iÝ½ Ä c®ãù , mariana chavez, daniela peña corvillon, b p...1.5m 1.5m 1m 1m 0.5m m z 200m w w...

1

I CW B P

Jacob Bintliff , Mariana Chavez, Daniela Peña Corvillon,Mia Docto, Johanna Hoff man, Katelyn Walker, Sco Walls

UC Berkeley, LA 205 StudioSpring 2012

PRESENTATION CONTENT2

INTRODUCTION //

SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS //

WETLAND DESIGN //

HUMAN INTERFACE //

CONCLUSIONS

3 DESIGN GOALS IN

TRO

DUCT

ION

Create vibrant center for environmental educa on, outdoor recrea on and commercial ac vity

Provide habit for migra ng bird species

Turn Island City into an interna onal birdwatching des na on

Weave func oning wetland habitat into urban fabric

Sea of Japan

Hakata Bay

Wild Bird Park

Island City

Fukuoka City

Establish Island City as beacon of ecological innova on

4 GUIDING PRINCIPLES IN

TRO

DUCT

ION

WILD BIRD PARK

Bird Species

Wetland Zones

Human EngagementTidal Marsh Dynamics

Habitat

Sedimenta on

Wave ac on Tidal Exchange Grading

Educa on

Urban InterfaceRecrea on

Levee Breach

Prey Species

5 GUIDING PRINCIPLES IN

TRO

DUCT

ION

Human EngagementTidal Marsh Dynamics

Habitat

WILD BIRD PARK

6

Current Velocity

(Furusho, 2001)

Prevailing Wind

SCI

ENTI

FIC

ANAL

YSIS

PREVAILING WINDS & TIDAL CURRENTS

7

Source: Port of Hakata, 2012

SEMI-DIURNAL TIDAL CYCLE Two High Tides and Two Low Tides Per Day

0 hrs 24 hrs

2.16m

0.7m

1.1m

MHHW

MTL

MLLW

MHHW = Mean Higher High Water, or Average Highest Tide Eleva on

MTL = Mean Tide Level

MLLW = Mean Lower Low Water, or Average Lowest Tide Eleva on

TIDES IN HAKATA BAY S

CIEN

TIFI

C AN

ALYS

IS

0 0.5 10.25 Kilometers

31

2

0

1

1

3

2 8

1.4

1.22.9

1.4

0.9

0.9

0.2

0.6

0.2

2.7

2.5 3.2

0.7 1.8

2.3

2.21.7

1.7

1.61.8

1.2

1.21.1 2.1

2.6

0.3

2.4

1.5

1.4

2.4

2.6

2.6

2.93.1

2.9

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.7

2.9

2.1

2.9

8

BBBaatthymmmmmmeeeetttttttrrrrrrrrrrrryyyyyyyyyyyyyEEllevaattiiiooooooonnnnnn ((((ffffrrroooommmmmm MMMTTTTTLLLL))))

1.5555555555 -- 2222

11111 ------- 111...555

0000..5555 - 1111

00000000000000000 -- 0000...5555

-000.555 --- 0000

---111 --- --000.5555

---111.555 - --111

-2222 - -111..5555

------2222222....5555555 -- ---------22222222

------333333333 --- ------22222222222..55555555

-----3333333..22222 --- --33333333333

WAJIRO MUDFLATS

ISLAND CITY

BathymetryElevation (from MTL)

