to take Polia into his arms, Polia vanishes into thin air and Poliphilo wakes up.

[edit] Characters in Hypnerotomachia Poliphili

Poliphilus Polia

[edit] Gallery

[edit] Allusions/references from other works

The book is briefly mentioned in The Histories of Gargantua and Pantagruel (1532-34) by François Rabelais:  :"Far otherwise did heretofore the sages of Egypt, when they wrote by letters, which they called hieroglyphics, which none understood who were not skilled in the virtue, property, and nature of the things represented by them. Of which Orus Apollon hath in Greek composed two books, and Polyphilus, in his Dream of Love, set down more.." (Book. 1, Ch. 9.)

Polyphilo : or The Dark Forest Revisited - An Erotic Epiphany of Architecture (1992) is a modern re-writing of Polyphilo's tale by Alberto Pérez-Gómez. The non-fictional preface to this book by this eminent architectural historian is an excellent introduction to the Hypnerotomachia.

Gypnerotomahiya (Гипнэротомахия, 1992) is an 8-minute Russian animation directed by Andrey Svislotskiy of Pilot Animation Studio made based on the novel by the same title. [1]

The 1993 novel The Club Dumas by Arturo Pérez-Reverte mentions the 1545 edition of the Hypnerotomachia (Ch. 3). The book is again mentioned in Polanski's 1999 film, The Ninth Gate, based loosely on Pérez-Reverte's novel (this time, by its Italian title, "La Hypnerotomachia di Poliphilo").

The title and many themes of John Crowley's 1994 novel Love & Sleep (part of his Ægypt series) were derived from the Hypnerotomachia.

In the 2004 novel The Rule of Four by Ian Caldwell and Dustin Thomason, two students try to decode the mysteries of Hypnerotomachia Poliphili.[1]

Umberto Eco 's 2004 novel The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana features a protagonist whose doctoral thesis was written on the Hypnerotomachia.

[edit] Allusions/references to actual history, geography and current science

This section requires expansion.

The text makes frequent references to classical geography and mythology, mostly by way of comparison.

[edit] References

1. ̂ Joscelyn Godwin (2004), The Real Rule of Four: The Unauthorized Guide to The New York Times Bestseller. ISBN 1-932857-08-7.

Thames & Hudson (1999). Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, the Strife of Love in a Dream. ISBN 0-500-01942-8, a modern English translation.

Blunt, Anthony , "The Hypnerotomachia Poliphili in Seventeenth Century France", Journal of Warburg and Courtauld, October 1937

Fiertz-David, Linda. The Dream of Poliphilo: The Soul in Love, Spring Publications, Dallas, 1987 (Bollingen Lectures).

Gombrich, E.H. , Symbolic Images, Phaidon, Oxford, 1975, "Hypnertomachiana". Lefaivre, Liane. Leon Battista Alberti's Hypnerotomachia Poliphili : Re-cognizing the

architectural body in the early Italian Renaissance. Cambridge, Mass. [u.a.]: MIT Press 1997. ISBN 0-262-12204-9.

Pérez-Gómez, Alberto. Polyphilo or The Dark Forest Revisited: An Erotic Epiphany of Architecture. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press 1992. ISBN 0-262-16129-X, Introduction by Alberto Pérez-Gómez.

Schmeiser, Leonhard. Das Werk des Druckers. Untersuchungen zum Buch Hypnerotomachia Poliphili. Maria Enzersdorf: Edition Roesner 2003. ISBN 3-902300-10-8, Austrian philosopher argues for Aldus Manutius' authorship.

Tufte, Edward. Chapter in Beautiful Evidence Cruz, Esteban Alejandro, Hypnerotomachia Poliphili: Re-discovering Antiquity Through the

Dreams of Poliphilus Victoria: Trafford Publishing, 2006. ISBN 1-4120-5324-2. Artist reconstructions of the architecture and landscapes described by Poliphilus during his amorous quest through Antiquity.

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Hypnerotomachia Poliphili     0.06 sec.

The Strife of Love in a Dream

Poliphilo kneels before Queen Eleuterylida

Author Francesco Colonna

Original title

Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, ubihumana omnia non nisi so-mnium esse ostendit, at-que obiter plurimascitu sanequamdigna com-memo-rat

Translator Joscelyn Godwin

Illustrator Benedetto Bordon (?)

