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CMBUkTI9³ kargarsrésEdk REINFORCEMENT WORKS

1> lkçN³lMnaM]sSahkmμ nig EbgEckRbePTEdksMNg; THE CHARACTERISTIC OF INDUSTRY AND STEEL CLASSIFICATION

kargarsrésEdk KWmYykñúgbI ExSbBa¢Ún (ASSEMBLY LINE) ¬ExScgVak;¦ lMnaM]sSahkmμ sagsg;ebtugsrésEdkcak;enAkEnøg. CaFmμtakargarsrésEdk edIreRkaykargarBum< b:uEnþenAGaRs½yeTAnigRbePTeRKOgbgÁúMsMNg; nig viFIsaRsþbec©keTs EdlExSbBa¢Ún srésEdkedIrmun/ b¤dak;bBa©ÚlCamYyBum<. ExSbBa¢ÚnsrésEdk rYmmanbNþadMNak;kal³ yksrésEdkBIXøaMg/ tRmg;/ BRgwgRtCak;/ vas;/ kat;/ Bt;/ t/ dak;cUlBum<. bNþalMnaM TaMgenH GaceRbIR)as;ynþkmμ 50° ebIsagsg;eRKOgenAkEnøg/ kñúgkarcab;pÁúMtMeLIgGac eRbIynþkmμrhUtdl; 90° brimaNkargar.

ExSbBa¢ÚnlMnaM]sSahkmμkargarsrésEdk RtUv)anbgðajtamry³DIya:RkamrUbPaB (>!.

plitplrbs;kargarsrésEdkrYmman r)aEdk/ sMNaj;Edk/ eRKagbøg;/ eRKaglMh >>>. rUbPaB (>@.

EdkeRbIkñúgeRKOgbgÁúMsMNg;ebtugsrésEdk rYmmaneRcInRbePT ebIemIlrUbPaBkarvicx©b; dwkCBa¢Ún manEdkmUr/ ¬Fm μta mm10≤φ ¦ Edkr)a ¬ manRbEvgBI 6 ÷12 m / Ggát;p©wt mm10≥φ ¦. eTAtamrUbragmuxkat;manEdkmUl nig EdksNæan ¬L, U, I,...¦ kñúgEdkmUl eyageTAnigGgát;p©wt eKEckCaRbePTRsal/

mm14≤φ / RbePTF¶n; mm4014 pp φ / RbePTF¶n;xøaMg mm40≥φ /

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RbePTenHCYbtictYckñúgsMNg;sIuvil nig ]sSahkmμ. eKenA EbgEckCa Edkrelag/ EdkfñaMg. Fm μtarelag b¤ fñaMg bgðajBIkMritFn;rbs;Edk.

eyageTAtamPaBFn;/ srésEdkenA)anEckCaRkumtamkMritFn;KNna Rkum AI man Ra = 2100 kG/cm²;

Rkum AII man Ra = 2700 kG/cm²;

Rkum AIII man

Ra = 3600 kG/cm²; nig RkumkMritFn;x<s;eRbIeFIVCasrésRBIRsIs C1, C2, C3 .

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XøaMg ¬sMPar³¦ EdkmUr Edkr)a

tRmg; BRgwg pSarP¢ab;tRmg;

vas;/ kat;

Bt; eFIVTMBk;

pSar/ cg

BRgwg

vas;/ kat;

Bt;/ eFIVrag

pSareRKag

XøaMgsrésEdkplitpl

rUbPaB (>! DIya:RkamlMnaM]sSahkmμplitkmμsrésEdk

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rUbPaB (>@ srésEdk

a,b) sMNaj;Edk/ c,d) eRKagbøg;/ e) Edkr)a/ g,h,i) eRKaglMh

eyageTAtamtYnaTIeFIVkarrbs;r)animYy² enAEbgEckCa EdkrgkMlaMg/ EdktMeLIg/ EdkbRmug/ srésEdk Fmμta b¤ srésEdk RBIRsIs.

2> RBgwgsrésEdk (CONSOLIDATE THE REINFORCEMENT)

BRgwg KWeFIVeGayEdkekInPaBFn;rgkMlaMg. BRgwgmaneRcInviFIsaRsþ b:uEnþenAemeronenH eyIgRKan;Et pþl;nUvviFIsaRsþBRgwgRtCak;.