1.5 - 2

1 - 1.5

0.5 - 1

0 - 0.5

-0.5 - 0

-1 - -0.5

-1.5 - -1

-2 - -1.5

-2.5 - -2

-3 - -2.5

-3.2 - -3

BATHYMETRY S

CIEN

TIFI

C AN

ALYS

IS

LOW TIDE

LOW TIDE

DEPTH SOUNDINGS = METERS BELOW LOW TIDESOURCE: BATHYMETRY ADOPTED FROM NGA Chart 97421, Fukuoka Wan, 1996


333111

22

00

11

11

3

222 8

1111.44

1111.222222.99

11111..44444444

0000.9999

00.99

000..222

0000.66

00....2222

22.7

22.55 33.22

0000.7 11.8

22..33

22.221.7

11.77

11111.66111.888

11.22

1111...2221111..11111 222..111

22222.66

00..33

22.44

11..5555

1..4444

22..44

222222.666

222.666

222.99933.11

2222.99

222..77

22.7

22222.66

2222.777

22.99

222.1

22.99

9

A

B

SECTION

A-B

BATHYMETRY S

CIEN

TIFI

C AN

ALYS

IS

DEPTH SOUNDINGS = METERS BELOW LOW TIDESOURCE: BATHYMETRY ADOPTED FROM NGA Chart 97421, Fukuoka Wan, 1996


333111

1

222 8

1111.44

1111.222222.99

11111..44444444

000..222

0000.66

00....2222

22.7

22.55 33.22

222.99933.11

10

A

B

MLLW (0.07m)

MHHW (2.16m)

MTL (1.1m)

BASE OF SEAWALL = -3m

TOP OF SEAWALL = 3m

SCI

ENTI

FIC

ANAL

YSIS

BATHYMETRY

SOURCE: NGA, Port of Fukuoka

SECTION A-BA B

CON

CRETE SEAWALL

11

Incoming Tide

Wind Driven Waves

Sediment Deposi on

Re- Suspension

Incoming sediment is deposited on incoming des. Sediment can be re-suspended and taken out of wetland systems via dal ebb and fl ow, and wind-driven waves.

Tidal prism = volume of water in wetland area between mean high de and mean low de. In gen-eral, larger dal prisms correspond to greater amounts of deposited sediment.

Take Home : Increasing dal prism increases sediment deposi on, naturally preven ng wetland erosion. Tidal prism can be increased by widening/ enlarging dal opening.

SCI

ENTI

FIC

ANAL

YSIS

nn

Tidal Ebb + Flow

Sediment Deposi on

Re- Suspension

GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES RESPONSIBLE FOR SEDIMENTATION RATES

Tidal Prism

Low Tide

High Tide

12

Vegetated marshplains take longer to develop in higher energy environments.

Take Home: The more wave energy a dal wetland is exposed to, the more dal mudfl at will be sustained.

Vegetated marshplains take longer to develop in higher energy environments

(Williams, 2001)

TIDAL MARSH EVOLUTION MODEL S

CIEN

TIFI

C AN

ALYS

IS

TARGET FORAGING HABITAT

13

OOO

O

O

2

2

2

2

2

O

O2

N N

NN

NN

RED TIDE

Hakata Bay is plagued with Red Tides, a condi on in which Nitrogen runoff from land development leads to abnormally big algal blooms in water bodies. When those algal blooms die, their decomposi on process takes oxygen out of surrounding water, crea ng ‘dead zones.’

Take Home : Design for Wild Bird Park a empts to minimize Red Tide by maximizing dal exchange.

SCI

ENTI

FIC

ANAL

YSIS

OOO

O

O

2

2

2

2

2

N N

NN

NN

14

Mudfl ats in Hakata Bay also provide habitat for the Common Shelduck, Eurasian Curlew, Great Knot, Common Greenshank, Red-necked S nt, Common Ringed Plover, Li le S nt and may others. The Wild Bird Park will also a ract these species and birdwatching tourists who come to see them.

Feeding

100m scare distance from humans

200m scare distance from humans

OPEN SPACE FOR RAPID PREDATOR ESCAPE

OPEN VIEW FOR EARLY PREDATOR DISCOVERY

Grey Heron Year-round

Black-faced SpoonbillWinter Visitor

Saunder’s GullWinter Visitor

APE

GRASSY UPLAND

GRAVEL LEVEE TOP

TIDAL MARSH

SUBTIDAL / DEEP WATER

TIDAL MUDFLAT

DunlinYear-round

Snowy PloverYear-round

High TideMean Tide

Low Tide

BIRD GEOMETRIES S

CIEN

TIFI

C AN

ALYS

IS

15

Our design suitability process........