Country Italy

Language Italian

Genre(s) Romance, allegorical fantasy

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Hypnerotomachia Poliphili 16

Search

Publisher Aldus Manutius

Publication date 1499

Published in English 1999

Media type Print (hardcover)

Hypnerotomachia Poliphili (in Greek Υπνερωτομαχία Πολύφιλου, in English Poliphilo's Strife of Love in a Dream), first published in Venice, 1499, is a famous example of early printing, the most famous illustrated book among incunabula. Presented in elegantly-designed page layout (compare the Gutenberg canon), with refined woodcut illustrations in an Early Renaissance style, Hypnerotomachia Poliphili presents a mysterious arcane allegory in which Poliphilo pursues an erotic fantasy through a dreamlike landscape, and is at last reconciled with his love by the Fountain of Venus.

History

The book was printed by Aldus Manutius in Venice in December 1499. The book is anonymous, but an acrostic formed by the first, elaborately decorated letter in each chapter in the original Italian reads POLIAM FRATER FRANCISCVS COLVMNA PERAMAVIT, "Brother Francesco Colonna dearly loved Polia." However, the book has also been attributed to Leon Battista Alberti by several scholars, and earlier, to Lorenzo de Medici. The latest contribution in this respect was the attribution to Aldus Manutius, and arguably, a Francesco Colonna, a wealthy Roman Governor. The author of the illustrations is even less certain, but contemporary opinion gives the work to Benedetto Bordon.

The subject matter lies within the tradition of the genre of Romance within the conventions of courtly love, which still provided engaging thematic matter for Quattrocento aristocrats.

The text of the book is written in a bizarre Latinate Italian, full of words coined based on Latin and Greek roots without explanation. The book, however, also includes words from the Italian language, as well as illustrations including Arabic and Hebrew words; Colonna also invented new languages when the ones available to him were inaccurate. (It also contains some uses of Egyptian hieroglyphs, but they are not authentic.) Its story, which is set in 1467, consists of precious and elaborate descriptions of scenes involving the title character, Poliphilo ("Lover of Many Things", from Greek Polú "Many" + Philos "Beloved"), as he wanders a sort of bucolic-classical dreamland in search of his love Polia ("Many Things"). The author's style is elaborately descriptive and unsparing in its use of superlatives.

The book has long been sought after as one of the most beautiful incunabula ever printed. The typography is famous for its quality and clarity, in a roman typeface cut by Francesco Griffo, which Aldus had first used in February 1495 for De Aetna of Pietro Bembo, for which reason the typeface was named Bembo when it was revived in 1929 by Stanley Morison.

The book is illustrated with 168 exquisite woodcuts showing the scenery, architectural settings, and some of the characters Poliphilo encounters in his dreams. The illustrations are perhaps the best part of the book; delicate and evocative, they depict scenes from Poliphilo's adventures, or the architectural features over which the text rhapsodizes, in a simultaneously stark and ornate line art style which perfectly integrates with the type. These images are also interesting because they shed light on what people in the Renaissance fancied about the alleged æsthetic qualities of Greek and Roman antiquities.

The psychologist Carl Jung admired the book, believing the dream images presaged his theory of archetypes. The style of the woodcut illustrations had a great influence on late-19th century English illustrators, such as Aubrey Beardsley, Walter Crane and Anning Bell.

Hypnerotomachia Poliphili was partially translated into English in a London edition of 1592 by "R. D.", believed to be Robert Dallington, who gave it the title by which it is best known in English, The Strife of Love in a Dream. A facsimile of this edition can be seen online at the Internet Archive.

The first complete English version was published by Thames & Hudson in 1999, five hundred years after the original. Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, the Strife of Love in a Dream was translated by musicologist Joscelyn Godwin and typeset in Monotype Corporation's typeface "Poliphilus", a re-creation of Griffo's original. A smaller format paperback edition was published in February 2005. However, probably due to the difficulty of the original, the translation is recreated in standard, modern language, rather than following the original's pattern of coining and borrowing words.

For the first time, eight different monuments described in the Hypnerotomachia have been brought to life through architectural reconstructions, by using computer generated mediums. After 10 years of research and development, this resource of more than 50 original artist reconstructions was finally published in December 2006. The author, Esteban A. Cruz, presents this work with the objective of illustrating the aesthetic and antiquarian qualities of

Poliphilus' visions. This was accomplished by using graphical and architectural forms of critical analysis, and by overcoming the challenges of correctly interpreting the encyclopaedic amount of archeological and philological references.

