i archaeologica.l assessment - university of...

I I I ARCHAEOLOGICA.L ASSESSMENT

I I I I I I -

I I I I I I I I I I I I

2 CARDIGAN LANE

Prepared by Wendy Thorp on behalf of Whitehall .. Property Consultants

I I I ARCHAEOLOGICA.L ASSESSMENT

I I I I I I -

I I I I I I I I I I I I

2 CARDIGAN LANE

Prepared by Wendy Thorp on behalf of Whitehall .. Property Consultants

I I

I I ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

I I 'I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

2 CARDIGAN LANE

, \>

CAMPERDOWN

June 1997

filE CGPY

Prepared by Wendy Thorp on behalf of Whitehall Property Consultants

I I

I I ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

I I 'I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

2 CARDIGAN LANE

, \>

CAMPERDOWN

June 1997

filE CGPY

Prepared by Wendy Thorp on behalf of Whitehall Property Consultants

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Archaeological Assessment 2 Cardigan Lane Camperdown

CONTENTS OF THE REPORT

1.0 Executive Summary .... 1 ~ ; .. r ~ I '. I " 1';'.,\ '" '4:

2.0 Context of the Investigation. 4

2.1 Parameters of the Investigation 4

2.2 Objectives and Tasks ..... . 4

2.3 Authorship and Acknowledgements 4

3.0 Historical Framework ..... . 5

3.1 The Kingston and Bligh Estates 6

3.2 The Potteries 7

3.3 Subdivision 10

3.4 Warehouses 11

4.0 The Archaeological Resource and its Management 13

4.1 The Pre-Industrial Era 13

4.2 Industrial Uses . . . . 13

4.3 Subdivision and Warehouse Development. 13

4.4 Cultural Significance 15

4.5 Management .... 16

5.0 Supplementary Documentation. 17

5.1 Endnotes .. 17

5.2 Bibliography. 20


Archaeological Assessment 2 Cardigan Lane Camperdown

CONTENTS OF THE REPORT

1.0 Executive Summary .... 1 ~ ; .. r ~ I '. I " 1';'.,\ '" '4:

2.0 Context of the Investigation. 4

2.1 Parameters of the Investigation 4

2.2 Objectives and Tasks ..... . 4

2.3 Authorship and Acknowledgements 4

3.0 Historical Framework ..... . 5

3.1 The Kingston and Bligh Estates 6

3.2 The Potteries 7

3.3 Subdivision 10

3.4 Warehouses 11

4.0 The Archaeological Resource and its Management 13

4.1 The Pre-Industrial Era 13

4.2 Industrial Uses . . . . 13

4.3 Subdivision and Warehouse Development. 13

4.4 Cultural Significance 15

4.5 Management .... 16

5.0 Supplementary Documentation. 17

5.1 Endnotes .. 17

5.2 Bibliography. 20


Archaeological Assessment:

SECTION 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Investigation

2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown.

This report presents the evidence for the development of the land located at 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown. The purpose of the work has been to assess the extent, nature and integrity of the archaeological evidence which might have derived from that development, its significance and requirements for managing that resource in the event of its future disturbance through the re-use and redevelopment of this site.

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Historical Context

The majority of the study area was first alienated for European purposes in 1803 as part of a land grant made to Lieutenant Thomas Rowley. This estate, Kingston Farm, was sold in 1835 to Thomas Holt. There is no evidence that the study area was substantially ahered in any way as part of this land use. A small portion of the land which was encompassed in a grant made in 1806 to Governor William Bligh also was not used by that owner. Bligh's Camperdown Estate was subdivided in 1841. The first known use of the land was for a pottery, one of several in the immediate area. Enoch Fowler established his business on the block adjacent to the study area, between Australia and Denison Streets, in 1858. This became the focus of what was to be one of Australia's best known manufacturers of ceramic goods. If not immediately, within the next few years, the company also acquired the Jand now under investigation. Throughout the life of Fowler's Pottery the principal use of the study area was as part of the clay pits that provided raw materials for the enterprise. Only one building, a long shed along the Denison Street frontage, is known to have occupied this block.

Fowlers began to contract their operations at this site during the later 1890s. The firm would sell all its holdings in Camperdown by 1920. The first portion to be excised from the works was that which includes the study area. It was subdivided in the 1890s and sold to auctioneers in 1897. By 1900 a development company had purchased the land and between then and 1921 portions of the former pottery were sold generally in small commercial and residential lots.

The study area was purchased by the firm of Kilners, removalists who also provided storage facilities, in 1911. Plans for their building were prepared by the well known architectural firm of Robertson and Marks in 1912 although these were probably amended later in the year. The building is likely to have gained additional floors in 1923. By the later 1920s Kilners shared space on the site with the Stuart Brothers (builders) and Anthony Horderns. Various substantial additions and changes were made to accommodate these tenants as well as make good damage caused by a fire during the 1950s. Kilners sold the property in 1987 and from that time until the present day the building has been leased to a variety of

Wendy Thorp for Whitehall Property Consultants Page 1


Archaeological Assessment:

SECTION 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Investigation

2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown.

This report presents the evidence for the development of the land located at 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown. The purpose of the work has been to assess the extent, nature and integrity of the archaeological evidence which might have derived from that development, its significance and requirements for managing that resource in the event of its future disturbance through the re-use and redevelopment of this site.

. ~ i '\ I ,I ~) "

Historical Context

The majority of the study area was first alienated for European purposes in 1803 as part of a land grant made to Lieutenant Thomas Rowley. This estate, Kingston Farm, was sold in 1835 to Thomas Holt. There is no evidence that the study area was substantially ahered in any way as part of this land use. A small portion of the land which was encompassed in a grant made in 1806 to Governor William Bligh also was not used by that owner. Bligh's Camperdown Estate was subdivided in 1841. The first known use of the land was for a pottery, one of several in the immediate area. Enoch Fowler established his business on the block adjacent to the study area, between Australia and Denison Streets, in 1858. This became the focus of what was to be one of Australia's best known manufacturers of ceramic goods. If not immediately, within the next few years, the company also acquired the Jand now under investigation. Throughout the life of Fowler's Pottery the principal use of the study area was as part of the clay pits that provided raw materials for the enterprise. Only one building, a long shed along the Denison Street frontage, is known to have occupied this block.

Fowlers began to contract their operations at this site during the later 1890s. The firm would sell all its holdings in Camperdown by 1920. The first portion to be excised from the works was that which includes the study area. It was subdivided in the 1890s and sold to auctioneers in 1897. By 1900 a development company had purchased the land and between then and 1921 portions of the former pottery were sold generally in small commercial and residential lots.

The study area was purchased by the firm of Kilners, removalists who also provided storage facilities, in 1911. Plans for their building were prepared by the well known architectural firm of Robertson and Marks in 1912 although these were probably amended later in the year. The building is likely to have gained additional floors in 1923. By the later 1920s Kilners shared space on the site with the Stuart Brothers (builders) and Anthony Horderns. Various substantial additions and changes were made to accommodate these tenants as well as make good damage caused by a fire during the 1950s. Kilners sold the property in 1987 and from that time until the present day the building has been leased to a variety of



Archaeological Assessment: 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown.

firms and businesses each requiring some changes or additions to suit their purposes.