DESIGN PROCESS W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GN

Choose Design Op ons

Evaluate Physical Structure Stability

Evaluate Available Habitat

16

pland

dal Marsh

dal Mudflat

btidal

Ecological Zones

Ecological Zones

WETLAND DESIGN: Ini al Alterna ves W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GN

Upland Tidal Marsh Tidal Mudfl atSub dal




Open Alterna ves

Closed Alterna ves

17

Ecological Zones Habitat spaces

Closed Alterna ves W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GN



Benefi tsVariety of bird habitats

ConcernsLimited feeding

ConcernsSmaller mudfl at areaReduced dal mixing

ConcernsSmaller mudfl at areaReduced dal mixing

Benefi tsBe er sediment reten on

Benefi tsBe er sediment reten on

Benefi tsLarge spoonbill roos ng

Dunlin Feeding, Plover Feeding and Roos ng

Dunlin Roos ng Spoonbill FeedingSpoonbill Roos ng


Dunlin Roos ng Spoonbill FeedingSpoonbill Roos ng

ConcernsLimited feeding

18

Ecological Zones Habitat spaces

pland

dal Marsh

dal Mudflat

btidal

Open Alterna ves W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GN


Benefi tsLarge mudfl at areaTidal Mixing

ConcernsPoten al sediment loss


Benefi tsLarge mudfl at areaTidal Mixing

ConcernsPoten al sediment loss

Benefi tsLarge spoonbill feeding

ConcernsLimited roos ng

ConcernsNo roos ng

Benefi tsLarge spoonbill feeding


Spoonbill Feeding


Spoonbill FeedingDunlin Roos ng

19

pland

dal Marsh

dal Mudflat

btidal

Ini al Alterna ves Key Points W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GN

Larger mudfl at areaMore dal water mixingUpland area near peopleLarger poten al sediment loss

Smaller mudfl at areaLess dal water mixing

Upland area away from peopleSmaller poten al sediment loss

Large mudfl at areaSmall poten al sediment lossLots of dal water mixingUpland area away from people

Op mal Condi ons

Closed Condi onsOpen Condi ons

20 W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GNANALOG PROJECT: Johnson’s Landing - Hayward, CA

SAN FRANCISCO

SAN MATEO BRIDGE

BERKELEY

92

JOHNSON’S JOHNSON’S LANDINGLANDING

PACIFIC OCEAN

SAN FRANCISCO BAY

NORTH BREACH

SOUTH BREACH

21 W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GNANALOG PROJECT: Johnson’s Landing - Hayward, CA

250 m

100 m

16-HECTARE ISLAND CITY

WILD BIRD PARK FOR SCALE

COMPARISON

• LEVEE’S BREACHED IN 1980

• ONE OF FIRST LEVEE BREACH RESTORATION PROJECTS IN SF BAY

• LARGER OPENINGS THAN CONTEMPORARY SALT MARSH

• PROJECTS FOCUSED ON VEGETATED TIDAL MARSH AS OPPOSED TO TIDAL MUDFLAT

• NO SIGNIFICANT FRESHWATER INPUT (SOME STORM DRAIN INPUT)

• SIMILAR “PERCHED” BREACH

• SIMILAR TIDAL RANGE TO HAKATA BAY

ANALOG PROJECT: Johnson’s Landing - Hayward, CA 22 W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GN

250 m

100 m

PREVAILING WIND / WAVE

DIRECTION

INTERTIDAL MUDFLAT

VEGETATED TIDAL MARSH

ANALOG PROJECT: Johnson’s Landing - Hayward, CA

JOHNSON’S LANDING

ORO LOMA MARSHSMALL BREACH EXAMPLE

(JUST NORTH OF JOHNSON’S LANDING)

23 W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GN

20 m

PREVAILING WIND / WAVE

DIRECTION

SMALL BREACH MINIMIZES WAVE ENERGY, LIMITS

MUDFLAT HABITAT


NORTH BREACH

250 m

10 HECTARESOF MUDFLAT ARE

SUSTAINED AT THE NORTH BREACH SITE

24 W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GN

BREACHED LEVEE REMNANTS

INTERTIDAL MUDFLAT



SOUTH BREACH

100 m

23 HECTARES(2 HECTARES MUDFLAT)

2 HECTARESOF MUDFLAT ARE

SUSTAINED AT THE SOUTH BREACH.