Plot summary

Poliphilo from a page of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili

The book begins with Poliphilo, who has spent a restless night because his beloved, Polia (literally "Many Things"), shunned him. Poliphilo is transported into a wild forest, where he gets lost, encounters dragons, wolves and maidens and a large variety of architecture, escapes, and falls asleep once more. He then awakens in a second dream, dreamed within the first. In the dream, he is taken by some nymphs to meet their queen, and there he is asked to declare his love for Polia, which he does. He is then directed by two nymphs to three gates. He chooses the third, and there he discovers his beloved. They are taken by some more nymphs to a temple to be engaged. Along the way they come across five triumphal processions celebrating the union of the lovers. Then they are taken to the island of Cythera by barge, with Cupid as the boatswain; there they see another triumphal procession celebrating their union. The narrative is uninterrupted, and a second voice takes over, as Polia describes his erotomachia from her own point of view.

Polia kisses Poliphilo back to life

Poliphilo resumes his narrative after one-fifth of the book. Polia rejects Poliphilo, but Cupid appears to her in a vision and compels her to return and kiss Poliphilo, who has fallen into a deathlike swoon at her feet, back to life. Venus blesses their love, and the lovers are united at last. As Poliphilo is about to take Polia into his

arms, Polia vanishes into thin air and Poliphilo wakes up.

Characters in Hypnerotomachia Poliphili

Poliphilus Polia

Gallery

Allusions/references from other works

Re-discovering Antiquity Through the Dreams of Poliphilus

Hypnerotomachia Poliphili: Re-Discovering Antiquity Through The Dreams Of Poliphilus by Esteban Alejandro Cruz features more than 50 original colour reconstructions of the architecture and topiary gardens of eight monuments described in the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili: A Great Pyramid, A Great Hippodromus, An Elephant bearing an Obelisk, A Monument to the Un-Happy Horse, the Grand Arch, The Palace and Gardens of Queen Eleutirillide (Liberty), The Temple to Venus Physizoa, and the Polyandrion (Cemetery of Lost Loves).

Gargantua and Pantagruel

It is also briefly mentioned in The Histories of Gargantua and Pantagruel (1532-34) by François Rabelais:

"Far otherwise did heretofore the sages of Egypt, when they

wrote by letters, which they called hieroglyphics, which none understood who were not skilled in the virtue, property, and nature of the things represented by them. Of which Orus Apollon hath in Greek composed two books, and Polyphilus, in his Dream of Love, set down more.."::–Book. 1, Ch. 9.

Polyphilo : or The Dark Forest Revisited - An Erotic Epiphany of Architecture

Polyphilo : or The Dark Forest Revisited - An Erotic Epiphany of Architecture is a modern re-writing of Polyphilo's tale by Alberto Pérez-Gómez. The non-fictional preface to this book by this eminent architectural historian is an excellent introduction to the Hypnerotomachia.

The Club Dumas

The 1545 edition of the Hypnerotomachia is mentioned in the third chapter of the novel The Club Dumas by Arturo Pérez-Reverte.

Love and Sleep

The title and many themes of John Crowley's 1994 novel, Love and Sleep, were derived from the Hypnerotomachia. Significantly, Love and Sleep was written prior to the renewed popularity of the Hypnerotomachia resulting from the 500th anniversary of its publication.

The Rule of Four

In 2004, Ian Caldwell and Dustin Thomason wrote a novel entitled The Rule of Four about two Princeton University students who try to decode the mysteries of Hypnerotomachia Poliphili. In the novel, an alternative theory of authorship is advanced, in which the author is a patrician Roman by the name of Francesco Colonna, rather than the Venetian monk. As a companion and commentary to the novel Joscelyn Godwin wrote The Real Rule of Four: The Unauthorized Guide to The New York Times Bestseller (2004, ISBN 1-932857-08-7) in which he investigates the history of Hypnerotomachia Poliphili and its use in the novel.

The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana

Umberto Eco's 2004 novel The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana features an amnesiac protagonist, a bibliophile and dealer in rare books nicknamed Yambo, whose doctoral thesis was written on the Hypnerotomachia.

Allusions/references to actual history, geography and current science

The text makes frequent references to classical geography and mythology, mostly by way of comparison.

References

Thames & Hudson (1999). Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, the Strife of Love in a Dream. ISBN 0-500-01942-8, a modern English translation.

Cruz, Esteban Alejandro, Hypnerotomachia Poliphili: Re-discovering Antiquity Through the Dreams of Poliphilus Victoria: Trafford Publishing, 2006. ISBN 1-4120-5324-2. Artist reconstructions of the architecture and landscapes described by Poliphilus during his amorous quest through Antiquity.

Blunt, Anthony , "The Hypnerotomachia Poliphili in Seventeenth Century France", Journal of Warburg and Courtauld, October 1937

Fiertz-David, Linda. The Dream of Poliphilo: The Soul in Love, Spring Publications, Dallas, 1987 (Bollingen Lectures).