The Archaeological Resource

Although Kilner Lane appears to be a remnant of the earliest alignment of Parramatta Road the study area is unlikely to contaih any evidence predating its . development by the Fowler's Pottery Company during the middle years of the nineteenth century. For the duration of its ownership by that firm the study area was within the boundaries of the immense clay pit that provided the raw materials for the business. Only one building, a long shed along the Denison Street frontage, is known to'have been erected for the pottery in this location. As part of the process of subdivision for resale during the later 1890s the shed was demolished and it is highly likely that domestic and industrial waste was used to fill the former pit. The principal archaeological evidence of the nineteenth century is likely to be that waste. Any foundations of the shed which may have survived the demolition process will lie under the existing buildings.

Elements of a building probably constructed by one of the first owners of the newly subdivided land during the later 1890s or early 1900s appears to have been incorporated into one of the existing buildings as a base course of brickwork, There is n9 evidence for any other relics from this period. The buildings that are now to be found on the site were progressively developed from 1912 as warehouses and premises for a variety of buildings commencing with the firm of removali~ts, Kilners, which gave its name to the lane bordering its premises,

It may be concluded that the principal sub-surface archaeological evidence on this site will comprise fill introduced during the later years of the 1890s to level it prior to redevelopment. It is highly unlikely that any evidence of Fowler's pottery will be revealed during the course of redevelopment.

Cultural Significance

The archaeological resource, while descriptive of the processes of suburbanisation and land formation, has been assessed to be of low cultural significance.

Management

Generally the buildings are to be left on the site' and reused; relatively little excavation is required and what is will be shallow. This 'excavation is likely to reveal only relics which have derived from waste fill. These are not considered to have a degree of significance which would warrant recording, For this reason, that significant relics are unlikely to be revealed by the work, it will not be necessary to apply for an Excavation Perm it or to undertake further archaeological work. The . managers of the site are reminded, however, that in the event of relics of the pottery being unearthed that could not be anticipated on the basis of the available




firms and businesses each requiring some changes or additions to suit their purposes.

The Archaeological Resource

Although Kilner Lane appears to be a remnant of the earliest alignment of Parramatta Road the study area is unlikely to contaih any evidence predating its . development by the Fowler's Pottery Company during the middle years of the nineteenth century. For the duration of its ownership by that firm the study area was within the boundaries of the immense clay pit that provided the raw materials for the business. Only one building, a long shed along the Denison Street frontage, is known to'have been erected for the pottery in this location. As part of the process of subdivision for resale during the later 1890s the shed was demolished and it is highly likely that domestic and industrial waste was used to fill the former pit. The principal archaeological evidence of the nineteenth century is likely to be that waste. Any foundations of the shed which may have survived the demolition process will lie under the existing buildings.

Elements of a building probably constructed by one of the first owners of the newly subdivided land during the later 1890s or early 1900s appears to have been incorporated into one of the existing buildings as a base course of brickwork, There is n9 evidence for any other relics from this period. The buildings that are now to be found on the site were progressively developed from 1912 as warehouses and premises for a variety of buildings commencing with the firm of removali~ts, Kilners, which gave its name to the lane bordering its premises,

It may be concluded that the principal sub-surface archaeological evidence on this site will comprise fill introduced during the later years of the 1890s to level it prior to redevelopment. It is highly unlikely that any evidence of Fowler's pottery will be revealed during the course of redevelopment.

Cultural Significance

The archaeological resource, while descriptive of the processes of suburbanisation and land formation, has been assessed to be of low cultural significance.

Management

Generally the buildings are to be left on the site' and reused; relatively little excavation is required and what is will be shallow. This 'excavation is likely to reveal only relics which have derived from waste fill. These are not considered to have a degree of significance which would warrant recording, For this reason, that significant relics are unlikely to be revealed by the work, it will not be necessary to apply for an Excavation Perm it or to undertake further archaeological work. The . managers of the site are reminded, however, that in the event of relics of the pottery being unearthed that could not be anticipated on the basis of the available


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evidence they will be required to notify the Heritage Office for advice with respect to their responsible management.

It is also recommended that Kilner Lane, which appears to preserve the original alignment of Parramatta Road, be retained in its current form.

In summary:

• no further archaeological work is required

• there is no requirement for application to be made for an Excavation Permit , . ,~

• advice is to be sought from the Heritage Office in the event of relics of the pottery being unearthed

• Kilner Lane is to be retained within its current alignment.


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evidence they will be required to notify the Heritage Office for advice with respect to their responsible management.


In summary:


• there is no requirement for application to be made for an Excavation Permit , . ,~




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.. -Archaeological Assessment: 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown.

SECTION 2.0 CONTEXT OF THE INVESTIGATION

2.1 Parameters of the Investigation

This report has been prepared on behalf of Whitehall Property Consultants. The subject of the investigation is the archaeological resource which may be contained within the land at 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown. This lot is bound by Cardigan Lane, Denison Street and Kilner Lane. It is identified as Lot 1 in DP971213 and Lot 1 in DP75340.

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"Archaeological" evidence is understood to accord with the definition provided in the Heritage Act of NSW being those deposits, structures, features and relics of non-Aboriginal origin and fifty or more years old which are pertinent to the settlement and development of NSW.

2.2 Objectives and Tasks

The principal objectives of the work are to identify what is likely to be the extent, nature and integrity of any archaeological evidence contained within the site, its significance and to determine management strategies which are commensurate with that assessment of significance. In addition to this work research was undertaken to provide information which would support a heritage assessment of the buildings which currently occupy the site.

To achieve these objectives primary and secondary research has been undertaken in several repositories including those of the Mitchell Library, Sydney Council Archives and Marrickville Council. An inspection was made of the study . area including some interiors of the buildings. No archaeological investigation or assessment has been made of this site prior to the work undertaken for this report.

2.3 Authorship and Acknowledgements

This report has been written and researched by Wendy Thorp. The author would like to thank Mr Allan Burnet (Sydney Council Archives) and Cherie Lutz (Marrickville Council Archives).


,I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

.. -Archaeological Assessment: 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown.

SECTION 2.0 CONTEXT OF THE INVESTIGATION

2.1 Parameters of the Investigation

This report has been prepared on behalf of Whitehall Property Consultants. The subject of the investigation is the archaeological resource which may be contained within the land at 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown. This lot is bound by Cardigan Lane, Denison Street and Kilner Lane. It is identified as Lot 1 in DP971213 and Lot 1 in DP75340.

' •• "'. • f •• '

"Archaeological" evidence is understood to accord with the definition provided in the Heritage Act of NSW being those deposits, structures, features and relics of non-Aboriginal origin and fifty or more years old which are pertinent to the settlement and development of NSW.