THE SMALLER BREACH RESULTED IN FAR LESS SUSTAINED MUDFLAT

25 W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GN

INTERTIDAL MUDFLAT


WIND FETCH COMPARISON26 W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GN

JOHNSON’S LANDING ISLAND CITY

21 km 1.3 km

AVG. WIND SPEED7 knots 8 knots

prevailing wind - 7 knots avg.

prevailing wind,

8 knots average

WIND DIRECTION WIND DIRECTION

Wind Fetch = Distance of water over which wind travels

LARGER FETCH = LARGE WAVES

TAKE HOME: There will be less wave energy at Island City than Johnson’s Landing. A large breach will be

required to maintain signifi cant mudfl at.

DESIGN CONCLUSIONS27 W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GN

Through analysis of data, site condi ons, expert opinion, and comparison with Johnnson’s landing, we concluded that a single breach of 200 meters oriented towards prevailing wind and wave direc on would be the best design approach.

Doing so maximizes dal prism and ensures suffi cient exposure to wave energy to provide target foraging habitat while protec ng against dal scour.

28

UplandTidal Marsh

100m

3.5m

3.5m

3.5m

3m

3m

2.5m

2.5m

2m

2m

1.5m

1.5m

1m

1m

0.5m

200m

MLLW

Mean Tide

MHHW

Total grading volume: 360,000 m3 below an assumed eleva on of 4m.

WETLAND GRADING PLAN W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GN

A A’

29 LEVEE BREACH DETAILS W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GN

A A’

200M BREACH ORIENTED TOWARDS PREVAILING WINDS

LARGE OPENING TO ALLOW WAVE ENERGY TO SUSTAIN MUDFLAT FORAGING HABITAT

SINGLE BREACH MAXIMIZES TIDAL PRISM

NOT TO SCALE

30 H : 1 V

20 H: 1V

- 0.5 m

- 3 m

4m

A A’

2H:1V

MTL (1.1m)

MLLW (0.07m)

-3 m

--.5 m

3 m

LOWER EXISTING SEAWALL

30 LEVEE BREACH DETAILS W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GN

A

A’

INTERTIDAL MUDFLAT VEGETATED MARSH UPLAND

FILL BASE OF SEAWALL WITH CONCRETE RUBBLE FROM BREACHED PORTION

UplandTidal Marsh

3.5m

3.5mm

3.5mm

3m

3m

2.5m

2.5m

2m

2m2m

1.5m

1.5m

1m

1m1m1m

0.5mm

200m

MLLWW

Mean Tide

Mean

TideM

HH

WM

HH

W

31

Mean Lower Low Water Mean Tide Level Mean Higher High Water

Mudfl at provides feeding habitat. Dunlins, Plovers, and Gulls feed above de line. Spoonbills and Herons feed in shallow water.

Grassy high ground provides refuge for birds during high des. Dunlins will nest in this

area. Plovers will nest on gravel maintenance road on top of levee.

Gradual slope up to human areas creates a natural dal fl at edge, allows for mudfl at to climb with sea level rise.

Tidal marsh extending to levee wall helps deter human access onto bird refuge area.