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BRgwgRtCak;KWeFIVeGayekInkMritFn;rgkMlaMgrbs;srésEdk EdlmineRbIR)as;kMedA.

viFIBRgwgRtCak; GaRs½yeTAniglkçN³rbs;Edk³ eGayr)aEdkrgkMlaMg elIsEdnkMNt; PaBtwg Tensile Strenght eyIgTTYl)anr)aEdkfIμ manEdnkMNt;PaByWt Elastic Limit ekIneLIg/ CalT§plsrésEdkmanPaBFn; ¬b¤ kMritFn;¦ elIsBImun ¬rUbPaB (>#¦.

rUbPaB (># DIya:RkameFIVkarrbs;r)aEdk- vIFIBRgwgRtCak;

! – RkhiVkeBlminTan;BRgwg/ @ - eBl)anBRgwg.

elIrUbPaB (># eyIgeXIjr)aEdkeRkayeBl BRgwgmantarageFIVkargar @ man 'cσ nig 'R FMCag cσ nig R rbs;vamuneBlBRgwg. BRgwgRtCak;srésEdk GacGnuvtþn_

)aneRcInviFI. kúñgplitkmμCak;Esþg eyIg]sSah_ eRbIviFIsaRsþTajRtCak;/ bBa©úHRtCat;/ TajbRgYm>>>> BYkvagayRsYlGnuvtþ nig )anlT§pll¥. BRgwgeFIVeGayPaBFn;rbs;Edk ekIneLIg Gac BI !>& - !>* dg/ b:uEnþkñúgCak;Esþg eKRKan;EtbegáInPaBFn; eLIg #0° eBlenaH kMrityIt Stretch KW #-*°/

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eFIVeGayekInkMritetagebtugRbhak;RbEhlBIdg. BRgwg EtgGnuvtþsMrab;EdkRkum AI,

AII nig AIII mYycMnYn.

1> BRgwgsrésEdkedayTajRtCak; (Consolidate The Reinforcement With Cold Pulling )

enaHKW viFIsaRsþBRgwg edaybegáItbMErbMrYlr)aEdkedayTaj/ r)aEdkrgnUvPaByWt RbmaN #-*°/ kMritrgkMlaMgekIneLIg @0 - #0 °. enHKWCaviFIsaRsþBRgwg gayRsYlbMput/ DIya:RkameFIVkargarrbs;va RtUv)anbgðajelIrUbPaB (>$/ Gnuvtþ CamYysrésEdkmanGgát;p©wttUcCag 22 mm .

rUbPaB (>$ DIya:RkamTajRtCat; ³ ! – r)aEdkRtUvBRgwg/ @ - Pulling Flatform/

# - Fixed Flatform/ $ - Rbdab;Taj Winch/ % - TMgn; Counterpoise.

2> BRgwgsrésEdkedaybBa©úHRtCak; (Consolidate The Reinforcement With Cold Bang)

r)aEdkRtUv)anBRgwg edayviFIsaRsþ begáItbMErbMrYl edaybBa©úHRtCat;. r)aEdkRtUv bBa©úHminesμIRCug (Irregular) BI BIr b£ bYnmux. lT§plrbs;karbBa©úHRtCak; bgðayedaynTisSn_bMErbMrYl (Deformation Factor) edaybBa©úH ( )δ KNna tamrUbmnþ (>! ³

%100.φ

φδ d−= ¬(>!¦

kñúgenaH ³ φ - Ggát;p©itr)aEdkmuneBlbBa©úH/

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d - Ggát;p©itr)aEdkeRkayeBlbBa©úH/ rUbPaB (>%.

rUbPaB (>% r)aEdkbBa©úHRtCak;

a – muxkat;TTwgr)aEdk/ b – bBa©úHmux $/ c – bBa©úHmux @.

bBa©úHRtCak; minRtwmEteFIVeGayekInb:ueNÑaHeT ehIyEfmTaMg eFIVeGaykMritetag rvagsrésEdk nig ebtug ekIneLIgeTotpg. CaFmμtaeKbBa©úHCamYy

%14%10 +=δ enaHr)aEdk nwgyWt $ - &°/ PaBFn;ekIneLIg @%° nig kMritetagCamYyebtugekIneLIg !>& - @>$ dg.