2.2 Objectives and Tasks

The principal objectives of the work are to identify what is likely to be the extent, nature and integrity of any archaeological evidence contained within the site, its significance and to determine management strategies which are commensurate with that assessment of significance. In addition to this work research was undertaken to provide information which would support a heritage assessment of the buildings which currently occupy the site.

To achieve these objectives primary and secondary research has been undertaken in several repositories including those of the Mitchell Library, Sydney Council Archives and Marrickville Council. An inspection was made of the study . area including some interiors of the buildings. No archaeological investigation or assessment has been made of this site prior to the work undertaken for this report.

2.3 Authorship and Acknowledgements

This report has been written and researched by Wendy Thorp. The author would like to thank Mr Allan Burnet (Sydney Council Archives) and Cherie Lutz (Marrickville Council Archives).


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--- ---Archaeological Assessment: 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown.

SECTION 3.0 HISTORICAL FRAMEWORK

This section presents the evidence derived from archival sources which may be used to describe the development of the land now encompassed within 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown. This evidence is presented in several themes. These themes represent the principal influences on the formation and use of the study area. They include the alienation of the land for European purposes through land grants, subdivision and industrial uses. The themes are:

• The Kiogston and. Bligh, Estates

• The Potteries

• Subdivision

• Warehouses

Wendy Thorp for Whitehall Property Consultants PageS

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--- ---Archaeological Assessment: 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown.

SECTION 3.0 HISTORICAL FRAMEWORK

This section presents the evidence derived from archival sources which may be used to describe the development of the land now encompassed within 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown. This evidence is presented in several themes. These themes represent the principal influences on the formation and use of the study area. They include the alienation of the land for European purposes through land grants, subdivision and industrial uses. The themes are:

• The Kiogston and. Bligh, Estates

• The Potteries

• Subdivision

• Warehouses

Wendy Thorp for Whitehall Property Consultants PageS

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3.1 The Kingston and Bligh Estates

In 1789 Governor Phillip made provision for three Crown Reserves. One of these reserves encompassed the area of Camperdowr1 although the study area was just outside its limits. There is no evidence to suggest that the latter was affected or changed in any way by its proximity to this land use (1). Soon after Phillip began to allocate land for his officers. In 1793 Lieutenant Thomas Rowley was given a grant which was added to in 1803 to make a total of 240 acres. This grant includes the study area. Rowley's property, named Kingston Farm, extended between what is now known as Johnston's Creek and Australia Street. The study area occupies part of the portion gran~ed in 1803 (2).

. A few years later, in 1806, Governor King made a controversial grant of 240 acres to the incoming Governor, William Bligh. This land adjoined Rowley's farm their common boundary approximately being the present-day alignment of Australia Street although a small portion of the study area was included in this later grant (3). Bligh called his new property the Camperdown Estate. There is no evidence to show that the study area was used or improved in any way for either of the owners. The focus of Kingston Farm was between Salisbury Road, St Marys Street, Trade Street and Kingston Road. Bligh did little or nothing to his estate other than to establish a racecourse near the present day Missenden Road (4).

During the 1830s and 1840s most of the big estates in the area, with the exception of the Annandale Estate, were subdivided and sold in lots that could support orchards, small industrial enterprises and the like. Kingston Farm was sold in 1835 to James Holt although generally the land was not subdivided by the new owner until the 1850s. The exception to this was the Village of Kingston on Parramatta Road. This was described in 1840 as comprising thirty-one allotments and was notable for its excellent brick soil (5). The Camperdown Estate was put up for auction in 1841.


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3.1 The Kingston and Bligh Estates

In 1789 Governor Phillip made provision for three Crown Reserves. One of these reserves encompassed the area of Camperdowr1 although the study area was just outside its limits. There is no evidence to suggest that the latter was affected or changed in any way by its proximity to this land use (1). Soon after Phillip began to allocate land for his officers. In 1793 Lieutenant Thomas Rowley was given a grant which was added to in 1803 to make a total of 240 acres. This grant includes the study area. Rowley's property, named Kingston Farm, extended between what is now known as Johnston's Creek and Australia Street. The study area occupies part of the portion gran~ed in 1803 (2).

. A few years later, in 1806, Governor King made a controversial grant of 240 acres to the incoming Governor, William Bligh. This land adjoined Rowley's farm their common boundary approximately being the present-day alignment of Australia Street although a small portion of the study area was included in this later grant (3). Bligh called his new property the Camperdown Estate. There is no evidence to show that the study area was used or improved in any way for either of the owners. The focus of Kingston Farm was between Salisbury Road, St Marys Street, Trade Street and Kingston Road. Bligh did little or nothing to his estate other than to establish a racecourse near the present day Missenden Road (4).

During the 1830s and 1840s most of the big estates in the area, with the exception of the Annandale Estate, were subdivided and sold in lots that could support orchards, small industrial enterprises and the like. Kingston Farm was sold in 1835 to James Holt although generally the land was not subdivided by the new owner until the 1850s. The exception to this was the Village of Kingston on Parramatta Road. This was described in 1840 as comprising thirty-one allotments and was notable for its excellent brick soil (5). The Camperdown Estate was put up for auction in 1841.



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Archaeological Assessment: . 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown.

3.2 The Potteries

By the 1830s Sydney was entering a period of massive economic growth. Property development, in particular, was one of the principal outcomes of this expansive phase of development. Places such as Camperdown which, prior to this time, had been too distant from the city and constrained by the earlier grants began to attract residential and industrial development. Parramatta Road was a particularly favoured location being the main thoroughfare from the city to the second largest settlement at Parramatta. The position of Kilner Lane appears to record the earlier alignment of Parramatta Road the latter having been straightened at this point in 1836.

The land encompassed by the study area and that surrounding it was first alienated for industrial use in this period. Two potteries, one that was to become a household name, were to locate their premises here.

Gilbert McArthur arrived in Sydney from Scotland in 1838 and almost immediately established a pottery on a small portion of the former Kingston Estate. This was located on the new Parramatta Road alignment at a point that coincides with the current intersection of that road with Cardigan Street. The business produced bricks and ginger beer bottles but it had a short life. It was closed in 1842 a victim probably of the recession that gripped the entire country during the first half of the 1840s (1).

McArthur and his son re-established a pottery, probably on the same site, in c. 1857. This pottery was named the Clyde Pottery. It specialised in domestic wares such as butter coolers and chimney pots. It is shown on subdivision plans of the later nineteenth century at which time at least two main buildings were located over the future line of Cardigan Lane (2).

The founder of the business died in 1868. McArthur's sons continued to manage' the family business until 1904 at which time, due to increased land values and decreasing supplies of clay, it was closed and moved from the site (3).

At the same time that the McArthur family was establishing their business at Camperdown Enoch Fowler arrived in Sydney from Ireland in 1837. He established his first pottery on land that he leased on the northern side of Parramatta Road between Harris and Wattle Streets at Ultimo (4). Fowler relocated these works in 1847 to Queen Street, Glebe and in 1854 this pottery was relocated to Bay Street Glebe (5). New technologies introduced at this time led to a great expansion of the establishment and it required greater sources of good clay to support production.