WETLAND PLAN: Tide Levels and Bird Use W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GN

32

Spoonbill Roosting

Spoonbill Feeding

Dunlin Roosting

Grey Heron Feeding

Dunlin Feeding, Plover and Gull Feeding and Roosting

100m scare distance

200m scare distance

100m

WETLAND PLAN - Bird Geometries W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GN

33

200m

scar

e di

stanc

e

100m

scar

e di

stanc

e100m

Grassy Upland

Tidal Marsh

Island City

Feeding

Hakata Bay



DunlinYear-round


Saunder’s GullWinter Visitor

3.5mm

0.5mm

200m

MLLWW

Mean Tide

Mean Tide

A’

A A’

A

EAST-WEST SECTION - Habitats and Bird Geometries W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GN

34

200m

scar

e dist

ance

100m

scar

e dist

ance



DunlinYear-round


Island CityHakata Bay

100m

Grassy Upland

Tidal Marsh

Feeding

Saunder’s Gull

3.5mm

0.5mm

200m

MLLWW

Mean Tide

Mean Tide

A

A A’A’

NORTH-SOUTH SECTION - Habitats and Bird Geometries W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GN

DESIGN CAVEATS35 W

ETLA

ND

DESI

GN

Sedimenta on rates in Hakata Bay should be determined to assess the feasibility of wetland design.• Design is intended to be self-sustaining, but addi onal

maintainance due to the rela vely new nature of this type of wetland design. Unforseen events (e.g. typhoon) should also be an cipated.

Pioneer dal wetland vegeta on species for the region should be determined to predict coloniza on that will occur.• Vegeta on maintenance may be required if unwanted

vegeta on types or species (e.g. trees, invasives) establish in the high de retreat area.

36

Island City’s Wild Bird Park anchors a vibrant zone of recrea on, commerce, residences, and environmental educa on. The Wild Bird Park Tower is a focal point for the island, off ering stunning views of natural bird habitat, Hakata Bay, and the mountains beyond. Land use

Dense Residen alMedium Residen alMixed-UseGreenway/Recrea onResearch/Mixed-UseIndustrial/PortPort

HUMAN INTERFACE DESIGN H

UM

AN IN

TERF

ACE

37HU

MAN

INTE

RFAC

EHUMAN INTERFACE DESIGN

Circula on

38HU

MAN

INTE

RFAC

EHUMAN INTERFACE DESIGN

View analysis

39

Biotopes

Educa onal center

Community CenterWetland habitat (16 ha)

Bird Park Parking

View Tower Bird Park pick-up/drop-off

Linear Rain Garden

Hike/Bike Picnic viewpoints

Wetland protec on fence

Residen al

Mixed use

Hike/Bike Trail

Hike/Bike TrailGreenbelt toCentral Park

Duck Pond

MASTER PLAN H

UM

AN IN

TERF

ACE

100m

40

Plan

A A’

Global Context

Foodweb Tightropes

Fishing Flats

Shrinking Habitat

Wetland View

Wetland View

Bay View

Parking

VISI

TOR

CEN

TER

VISI

TOR

CEN

TER

Parking

Traffi cPick-up/Drop-off

Sec on

A

A’

AREA A: Biotopes H

UM

AN IN

TERF

ACE

100m

41

Interac ve, entertaining educa onal experience. Designed to complement more formal exhibits in the visitor center.

AREA A: Biotopes H

UM

AN IN

TERF

ACE

Biotope 1: HAKATA BAY IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT• Map on ground shows migratory bird routes.

Biotope 2: MODEL TIDAL MUDFLAT AND WETLAND• Scale model of a dal mudfl at and wetland, ar fi cial de ac on demonstrates high

des every 10 minutes.

Biotope 6: WHAT YOU CAN DO• Contempla ve area with signage sugges ng what ci zens can do to help wild birds.

Biotope 5: SHRINKING MUDFLATS • As visitors walk through, a city will gradually encroach on mudfl at walking area

un l there is nothing le . • Light-up map shows current and historic mudfl ats.

Biotope 4: EAT LIKE A SPOONBILL• Visitors provided with Spoonbill “beaks” that fi t over hands, fi sh for fake shrimp in a

series of mudfl ats.