bBa©úHRtCat;smRsbNas; CamYymUldæanplitkm μ EdlmaneragCagCMnajBRgwg. maneBlxøH eBlGñkplitEdk)anbBa©úHRtCak;Pøam eRkayeBlplitPøam. bBa©úH

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RtCak;gay)ak; dUcenHGnuvtþn_)anEtEdkRkum AI. viFIsaRsþrbs;ma:sIunbBa©úHRtCak; RtUv)anbgðajelIrUbPaB (>^.

rUbPaB (>^ viFIsaRsþma:sIunbBa©úHRtCak;

a - RkahiVklT§pltambBa©úHRtCak; / b - ma:sIunbBaú©Hmux @/ c - ma:sIunbBa©úHmux $/

1) d = 6 ~ 10 mm, 2) d = 12 ~ 16 mm, 3) d = 18 ~ 20 .

3> BRgwgEdkedayTajbRgYmRtCat; (Polishing Consolidate)

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r)aEdkRtUv)anBRgwgedaybMErbMrYl eBlRtUv)anTajRtCak;tamrun§tUcCaGgát;p©it r)aEdk . rUbPaB (>& .

muneBlTajbRgYm r)aEdkmanGgát;p©itKW φ / eRkayeBlecjBIrun§bRgYmGgát;p©itKW . niTsSn_bMErbMrYl bgðajedayPaBERbRbYl muxkat;r)aEdk d ( )FΔ

RtUv)anKNna tamrUbmnþ (>@ ³

%100.0

0

FFF

F−

=Δ ¬(>@¦

kñúgenaH ³ F0, F – épÞmuxkat;r)aEdk mun nig eRkayTajbRgYm. CaFmμtaeKTajbRgYmCamYynig FΔ BI !0 - @0° KWsrésEdkyWtRbmaN @0°. viFIsaRsþTajbRgYm eRbIEtcMeBaHRkumEdk C1 / C2 CamYyGgát;p©it . mm10≤

rUbPaB ³ (>& vIFIsaRsþTajbRgYmr)aEdk.

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3> Ekécñeday tRmg;/ vas;/ kat;/ Bt; srésEdk (Strech, Measoure,

Cut, Hook and Bend Process) srésEdkTTYlmkBI karEkécñ køayCasrésEdkrbs;bNþaeRKOgbgÁMú ebtugsrésEdk EtgRtUvqøgkat;bNþaeragEkécñ ³ tRmg;/ vas;/ kat; nig Bt; eTAtamkarKNna. kartRmg; EtgRtUvGnuvtþmun eRBaHvaman\Ti§Bl dl;bNþakarEkécñbnþbnÞab;eTot. Edk)antRmg; enaHkúñg eRKOgbgÁúMeFIVkargareTIbl¥. tRmg;mun enaHkargar vas;/ kat;/ Bt; eTIbc,as;las; / BiessCamYyEdkkg. EdkfñaMg ebIEfTaM)anl¥ (Good Maintain) kñúgkardwkCBa¢Ún nig dak;XøaMg enaHesIÞEtTaMgGs; min)ac;tRmg;. tRmg;GacGnuvtþedayBlkmμ b:uEnþRKan;Et smmUlRtg;. cMeBaHsrésEdkkg ( mm10≤φ ) l¥bMputeRbIdUy/ eBlmanTIlansagsg; TUlay. kñúgeragCag b¤ kñúgeragcRk eKeRbIma:sIunBt;. viFIsaRsþBt; KWeGayr)asrés Edk rt;tamRbB½n§ekALak; (Pulley)/ EdkRtUv)antRmg;CabeNIþr² BIekageTARtg;. eBlr)asrésEdk)anRtg; eyIgkat;Edk tamxñatKNna. muneBlkat;r)asrésEdk RtUvvas; nig KUssBaØacMNaM. eBlvas;RtUvRby½tñ dkecjkMritekag ebIr)asrésEdk)an Bt;. kat;GacGnuvtþ edayéd/ ebI mm8≤φ kat;edaykéRnþ/ ebIFMCageRbIdgáab;kat; ( mm18≤ )φ / eBlGgát;FMCag BiessEdkRkum RBIRsIs enaHRtUveRbIkaMpSaredIm,Ikat;. kñúgbNþaeragCagGackat;EdkedayEpøkat;. kat;ma:sIunGnuvtþenAeragcRk edayma:sIun RbePTGaceRbI)aneRcInya:g b¤ EtmYyya:g.