In 1858 Fowler purchased five acres of land at Camperdown. This was on the other side of Parramatta Road to that which he was eventually to settle at. The new site encompassed an established pottery, George Duncan Guthrie's Camperdown Pottery. When Pyrmont Bridge Road was carried through to


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Archaeological Assessment: . 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown.

3.2 The Potteries

By the 1830s Sydney was entering a period of massive economic growth. Property development, in particular, was one of the principal outcomes of this expansive phase of development. Places such as Camperdown which, prior to this time, had been too distant from the city and constrained by the earlier grants began to attract residential and industrial development. Parramatta Road was a particularly favoured location being the main thoroughfare from the city to the second largest settlement at Parramatta. The position of Kilner Lane appears to record the earlier alignment of Parramatta Road the latter having been straightened at this point in 1836.

The land encompassed by the study area and that surrounding it was first alienated for industrial use in this period. Two potteries, one that was to become a household name, were to locate their premises here.

Gilbert McArthur arrived in Sydney from Scotland in 1838 and almost immediately established a pottery on a small portion of the former Kingston Estate. This was located on the new Parramatta Road alignment at a point that coincides with the current intersection of that road with Cardigan Street. The business produced bricks and ginger beer bottles but it had a short life. It was closed in 1842 a victim probably of the recession that gripped the entire country during the first half of the 1840s (1).

McArthur and his son re-established a pottery, probably on the same site, in c. 1857. This pottery was named the Clyde Pottery. It specialised in domestic wares such as butter coolers and chimney pots. It is shown on subdivision plans of the later nineteenth century at which time at least two main buildings were located over the future line of Cardigan Lane (2).

The founder of the business died in 1868. McArthur's sons continued to manage' the family business until 1904 at which time, due to increased land values and decreasing supplies of clay, it was closed and moved from the site (3).

At the same time that the McArthur family was establishing their business at Camperdown Enoch Fowler arrived in Sydney from Ireland in 1837. He established his first pottery on land that he leased on the northern side of Parramatta Road between Harris and Wattle Streets at Ultimo (4). Fowler relocated these works in 1847 to Queen Street, Glebe and in 1854 this pottery was relocated to Bay Street Glebe (5). New technologies introduced at this time led to a great expansion of the establishment and it required greater sources of good clay to support production.

In 1858 Fowler purchased five acres of land at Camperdown. This was on the other side of Parramatta Road to that which he was eventually to settle at. The new site encompassed an established pottery, George Duncan Guthrie's Camperdown Pottery. When Pyrmont Bridge Road was carried through to


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.' . ...:. .. Archaeological Assessment: 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown.

Parramatta Road a large portion of this property was lost to Fowler and, in compensation, the company was given a piece of land on the other side of Parramatta Road. This site was bound by Australia, Derby and Denison Streets and is now located next to the study area (6).

With Sydney now entering another building boom, influenced by the wealth generated by the gold rushes, Fowler set about developing his property to enable it to meet the great demands made for, particularly, salt glazed sewer pipes. In 1865 the pottery works were featured in the Illustrated Sydney News.

" .. we were much suprised at its great extent and imporlance .. There are a number of buildings not shbwn in our sketCh which form a parl of the works, such as kilns for making fire bricks; and places for machinery such as rollers for elevators, pug' mills used in the manufacture of paving bricks, oven tiles etc" (7).

The lIIustration shows the manufactory between Australia Street and Denison Street. Possibly the study area encompassed some of those elements referred to in the article but on the basis of later evidence it appears that, principally, it would have been the main site for the clay pits. '

In 1873 management of the pottery was handed from Enoch to his son. By this time Fowlers was one of the best known potteries of their kind and success had enabled them to expand their operations. For example, tramways had been laid in 1870 from the pits to the grinding mill and the company employed over sixty men (8).

The business was featured again in the Illustrated Sydney News of 1880. The illustration shows the main pottery works on the site adjoining the study area, between Australia and Denison Streets. The study area is shown in this view to be principally o'ccupied by the clay pits. One long industrial building occupied the Denison Street frontage although, at this time, that street had not been formed and it remained an open way between the main works, the pits and the building on the study area (9).

The most detailed record of the extent and arrangement of the pottery at its height is provided by a civic survey produced in 1891. It confirms most of the details illustrated in 1880 but also provides evidence of some considerable expansion since that time. The main pottery works including the kilns, residence and principal industrial buildings was located between Australia and Denison Streets although the latter still formally terminated some blocks back from Parramatta Road. The majority of the study area is shown still to be vacant, the site of clay pits. The long industrial building seen in the 1880 view was still extant and possibly extended by this time. The rest of the pottery works, including the Clyde Pottery, is shown to be oriented along the Parramatta Road frontage. Apart from some fencing and tracks there are no other improvements between Fowler's Pottery and Johnston's Creek at this time (10).

Wendy Thorp for Whitehall Property Consultants Pag~8

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.' . ...:. .. Archaeological Assessment: 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown.

Parramatta Road a large portion of this property was lost to Fowler and, in compensation, the company was given a piece of land on the other side of Parramatta Road. This site was bound by Australia, Derby and Denison Streets and is now located next to the study area (6).

With Sydney now entering another building boom, influenced by the wealth generated by the gold rushes, Fowler set about developing his property to enable it to meet the great demands made for, particularly, salt glazed sewer pipes. In 1865 the pottery works were featured in the Illustrated Sydney News.

" .. we were much suprised at its great extent and imporlance .. There are a number of buildings not shbwn in our sketCh which form a parl of the works, such as kilns for making fire bricks; and places for machinery such as rollers for elevators, pug' mills used in the manufacture of paving bricks, oven tiles etc" (7).

The lIIustration shows the manufactory between Australia Street and Denison Street. Possibly the study area encompassed some of those elements referred to in the article but on the basis of later evidence it appears that, principally, it would have been the main site for the clay pits. '

In 1873 management of the pottery was handed from Enoch to his son. By this time Fowlers was one of the best known potteries of their kind and success had enabled them to expand their operations. For example, tramways had been laid in 1870 from the pits to the grinding mill and the company employed over sixty men (8).

The business was featured again in the Illustrated Sydney News of 1880. The illustration shows the main pottery works on the site adjoining the study area, between Australia and Denison Streets. The study area is shown in this view to be principally o'ccupied by the clay pits. One long industrial building occupied the Denison Street frontage although, at this time, that street had not been formed and it remained an open way between the main works, the pits and the building on the study area (9).

The most detailed record of the extent and arrangement of the pottery at its height is provided by a civic survey produced in 1891. It confirms most of the details illustrated in 1880 but also provides evidence of some considerable expansion since that time. The main pottery works including the kilns, residence and principal industrial buildings was located between Australia and Denison Streets although the latter still formally terminated some blocks back from Parramatta Road. The majority of the study area is shown still to be vacant, the site of clay pits. The long industrial building seen in the 1880 view was still extant and possibly extended by this time. The rest of the pottery works, including the Clyde Pottery, is shown to be oriented along the Parramatta Road frontage. Apart from some fencing and tracks there are no other improvements between Fowler's Pottery and Johnston's Creek at this time (10).