Biotope 3: HAKATA BAY FOOD WEB TIGHTROPES• Walk the ghtropes and understand how every species in the bay is interconnected

42 AREA A: BiotopesFoodweb Tightropes

Feeding Flats

HU

MAN

INTE

RFAC

E

43 AREA A: Educa onal Center and Biotopes H

UM

AN IN

TERF

ACE

Biotope AreaCafe Sea ngView Tower

44

Parking

VISI

TOR

CENT

ERVI

SITO

R CE

NTER

Parking

Rain water enters greenway from surrounding areas

Water fi ltered & transported in linear rain garden

Water enters duck habitat pond

Water leaves pond through linear rain garden

Water used to irrigate biotopes

Water enters exis ng stormwater system via storm pipe

RAIN WATER USE H

UM

AN IN

TERF

ACE

Plan

100m

45

Plan

B

B B’

B’

Sec on

AREA B: Residen al & Recrea on H

UM

AN IN

TERF

ACE

label

100m

46 AREA B: Residen al & Recrea on H

UM

AN IN

TERF

ACE

Wetland Picnic & Lookout Bike Path Residence

View from Trail Lookout Point

View NW from Hike/Bike Trail

Transparent fence buff er

47 CONCLUSIONS

Tidal Marsh Dynamics

CO

NCL

USI

ON

S

Wetland designed to maximize natural processes for minimal human interven on. It is unclear if more management will be necessary. Wetland areas should be monitored to assess future management needs.

A range of dal mudfl at, dal marsh, and upland areas provide habitat for a variety of wild bird species. Some maintenance may be required to keep upland vegeta on short and suitable for wild bird roos ng and nes ng habitat.

Human interface elements are designed to maximize environmental educa on opportuni es, as well as passive and ac ve recrea on ac vies.

Tidal Marsh Dynamics

Habitat

Human Engagement

48 BIBLIOGRAPHY C

ON

CLU

SIO

NS

Davis R., Fitzgerald D., 2004, Beaches and Coasts, Blackwell Science Ltd

Fukuoka City, Port and Harbor Bureau. 2008 Island City Project Outline.

Furusho, Kensaku and Yusaku Kyozuka,. 2001. Numerical Study on Simula on of Tidal Exchange of Hakata Bay. Proceedings of the Eleventh (2001) Interna onal Off shore and Polar Engineering Conference. Stavanger, Nor-way, June 17-22, 2001.

Massey, Joseph A., A Field guide to the birds of Japan. Tokyo: Wild Bird Society of Japan, 1982.

Shen, Yongming, Komatsu Toshimitsu and Naoko Kohasi. 2000. A three-dimensional numerical model of hydro-dynamics and water quality in Hakata Bay. Ocean Engineering 29 2002 461 – 473

Williams, Phillip and Michelle Orr. 2002. Physical Evolu on of Restored Breached Levee Salt Marshes in the San Francisco Bay Estuary. Restora on Ecology Vol. 10 No. 3, pp. 527–542.

Yanagi, Tetsuo and Goh Onitsuka. 2000. Seasonal Varia on in Lower Trophic Level Ecosystem of Hakata Bay, Japan. Journal of Oceanography, Vol. 56, pp. 233—243.

Yanagi, Tetsuo. 1999. Seasonal Varia ons in Nutrient Budgets of Hakata Bay, Japan Journal of Oceanography, Vol. 55, pp. 439 to 448.

h p://www.birdlife.org : BirdLife Interna onal (2012) IUCN Red List for birds

h p://bna.birds.cornell.edu

h p://www.japanbirdwatching.com/regions/overview/Fukuoka

49

I CW B P

Special acknowledgements to:

Randy Hester, Marcia McNally, Phil Williams, Derek Schubert, Fiona Cundy, Yoonju Chang, SAVE Interna onal, Ma Kondolf, Kelly Janes, Kenjiro Kito, Port of Fukuoka, Darryl Jones, Hisashi Shibata, Matsumoto

iÝ½ Ä c®ãù , mariana chavez, daniela peña corvillon, b p...1.5m 1.5m 1m 1m 0.5m m z 200m w w...

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