elIrUbPaB (>* KUsDIya:RkambMerIbMra:s;ma:sIun tRmg;/ vas;/ kat; edaysV½yRbvtþicMeBaH Edkkg. eBlrt;tamma:sIun srésEdk/ eRcHnwgrbkGs; mincaM)ac;sMGatebIeRbIPøam/

vas;

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rUbPaB (>* viFIsaRsþma:sIunékécñEdkkg sV½yRbvtþi.

smßPaB – P rbs;ma:sIun KNnatamrUbmnþ ³

[ hkGqnDP /....60

kat;

]π= ¬(>#¦

kñúgenaH ³ D – Ggát;pi©tKUrekALak;/

n – cMnYnCMuvilrbs;ekALak;kñúgmYynaTI/

q – TMgn; 1 Em:Rt RbEvgEdkEkécñ/ kG.

eRkaydMNak;kalkat; KWdl;dMNak;kalBt;srésEdk. Bt; edIm,Ir)asrésEdkman rUbrag RtUvnigrUbragrbs;vakñúgeRKOgbgÁúMsMNg;. srésEdkkñúgeRKOgbgÁúMsMNg; ebtug srésEdk EtgCYbRbTHbNþasNæan³ Bt;f<k; ¬!*00¦/ Bt;bUkeKa ¬$%0¦/ Bt;Ekg ¬(00¦. Bt;f<k; )anEtcMeBaHsrésEdkmUlrelag. Bt;srésEdkk¾GaceRbIeday Blkmμ b¤edayma:sIun. cg;Bt;)an r)asrésEdkRtUvman qwñgTb; (Holding Bolt) edIm,Ir)asrésEdk enAes¶óm/ qñwgefr (Fixed Bolt) eFIVcMNucdMu (Spleen) edIm,IBt;r)asrésEdk nig qñwgcl½t (Mobile Bolt) edIm,ITajsrésEdkCMuvijqñwgefr. elIrUbPaB (>( KWCaDIya:RkamBt;Edk nig tYnaTIsrésEdk. eBlBt;edayBlkmμ

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eKGacCMnYqñwgcl½tedaybMBg;Edk edIm,IbgVilsrésEdkCMuvijqñwgefr.

rUbPaB (>( ³ a) Bt;Ekg/ b) Bt;bUkeKa/ ! – srésEdkBt;/

@ - qñwgTb;/ #- qñwgefr/

I, II – TItaMgrbs;qñwgcl½t ¬qñwgBt;¦.

eBlBt;sMNaj;Edk enaHRtUvmantY nig bnÞHBt; ¬rUbPaB (>!0¦.

rUbPaB (>!0> Bt;sMNaj;Edk ³ !-tYma:sIun/ @-bnÞHBt;/ #-sMNaj;Edk/ dUjéhRtUlik

4> tMNsrésEdk WELDED OR LAPPED REINFORCEMENT

srésEdkkñúgeRKOgbgÁMúebtugsrésEdk GacttamBIrviFI ³ tMNcg (Binding or Ties) ¬cMNgesIm wetting bond¦ nig tpSar (Welding) ¬cMNgs¶Üt Dry bond¦.

tMNsrésEdkRtUvFanakarbBa¢ÚnkMlaMgBIr)aenH bnþeTAr)asrésEdkPa¢b;eTot/ kMritrg klaMgrbs;eRKOgbgÁúMRtg;kEnøgtMNsrésEdk RtUvsmmUlCamYynigkEnøgEdl minmansrésEdkt.

1> tMNcg (Bind)

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r)aEdkBIrP¢ab;edaydak;elIKña/ eRbIsrésEdkTn; 1 mm cgenAbIcMNuc/ eRkaymk cak;ebtugRKbCit køayCaEdk. tMNRtUv)anEfTaM nig rkSa minRtUv)anrgrMj½r/ vaRKan;rgkMlaMgenAeBlEdlebtugsMerc)ankMritrwgmaMgtamKNna. eBlP¢ab;srés Edk RtUvykcitþTukdak; RbEvgtMN ¬kMNat;srésEdkCan;Kña¦ RtUvFanakMritRbEvg Gb,brma. Cak;EsþgKW ³

a) RbEvgkMNat;KgKña rbs;EdkrgkMlaMg kñúgbNþaeRKag nig sMNaj;srésEdk minRtUv)antUcCag 250 mm cMeBaHEdkrgnUvkMlaMgTaj nig minRtUv)an tUcCag 200 mm cMeBaHsrésEdkrgbnÞúksgát;.

b) eBlP¢ab;srésEdk enAtMbn;rgbnÞúkTaj RtUvBt;f<k; cMeBaHEdkrelag/ srésEdkfñaMmincaM)ac;Bt;f<k;.