Wendy Thorp for Whitehall Property Consultants Pag~8


.. Archaeological Assessment: 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown.

Fowlers were to remain at the Camperdown location for many more years but for probably the same reasons that the Clyde Pottery relocated, that is dwindling supplies of clay and escalating property values, Fowlers began to sell some of their land during the 1890s including that of the study area.

During the early years of the twentieth century the pottery established a branch in Marrickville and another pottery at 8ankstown. In 1912 Fowlers purchased the Sydney Pottery Co. at Longueville. Finally, in 1920, the Camperdown site was sold to a motor body building concern. The new owners demolished the old buildings and constructed a new factory on the site (11).

Wendy Thorp for Whitehall Property ConSUltants Page 9


.. Archaeological Assessment: 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown.

Fowlers were to remain at the Camperdown location for many more years but for probably the same reasons that the Clyde Pottery relocated, that is dwindling supplies of clay and escalating property values, Fowlers began to sell some of their land during the 1890s including that of the study area.

During the early years of the twentieth century the pottery established a branch in Marrickville and another pottery at 8ankstown. In 1912 Fowlers purchased the Sydney Pottery Co. at Longueville. Finally, in 1920, the Camperdown site was sold to a motor body building concern. The new owners demolished the old buildings and constructed a new factory on the site (11).

Wendy Thorp for Whitehall Property ConSUltants Page 9

I I I I I I I I I I

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Fowler's pottery in 1865 (study area outside view). Illustrated Sydney News October 1865

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Fowler's pottery in 1865 (study area outside view). Illustrated Sydney News October 1865

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Fowler's pottery in 1880 (study area to the left). Illustrated Sydney News January 1880.

'--------------~~



Fowler's pottery in 1880 (study area to the left). Illustrated Sydney News January 1880.

'--------------~~

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Survey of the study area in 1891

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- Archaeological Assessment: ,. 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown.

3.3 Subdivision

As Fowlers began to sell some of their land during the later years of the nineteenth century an undated subdivision plan, apparently of the middle to later 1890s, shows the works of that company to be confined by that time to the land between Australia and Denison Streets. The Clyde Pottery was still present on Parramatta Road. The lots between it and Denison Street had been subdivided; these were to be developed with terraces that still occupy them. Kilner Lane was formed, although not named; it was on the alignment of the original curve of Parramatta Road. The lots along the extension of Kingston Road, now Cardigan Lane, had been subdivided ready for sale. Only a portion of one building, possibly the former pottery building, is-shown on the Denison Street frontage (1).

Robert Richardson and Alexander Waiter Scott Gregg, auctioneers, purchased all of the land to Johnston's Creek, including that of the study area, in 1897 (2). The· plan attached to the deed of purchase shows the land to be completely vacant at that time although Fowlers still owned the land on the other side of Denison Street and to·the south. It suggests that any additions made by Fowlers, principally the long industr.ial building, had been removed by them. It also is likely that the area of the clay pits had been filled and levelled; on the basis of evidence from comparable sites elsewhere in Marrickville it is probable that domestic and industrial waste was used for this purpose.

One strip of land, along Cardigan Lane, was sold to the Intercolonial Investment Land and Building Company in 1900 (3) and the remainder in the following year (4). Between 1904 and 1921 the company sold portions to several people. One plan attached to an instrument of transfer (5) shows a small building on one of the allotments. It indicates that, during this first period of subdivision and sale, one or more buildings were erected by the new owners although the extent of these is now unclear. A base course of brickwork around one of the buildings on Kilner Lane that clearly predates the rest of the building is most likely to have been reused from one of these early twentieth century buildings.

Wendy Thorp for VVhitehall Property Consultants Page 10

--------------------------------------------. I I I I I 'I I I I 1I I I I I I I I I I

- Archaeological Assessment: ,. 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown.

3.3 Subdivision

As Fowlers began to sell some of their land during the later years of the nineteenth century an undated subdivision plan, apparently of the middle to later 1890s, shows the works of that company to be confined by that time to the land between Australia and Denison Streets. The Clyde Pottery was still present on Parramatta Road. The lots between it and Denison Street had been subdivided; these were to be developed with terraces that still occupy them. Kilner Lane was formed, although not named; it was on the alignment of the original curve of Parramatta Road. The lots along the extension of Kingston Road, now Cardigan Lane, had been subdivided ready for sale. Only a portion of one building, possibly the former pottery building, is-shown on the Denison Street frontage (1).

Robert Richardson and Alexander Waiter Scott Gregg, auctioneers, purchased all of the land to Johnston's Creek, including that of the study area, in 1897 (2). The· plan attached to the deed of purchase shows the land to be completely vacant at that time although Fowlers still owned the land on the other side of Denison Street and to·the south. It suggests that any additions made by Fowlers, principally the long industr.ial building, had been removed by them. It also is likely that the area of the clay pits had been filled and levelled; on the basis of evidence from comparable sites elsewhere in Marrickville it is probable that domestic and industrial waste was used for this purpose.

One strip of land, along Cardigan Lane, was sold to the Intercolonial Investment Land and Building Company in 1900 (3) and the remainder in the following year (4). Between 1904 and 1921 the company sold portions to several people. One plan attached to an instrument of transfer (5) shows a small building on one of the allotments. It indicates that, during this first period of subdivision and sale, one or more buildings were erected by the new owners although the extent of these is now unclear. A base course of brickwork around one of the buildings on Kilner Lane that clearly predates the rest of the building is most likely to have been reused from one of these early twentieth century buildings.

Wendy Thorp for VVhitehall Property Consultants Page 10

I 1 I

Subdivision Plan showing the study area during the later nineteenth century (No date ML SP C5/19)

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Subdivision Plan showing the study area during the later nineteenth century (No date ML SP C5/19)

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3.4 Warehouses

The majority of the study area was purchased from the Intercolonial Building and Investment Company in 1911 by the firm of Kilners, a removalist and storage firm (1). In 1912 the well known architectural firm of Robertson and Marks prepared plans for a warehouse on this site for Kilners (2). There are substantial differences between this plan and what was finally built; references to plans presented later in the year (and which no longer survive) might be to the amended design which was finally built for the company (3). Kilners took out a mortgage in this year with Marguerite Little, widow, of Paris in the Republic of France (4) and presumably it was this finance that supported the construction of the new premises. In 1925 Kilners acquired another ten perches of the land fronting Kilner Lane, being approximately in the centre of that frontage (5). This had been part of the Bligh Estate.

The only records of work carried out on the stores for the firm during its early years are those of buttresses being applied to the building in 1920 (6) and extensions made to it in 1923 (7). The latter may enc<?mpass the addition of several storeys to the original building.