Gombrich, E.H. , Symbolic Images, Phaidon, Oxford, 1975, "Hypnertomachiana".

Lefaivre, Liane. Leon Battista Alberti's Hypnerotomachia Poliphili : Re-cognizing the architectural body in the early Italian Renaissance. Cambridge, Mass. [u.a.]: MIT Press 1997. ISBN 0-262-12204-9.

Pérez-Gómez, Alberto. Polyphilo or The Dark Forest Revisited: An Erotic Epiphany of Architecture. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press 1992. ISBN 0-262-16129-X, Introduction by Alberto Pérez-Gómez.

Schmeiser, Leonhard. Das Werk des Druckers. Untersuchungen zum Buch Hypnerotomachia Poliphili. Maria Enzersdorf: Edition Roesner 2003. ISBN 3-902300-10-8, Austrian philosopher argues for Aldus Manutius' authorship.

Tufte, Edward. Chapter in [https://www.edwardtufte.com/tufte/books_be Beautiful Evidence]

External links

The original 1499 edition:

*The Electronic Hypnerotomachia: facsimile and discussion, from the MIT Press*rarebookroom.org: high-resolution scan of a copy in the Library of Congress*high-resolution scan of a copy of the Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel

*In PDF, TXT (ZIP), and RTF (ZIP) formats from Liber Liber*Facsimile of thirteen pages, with a five-minute reading from Godwin's 1999 translation (from the State Library of Victoria)

The 1592 English edition:

*Hypnerotomachia, from Project Gutenberg*The Strife of Love in a Dreame In PDF or DJVU, and beta flip-book formats

Background and interpretation:

*Book of the Month article from the Glasgow University Library's Special Collections Department

Architectural re-constructions:

*More than 50 original colour reconstructions of the architecture and topiary gardens of eight monuments described in the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili .

Francesco Colonna (1433(?) – 1527), was an Italian Dominican priest and monk who was credited with the authorship of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili by an acrostic in the text.

Little is known of Colonna. He lived in Venice, and preached at St. Mark's Cathedral...... Click the link for more information. Joscelyn Godwin (born 16 January 1945 at Kelmscott, Oxfordshire, England) is a musicologist and translator, known for his work on ancient music, paganism and music in the occult...... Click the link for more information. In political geography and international politics, a country is a political division of a geographical entity, a sovereign territory, most commonly associated with the notions of state or nation and government...... Click the link for more information. See Language (journal) for the linguistics journal.

A language is a system of symbols and the rules used to manipulate them. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon...... Click the link for more information. Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of literature or information – the activity of making information available for public view. In some cases, authors may be their own publishers...... Click the link for more information. Aldus Manutius (1449/1450 – February 6, 1515), the Latin form of Aldo Manuzio (born Teobaldo Mannucci; sometimes called Aldus

Manutius, the Elder to distinguish him from his grandson) was an Italian printer, founder of the Aldine Press...... Click the link for more information. A hardcover (or hardback or hardbound) is a book bound with rigid protective covers (typically of cardboard covered with cloth, heavy paper, or sometimes leather)...... Click the link for more information. Greek}}} Writing system: Greek alphabet Official statusOfficial language of:  Greece Cyprus European Unionrecognised as minority language in parts of: European Union Italy TurkeyRegulated by: ..... Click the link for more information. English}}} Writing system: Latin (English variant) Official statusOfficial language of: 53 countriesRegulated by: no official regulationLanguage codesISO 639-1: enISO 639-2: engISO 639-3: eng  

..... Click the link for more information. The Strife of Love in a Dream

Poliphilo kneels before Queen EleuterylidaAuthor Francesco ColonnaOriginal title Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, ubihumana omnia non nisi so-mnium esse ostendit, at-que obiter plurimascitu sanequamdigna com-..... Click the link for more information. Country ItalyRegion VenetoProvince Venice (VE)Mayor Massimo Cacciari (since April 18 2005)

Area kmPopulation - Total (as of January 1 2004)

 - Density /kmTime zone..... Click the link for more information. incunabulum is a book, single sheet, or image that was printed — not handwritten — before the year 1501 in Europe. These are very rare and valuable items. The origin of the word is the Latin incunabula..... Click the link for more information. canons of page construction have been described by them to represent the ways in which these books may have been designed.