RbEvgtMNRtUv)ankMNt;tamtarag (>!.

tarag (>!

RbEvgtMNcgsrésEdk

RbEvgtMN

tMbn;rgbnÞúkTaj tMbn;rgbnÞúksgát; RbePTsrésEdk

FñwmCBa¢aMg eRKOgbgÁúMepSg manTMBk; minmanTMBk;

srésEdkmUlrelag 40d 30d 20d 30d

srésEdkekþAfñaMg 40d 30d - 20d

srésEdkTajRtCak; 45d 35d 20d 30d

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c) viFIsaRsþtP¢ab;Gnuvtþn_EtcMeBaH srésEdkmanGgát;p©ittUcCag 16 mm .

d) elImuxkat;TTwgnimYy²/ cMnYncMNgminelIs @%° cMeBaHsrésEdkrelag nig %0° cMeBaHsrésEdkfñaMg.

tMNcggayGnuvtþ b:uEnþRtUvrg;caM ry³eBlsMerckMritrwgmaM rbs;ebtug dUcenHeRbIR)as;tic BiesscMeBaHeRKOgbgÁúMQr/ eRbIeRcIncMeBaHeRKOgbgÁúMepþk dUcFñwm/ kMralx½NÐ/ RKwH >>>.

2> tMNpSar (Welder)

srésEdktedayviFIsaRsþpSar manlT§PaBrgkMlaMgPøam edayehtuenHRtUv)an eRbIR)as;TUlMTUlay/ BiessCamYysrésEdkFM². cMeBaHsrésEdkmanGgát;p©itFM Cag 16 mm/ tMNpSarRtUvEtGnuvtþ. GaRs½yeTAniglMnaM]sSahkmμpSar/ eKEckCa viFIsaRsþpSarbIsMxan;³ pSardak;KgKña (Pointing of Contact Welder)/ pSarTl;mux (Confrontational Welder)/ pSarkaMGKÁIsnI (Electric arc Welder)/ bNþakarpSar xagelIsuT§EtRtUveRbIbnÞúkGKÁIsnI bMElgCafamBlkMekA (Calorific Energy)/ edIm,IpSar. kMedAGKÁIsnIrbs; crnþGKÁIsnI (Electric Current)/ pSar KNnatamrUbmnþ ¬(>$¦.

¬(>$¦ RtIQ 2.61,3=

kñúgenaH ³ R – er:sIusþg;GKÁIsnI (Electric Resistance), (Ω)/

I – GaMgtg;sIuetcrnþGKÁIsnI (Intensity of Electric Current), (A) /

t – ry³eBlpSar/ (Welding Time)/ (h).

2>1> karpSardak;KgKña

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viFIsaRsþrbs;karpSardak;;KgKña bgðajelIrUbPaB (>!!. GKÁIsnIRtUvbnßysMBaF edaybMElg ¬ma:sIunpSar Tr ¦BI (380 V)/ cuHmk (3 –

9 V). r)arEdkBIr (C1 – C2) RtUvdak;P¢ab;Kña Rtg;cMNucEdlRtUvpSar nig RtUv)aneKobrvagb:UlBIr rbs;ma:sIunpSar ¬! nig @¦. crnþTIBIrrbs;ma:sIunpSarRtUv)andak;cUl rvagb:UlTaMgBIrrbs;ma:sIunpSar ! nig @ rbs;ma:sIun. eBlesoKVIbiT (Close Circuit)/ crnþGKIÁsnI nig RtUvqøgkat;b:UlTaMgBIr nig r)arEdkTaMgBIr pSareFIVeGay EdkeqHRkhmeLIg/ eRbIkMlaMgxøaMgmYy eKobb:UlTaMgBIrpSar P¢ab;Kña eFIVeGayr)arEdkTaMgBIrcgsm<½n§CamYyKñaenARtg;cMNucKgKña.