Kilners retained possession of the site until the later years of the twentieth century but from the later 1920s it appears that they shared occupancy with the well known building firm of the Stuart Brothers (8). In 1929 this firm presented a Building Application for a marble works, a garage for their transport section, substation, metal works and a gatekeepers cottage (9). The same company presented Building Applications in 1936 for alterations for more factory space and a sprinkler tank (10). In 1938 they applied to build a new store (11). In 1942 part of the yard was roofed over to form a garage (12). Various amenities were added to the site during the later 1940s and early 1950s (13). Anthony Hordens also had space on the site during the same period.

The most substantial changes seem to have been made during the middle to later 1950s. In 1956 a Development Application was presented to Council for alterations and additions to the existing furniture storage building. Building applications were also presen.ted in this year for a new roofed storage area and a: shower room (14). The building was damaged by a fire in the following year which occasioned over $17,000 in repairs (15). There appear to have been few changes made to the buildings after this work until the later 1980s. During this period the prem ises were used by an auction house for industrial and general merchandise, for the storage and display of timber products and for golf club assembly amongst other purposes (16).

Kilners sold the property to Kulgoa Investments Pty Ltd in 1987 (17). In the same year a lease was made between the new owners and Arnold House Pty Ltd for part of the ground floor and the whole of the first floor of what was known as "Franks Warehouse" (18). Another lease was made with K.R.M. Holdings Pty Ltd for the second and third floors of the warehouse. From 1988 to the present day numerous leases have been made of the premises. To support the requirements


I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I


3.4 Warehouses

The majority of the study area was purchased from the Intercolonial Building and Investment Company in 1911 by the firm of Kilners, a removalist and storage firm (1). In 1912 the well known architectural firm of Robertson and Marks prepared plans for a warehouse on this site for Kilners (2). There are substantial differences between this plan and what was finally built; references to plans presented later in the year (and which no longer survive) might be to the amended design which was finally built for the company (3). Kilners took out a mortgage in this year with Marguerite Little, widow, of Paris in the Republic of France (4) and presumably it was this finance that supported the construction of the new premises. In 1925 Kilners acquired another ten perches of the land fronting Kilner Lane, being approximately in the centre of that frontage (5). This had been part of the Bligh Estate.

The only records of work carried out on the stores for the firm during its early years are those of buttresses being applied to the building in 1920 (6) and extensions made to it in 1923 (7). The latter may enc<?mpass the addition of several storeys to the original building.

Kilners retained possession of the site until the later years of the twentieth century but from the later 1920s it appears that they shared occupancy with the well known building firm of the Stuart Brothers (8). In 1929 this firm presented a Building Application for a marble works, a garage for their transport section, substation, metal works and a gatekeepers cottage (9). The same company presented Building Applications in 1936 for alterations for more factory space and a sprinkler tank (10). In 1938 they applied to build a new store (11). In 1942 part of the yard was roofed over to form a garage (12). Various amenities were added to the site during the later 1940s and early 1950s (13). Anthony Hordens also had space on the site during the same period.

The most substantial changes seem to have been made during the middle to later 1950s. In 1956 a Development Application was presented to Council for alterations and additions to the existing furniture storage building. Building applications were also presen.ted in this year for a new roofed storage area and a: shower room (14). The building was damaged by a fire in the following year which occasioned over $17,000 in repairs (15). There appear to have been few changes made to the buildings after this work until the later 1980s. During this period the prem ises were used by an auction house for industrial and general merchandise, for the storage and display of timber products and for golf club assembly amongst other purposes (16).

Kilners sold the property to Kulgoa Investments Pty Ltd in 1987 (17). In the same year a lease was made between the new owners and Arnold House Pty Ltd for part of the ground floor and the whole of the first floor of what was known as "Franks Warehouse" (18). Another lease was made with K.R.M. Holdings Pty Ltd for the second and third floors of the warehouse. From 1988 to the present day numerous leases have been made of the premises. To support the requirements


I I I I I I :1 I I I I I, I I I I I I I I I

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of the various tenants several changes and alterations have been made to the buildings. These have generally related to the subdivision of space.

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of the various tenants several changes and alterations have been made to the buildings. These have generally related to the subdivision of space.

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-Archaeolo~ical Assessment: 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown.

SECTION 4.0 THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE AND ITS MANAGEMENT

4.1 The Pre-Industrial Era

There is no evidence that any improvements, alterations or additions were made to the study area during the period in which it was in private ownership, that is, as part of Kingston Farm and, to a lesser degree, the Camperdown Estate. In the case of the former the principal improvements were at some distance from this land and, with respect to the latter, the only known work was that of a racecourse also at some distance from the study area.

, • -I' ..' '., ..

Kilner Lane appears to preserve a remnant of the earliest alignment of Parramatta Road, however, the study area is unlikely to contain any evidence with respect to the use of this former street frontage. All early plans show buildings along this deviation to be outside the study area.

4.2 Industrial Uses

The first alienation of the study area for European purposes was associated with the expansion of the Fowler's pottery, the principal manufactory for which was located on the block adjacent to the study area between Australia and Denison Streets. The only known uses of the Cardigan Lane site by this company were as part of the pits which supplied clay for the pottery and ?S the location of one shed. This long building was located on the Denison Street frontage. As part of the process of subdivision for resale during the later 1890s the shed was demolished; any foundations of it which may have survived the demolition process will lie under the existing buildings. The pit must have been filled at this time and it is highly likely that domestic and industrial waste was used for the purpose. This has been shown to be the case elsewhere in Marrickville on sites with comparable situations. The principal archaeological evidence of the nineteenth century is likely to be that waste.

4.3 Subdivision and Warehouse Development

Um ited archival evidence suggests that at least one owner of the newly created lots constructed a building on his property. It is possible and likely that others did as well. Elements of one building of this period, probably constructed during the later 1890s or early 1900s, appears to have been incorporated into one of the existing buildings as a base course of brickwork. There is no evidence for any other relics from this period or phase of development.

The buildings that are now to be found on the site were progressively developed from 1912 as warehouses and premises for a variety of buildings commencing with the firm of removalists, Kilners, which gave its name to the lane bordering its premises. These buildings have been the subject of a separate assessment ~or architectural merit.



-Archaeolo~ical Assessment: 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown.

SECTION 4.0 THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE AND ITS MANAGEMENT

4.1 The Pre-Industrial Era

There is no evidence that any improvements, alterations or additions were made to the study area during the period in which it was in private ownership, that is, as part of Kingston Farm and, to a lesser degree, the Camperdown Estate. In the case of the former the principal improvements were at some distance from this land and, with respect to the latter, the only known work was that of a racecourse also at some distance from the study area.

, • -I' ..' '., ..

Kilner Lane appears to preserve a remnant of the earliest alignment of Parramatta Road, however, the study area is unlikely to contain any evidence with respect to the use of this former street frontage. All early plans show buildings along this deviation to be outside the study area.