The notion of canons, or laws of form, of book page construction was popularized by Jan Tschichold in the mid to late twentieth century, based on the..... Click the link for more information. Woodcut is a relief printing artistic technique in printmaking in which an image is carved into the surface of a block of wood, with the printing parts remaining level with the surface while the non-printing parts are removed, typically with gouges...... Click the link for more information. Renaissance (French for "rebirth"; Italian: Rinascimento; Spanish: Renacimiento), was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th through the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe...... Click the link for more information. An allegory (from Greek αλλος, , "other", and αγορευειν, agoreuein, "to speak in public") is a figurative mode of representation conveying a meaning other than the literal...... Click the link for more information. Aldus Manutius (1449/1450 – February 6, 1515), the Latin form of Aldo Manuzio (born Teobaldo Mannucci; sometimes called Aldus Manutius, the Elder to distinguish him from his grandson) was an Italian printer, founder of the Aldine Press...... Click the link for more information. Country ItalyRegion VenetoProvince Venice (VE)Mayor Massimo Cacciari (since April 18 2005)

Area kmPopulation - Total (as of January 1 2004) - Density /kmTime zone..... Click the link for more information. 14th century - 15th century - 16th century1460s  1470s  1480s  - 1490s -  1500s  1510s  1520s1496 1497 1498 - 1499 - 1500 1501 1502

:Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -..... Click the link for more information. Anonymity is derived from the Greek word ανωνυμία, meaning "without a name" or "namelessness". In colloquial use, the term typically refers to a person, and often means that the personal identity, or personally identifiable information..... Click the link for more information.

For another meaning, see Acrostic (puzzle).An acrostic (from the late Greek akróstichon, from ákros, "top", and stíchos..... Click the link for more information. Francesco Colonna (1433(?) – 1527), was an Italian Dominican priest and monk who was credited with the authorship of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili by an acrostic in the text.

Little is known of Colonna. He lived in Venice, and preached at St. Mark's Cathedral...... Click the link for more information. Leon Battista Alberti (February 14, 1404 – April 25, 1472) was an Italian author, artist, architect, poet, linguist, philosopher, and cryptographer, and general Renaissance humanist polymath. In Italy, his first name is usually spelled "Leon"...... Click the link for more information. Lorenzo de' Medici (January 1, 1449 – 9 April, 1492) was an Italian statesman and ruler of the Florentine Republic during the Italian Renaissance. Known as Lorenzo the Magnificent (Lorenzo il Magnifico..... Click the link for more information. Aldus Manutius (1449/1450 – February 6, 1515), the Latin form of Aldo Manuzio (born Teobaldo Mannucci; sometimes called Aldus Manutius, the Elder to distinguish him from his grandson) was an Italian printer, founder of the Aldine Press...... Click the link for more information. romance or chivalric romance refers to a style of heroic prose and verse narrative current in Europe from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance.

Characteristics of the romance

..... Click the link for more information. Courtly love was a medieval European notion of ennobling love which found its genesis in the ducal and princely courts in regions of present-day southern France at the end of the 11th century...... Click the link for more information. Latin}}} Official status

Official language of: Vatican CityUsed for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speechRegulated by: Opus Fundatum LatinitasRoman Catholic ChurchLanguage codesISO 639-1: laISO 639-2: lat..... Click the link for more information. Italian}}} Official statusOfficial language of:  European Union European Union Switzerland San MarinoVatican CitySovereign Military Order of Malta

..... Click the link for more information. Greek}}} Writing system: Greek alphabet Official statusOfficial language of:  Greece Cyprus European Unionrecognised as minority language in parts of: European Union Italy TurkeyRegulated by: ..... Click the link for more information.

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ÆgyptAvery Architectural and Fine Arts LibraryBemboBéroalde de VervilleColonna familyDecipherment of hieroglyphic writingEgyptian influence in architecture and visual artsEustache Le SueurFrancesco ColonnaIncunabulum

Joscelyn GodwinLeone Battista AlbertiList of anonymously published worksMacaronic languageMedieval literatureSacred and Profane LoveSanta Maria sopra MinervaSleeping Venus (Giorgione)The Rule of Four

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In a story reminiscent of The Da Vinci Code, four Princeton classmates become entangled in the quest to find the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, an actual text that perhaps holds hidden codes to Roman buried treasure. Puzzling plots by KliattFor the interpretation in terms of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili (recently revived by Anderson, 165-72) see Stefanini, 1955. Giorgione's Tempest, studiolo culture, and the Renaissance Lucretius * by Campbell, Stephen J. / Renaissance QuarterlyPublished in 1499 by the renowned Venetian printer Aldus Manutius, the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili quickly cast a spell over humanists and architects. HYPNEROTOMACHIA POLIPHILI: the strife of love in a dream by HART, VAUGHAN / The Architectural Review

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