4.2 Industrial Uses

The first alienation of the study area for European purposes was associated with the expansion of the Fowler's pottery, the principal manufactory for which was located on the block adjacent to the study area between Australia and Denison Streets. The only known uses of the Cardigan Lane site by this company were as part of the pits which supplied clay for the pottery and ?S the location of one shed. This long building was located on the Denison Street frontage. As part of the process of subdivision for resale during the later 1890s the shed was demolished; any foundations of it which may have survived the demolition process will lie under the existing buildings. The pit must have been filled at this time and it is highly likely that domestic and industrial waste was used for the purpose. This has been shown to be the case elsewhere in Marrickville on sites with comparable situations. The principal archaeological evidence of the nineteenth century is likely to be that waste.

4.3 Subdivision and Warehouse Development

Um ited archival evidence suggests that at least one owner of the newly created lots constructed a building on his property. It is possible and likely that others did as well. Elements of one building of this period, probably constructed during the later 1890s or early 1900s, appears to have been incorporated into one of the existing buildings as a base course of brickwork. There is no evidence for any other relics from this period or phase of development.

The buildings that are now to be found on the site were progressively developed from 1912 as warehouses and premises for a variety of buildings commencing with the firm of removalists, Kilners, which gave its name to the lane bordering its premises. These buildings have been the subject of a separate assessment ~or architectural merit.


I I I I I I I I I. I I I I I I I I I I I I


It may be concluded that:

• it is unlikely that any archaeological evidence will be found that pre-dates the industrial use of the site;

• that relics or foundations of the Fowler's pottery building that is known to have occupied the site might survive under the current buildings. No other structures are known to have occupied the study area as a result of this company's use of it;

• that the principal archaeological evidence will comprise domestic and industrial waste brought to the site 'f~r the purpose of filling the former clay pit;

• that some evidence of one of the first buildings constructed on the newly formed allotments is likely to be preserved as a basecourse in an existing building on Kilner Lane. It is impossible to determine whether remnants of other buildings survive within the site; the documentary evidence for this phase identifies with certainty only one building;

• that the buildihgs now occupying the site have been progressively developed from 1912 onwards.


I I I I I I I I I. I I I I I I I I I I I I


It may be concluded that:

• it is unlikely that any archaeological evidence will be found that pre-dates the industrial use of the site;

• that relics or foundations of the Fowler's pottery building that is known to have occupied the site might survive under the current buildings. No other structures are known to have occupied the study area as a result of this company's use of it;

• that the principal archaeological evidence will comprise domestic and industrial waste brought to the site 'f~r the purpose of filling the former clay pit;

• that some evidence of one of the first buildings constructed on the newly formed allotments is likely to be preserved as a basecourse in an existing building on Kilner Lane. It is impossible to determine whether remnants of other buildings survive within the site; the documentary evidence for this phase identifies with certainty only one building;

• that the buildihgs now occupying the site have been progressively developed from 1912 onwards.




4.4 Cultural Significance

The criteria used to determine cultural significance are those described in "Heritage Assessments" in the NSW Heritage Manual. The nature of an item's significance are determined by four criteria being historical, aesthetic, technical/research and social. Two criteria, representativeness and rarity, qualify the degree of that significance. With respect to the archaeological resource of 2 Cardigan Lane it may be concluded that the site has strong historical associations with the famous Fowlers Pottery but there is little or nothing left in or on the site which demonstrates that significance.

The prinoipal archaeological-resource is most relevant to the processes of subdivision and suburbanisation that characterised most of Camperdown during the later years of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. The above ground buildings, particularly, illustrate the particular character of the district in this period. The in-ground resource, which is likely to comprise wastes brought to the site for the purpose of levelling it, while illustrative of the suburbanisation and the land formation processes that supported it has little value for technical or research purposes. Individual relics which might be unearthed from this waste have only a secondary provenance. It is the act of filling that is valuable for interpretive purposes rather than the actual content.

For this reason, while the site is determined to have strong historical associations and is illustrative of the particular development that characterised Camperdown during the later years of the nineteenth century and early years of the twentieth century, the in-ground archaeological resource is determined to have low cultural significance.




4.4 Cultural Significance

The criteria used to determine cultural significance are those described in "Heritage Assessments" in the NSW Heritage Manual. The nature of an item's significance are determined by four criteria being historical, aesthetic, technical/research and social. Two criteria, representativeness and rarity, qualify the degree of that significance. With respect to the archaeological resource of 2 Cardigan Lane it may be concluded that the site has strong historical associations with the famous Fowlers Pottery but there is little or nothing left in or on the site which demonstrates that significance.

The prinoipal archaeological-resource is most relevant to the processes of subdivision and suburbanisation that characterised most of Camperdown during the later years of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. The above ground buildings, particularly, illustrate the particular character of the district in this period. The in-ground resource, which is likely to comprise wastes brought to the site for the purpose of levelling it, while illustrative of the suburbanisation and the land formation processes that supported it has little value for technical or research purposes. Individual relics which might be unearthed from this waste have only a secondary provenance. It is the act of filling that is valuable for interpretive purposes rather than the actual content.

For this reason, while the site is determined to have strong historical associations and is illustrative of the particular development that characterised Camperdown during the later years of the nineteenth century and early years of the twentieth century, the in-ground archaeological resource is determined to have low cultural significance.



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4.5 Management

The proposal for the redevelopment of this site comprises residential occupancy with the provision of services, landscaping and car-parking. Generally the buildings are to be left on the site and reused for domestic purposes Relatively little excavation is required and what is will be shallow. The car-park is to be accommodated within the existing level of the building and services require shallow trenching.

This excavation is likely to reveal only relics which have derived from waste fill. These are not considered to have a degree of significance which would warrant recording. For this reason, that significant relics are unlikely to be revealed by the work, it will not be necessary to apply for an Excavation Perm it or to undertake further archaeological work. The managers of the site are reminded, however, that in the event of relics of the pottery being unearthed that could not be anticipated on the basis of the available evidence they will be required to notify the Heritage Office for advice with respect to their responsible management.


In summary:


• there is no requirement for application to be made for an Excavation Permit



WendyThorp for Whitehall Property Consultants Page 16


------ --------------------------------------,


4.5 Management

The proposal for the redevelopment of this site comprises residential occupancy with the provision of services, landscaping and car-parking. Generally the buildings are to be left on the site and reused for domestic purposes Relatively little excavation is required and what is will be shallow. The car-park is to be accommodated within the existing level of the building and services require shallow trenching.

This excavation is likely to reveal only relics which have derived from waste fill. These are not considered to have a degree of significance which would warrant recording. For this reason, that significant relics are unlikely to be revealed by the work, it will not be necessary to apply for an Excavation Perm it or to undertake further archaeological work. The managers of the site are reminded, however, that in the event of relics of the pottery being unearthed that could not be anticipated on the basis of the available evidence they will be required to notify the Heritage Office for advice with respect to their responsible management.


In summary:


• there is no requirement for application to be made for an Excavation Permit



WendyThorp for Whitehall Property Consultants Page 16

I

I I I I I i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I


SECTION 5.0 SUPPLEMENTARY DOCUMENTATION

5.1 Endnotes

5.1.1 Section 3.1

1. R. Cashman and C. Meader, Marrickville Rural Outpost to Inner City., 19.

2. L TO Volume 2218 Folio 133

3. R. Cashman and C. Meader, Op Cit., 40.

4. South Sydney Heritage Study Thematic History Precinct 8.

5. R, Cahsman and C. Meader, Op Cit. 41.

5.1.2 Section 3.2

1. G. Ford, Australian Pottery the First 100 Years., 48

2. ML subdivision plans; Camperdown SP C:5/37.

3. G. Ford, Loc. Cit.

4. Ibid., 27.

5. Ibid.

6. Ibid., 30.

7. Illustrated Sydney News October 1865, 5.

8. G. Ford, Op Cit., 31.

9. Illustrated Sydney News January 1880.

10. NSW Department of Lands, Metropolitan Detail Series. Camperdown Sheet 9, 1891.



I

I I I I I i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I


SECTION 5.0 SUPPLEMENTARY DOCUMENTATION

5.1 Endnotes

5.1.1 Section 3.1

1. R. Cashman and C. Meader, Marrickville Rural Outpost to Inner City., 19.


3. R. Cashman and C. Meader, Op Cit., 40.

4. South Sydney Heritage Study Thematic History Precinct 8.

5. R, Cahsman and C. Meader, Op Cit. 41.

5.1.2 Section 3.2

1. G. Ford, Australian Pottery the First 100 Years., 48

2. ML subdivision plans; Camperdown SP C:5/37.

3. G. Ford, Loc. Cit.

4. Ibid., 27.

5. Ibid.

6. Ibid., 30.

7. Illustrated Sydney News October 1865, 5.


9. Illustrated Sydney News January 1880.

10. NSW Department of Lands, Metropolitan Detail Series. Camperdown Sheet 9, 1891.





5.1.3 Section 3.3

1. ML subdivision plans Camperdown SP: C5/19




5. L TO V91ume 3687 Folio 5~

5.1.4 Section 3.4


2. Robertson and Marks, Proposed Storage Premises for Messrs Kilner Pty Ltd. Sydney Council Archives. 1912.

3. Street Cards, Kilner Lane 1912. Sydney Council Archives.



6. Marrickville Council Records

7. Ibid.

8. Ibid.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

11. Ibid.

12. Ibid.

13. Ibid.

14. Ibid.




5.1.3 Section 3.3

1. ML subdivision plans Camperdown SP: C5/19




5. L TO V91ume 3687 Folio 5~

5.1.4 Section 3.4


2. Robertson and Marks, Proposed Storage Premises for Messrs Kilner Pty Ltd. Sydney Council Archives. 1912.

3. Street Cards, Kilner Lane 1912. Sydney Council Archives.



6. Marrickville Council Records

7. Ibid.

8. Ibid.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

11. Ibid.

12. Ibid.

13. Ibid.

14. Ibid.


-~ --

I I Archaeological Assessment: 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown.

I 15. Ibid.

I 16. Ibid.

I 17. LTO Volume 2218 Folio 133

18. Ibid.

I I I I :1 i



-~ --

I I Archaeological Assessment: 2 Cardigan Lane, Camperdown.

I 15. Ibid.

I 16. Ibid.

I 17. LTO Volume 2218 Folio 133

18. Ibid.

I I I I :1 i



I I I I I I I I II

I I I I I I I I I I I .1


5.2 Bibliography

5.2.1 Books and Reports

Richard Cashman and Chrys Meader Marrickville Rural Outpost to Inner City Hale and Iremonger. 1990.

Geoff Ford Australian Pottery: The First 100 Years Salt Glaze Press. 1995.

01 A.",

Lester Tropman and Associates South Sydney Heritage Study Precinct 8 Thematic History South Sydney Council.

5.2.2 Journal and News Articles

"Mr E. Fowlers Pottery" Illustrated Sydney News October 1865, 5.

"Pottery Works of Messrs Fowler and Son at Camperdown" Illustrated Sydney News January 1880.

5.2.3 Land Records

Sydney City Council Place Cards: Kingston lane 1912.

NSW Land Titles Office Volume 54 Folio 222 Volume 262 Folio 129 Volume 798 Folio 200 Volume 817 Folio 223 Volume 1064 Folio 146 Volume 1235 Folio 174 Volume 1325 Folio 69 Volume 1334 Folio 138 Volume 1429 Folio 70 Volume 2218 Folio 133 Volume 3687 Folio 59


I I I I I I I I II

I I I I I I I I I I I .1


5.2 Bibliography

5.2.1 Books and Reports

Richard Cashman and Chrys Meader Marrickville Rural Outpost to Inner City Hale and Iremonger. 1990.

Geoff Ford Australian Pottery: The First 100 Years Salt Glaze Press. 1995.

01 A.",

Lester Tropman and Associates South Sydney Heritage Study Precinct 8 Thematic History South Sydney Council.

5.2.2 Journal and News Articles

"Mr E. Fowlers Pottery" Illustrated Sydney News October 1865, 5.

"Pottery Works of Messrs Fowler and Son at Camperdown" Illustrated Sydney News January 1880.

5.2.3 Land Records

Sydney City Council Place Cards: Kingston lane 1912.

NSW Land Titles Office Volume 54 Folio 222 Volume 262 Folio 129 Volume 798 Folio 200 Volume 817 Folio 223 Volume 1064 Folio 146 Volume 1235 Folio 174 Volume 1325 Folio 69 Volume 1334 Folio 138 Volume 1429 Folio 70 Volume 2218 Folio 133 Volume 3687 Folio 59




Computer Folio Reference 1/75340,1/971213 Application 25340, 6774, 9999, 1797

Marrickville Council Computer Folio of Records relating to Cardigan Lane

S.2.4 Maps and Plans

Camperdown Allotments Subdivision' Plans Camperd6wn ML SP CS/37

Camperdown Subdivision Plans Camperdown ML SP: CS/S2 '

McArthurs Clyde Pottery Subdivisions Plans Camperdown ML SP: CS/19

Plan of the'Camperdown Estate to be Sold by Auction 1841 ML M2 811.1824/1841/2

NSW Department of Lands Metropolitan Detail Series Camperdown Sheet 9, 1891 ML M Ser4 811.17/1

Robertson and Marks Proposed Storage Premises for Messrs Kilner pty Ltd Sydney Council Archives. 1912.




Computer Folio Reference 1/75340,1/971213 Application 25340, 6774, 9999, 1797

Marrickville Council Computer Folio of Records relating to Cardigan Lane

S.2.4 Maps and Plans

Camperdown Allotments Subdivision' Plans Camperd6wn ML SP CS/37

Camperdown Subdivision Plans Camperdown ML SP: CS/S2 '

McArthurs Clyde Pottery Subdivisions Plans Camperdown ML SP: CS/19

Plan of the'Camperdown Estate to be Sold by Auction 1841 ML M2 811.1824/1841/2

NSW Department of Lands Metropolitan Detail Series Camperdown Sheet 9, 1891 ML M Ser4 811.17/1

Robertson and Marks Proposed Storage Premises for Messrs Kilner pty Ltd Sydney Council Archives. 1912.


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