er:sIusþg;sMxan;rbs; RbB½n§pSar KWRtg;cMNgpSar/ vaRtUv)anKNnatamrUbmnþ ¬(>%¦ ¬emIlrUbPaB (>!! b¦³

54321 RRRRRR ++++= ¬(>%¦

kñúgenaH ³ R– er:sIusþgpSar (Ω)/

R1, R2 – er:sIusþgRtg;cMNucKgpÞal;rbs;b:Ul nig r)arEdk (Ω)/

R3, R4 – er:sIusþg;rbs;r)arEdkTaMgBIr (Ω)/

R5 – er:sIusþgRtg;cMNucKgpÞal;rvagr)arEdkTaMgBIr (Ω)/

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rUbPaB (>!! vIFIsaRsþpSarKgKña/ Tr -ma:sIunbMElg/ 1, 2 –

b:UlTaMgBIrrbs;ma:sIunpSar/ C1, C2 –r)arEdkTaMgBIrEdlRtUv)anpSar.

pSarKgKñamanrebobBIrpSar ³ pSarrwg eRbIsMrab;EdkTn; (Mild Steel)/ eRbIR)as; crnþGKÁIsnI (I < 300.106 A/m2)/ ry³eBlpSarxøI (t= 0,01 ~ 0,5

s). pSarTn; eRbIsMrab;Edkrwg (Hard Steel)/ crnþGKÁIsnIexüayCag (I <

160.106 A/m2)/ ry³eBlpSaryUrCag (t= 0,5 ~ 4 s). pSardak;KgKña EtgeRbIpSarCasMNaj;/ eRKag CamYynig srésEdkmanGgát;p©wt (d ≤ 10

mm). RbePTma:sIunenH maneRcInRbePT RbePTmanb:UlmYycl½t eRbIedIm,IpSareRKaglMh/ RbePT manb:UleRcInmincl½t)an eRbIedIm,IpSarsMNaj;. eK)anEkécñ bNþaRbePT ma:sIunpSarsV½yRbvtiþ. elIrUbPaB (>!@ bgðajnUvviFIsaRsþ pSardak;Kg sV½yRbvtiþ.

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rUbPaB (>!@ viFIsaRsþpSardak;Kg ³ I- crnþGKÁIsnI/ II - sgát;.

2>2> karpSarTl;mux

KWCaviFIsaRsþ eKobP¢ab;r)arEdkBIrTb;muxCamYyKña. bec©keTsrbs;karpSar Tl;mux KWeRbIcrnþGKÁIsnI manbnÞúkGKÁIsnI (1,2 – 9 V)/ rt;tamr)arEdkTaMgBIr EdlRtUvpSar. enARtg;cMNucTl;muxKña rbs;muxEdkTaMgBIr er:sIusþg;FM dUcenH eFIVeGayekItkMedA dutenAmuxEdkTaMgBIr. enAeBlenaH eRbIkMlaMgsgát;mYy CamYynig sMBaF

/ BYknigRtUv)anP¢ab;CamYyKña/ ¬rUbPaB (>!#¦. pSarTl;mux Gnuvtþ cMeBaHEtEdkrgbnÞúksgát; ¬manGgát;p©it FMCag 12 mm

. Rtg;cMNucpSar rbs;karpSarTl;mux/ r)arEdkeLIge)a:g (Swell out)/ nig eLIgrwg (Hard)/ dUcenHRsYy (Breakable).

2/600200 cmkG−=σ

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rUbPaB (>!# viFIsaRsþ pSarTl;mux Tr - ma:sIunbMElg/

C1, C2 – r)arEdkRtUvpSarTaMgBIr/ 1 – b:Ulefr/ @- b:Ulsgát;/

# - dUyrkSa/ $ - dUysgát; .

manBIrvIFIpSar Tl;mux/ pSarbnþbnÞab; (Continuous Welder)/ KWpSarsgát; mYydg GnuvtþCamYysrésEdk C1 CamYycrnþGKÁIsnImanGaMgtg;sIuet (800 A/cm²). cMENkpSarminbnþbnÞab; (Uncontinuous Welder)/ KWpSarsgát; cUl/ dkecj bIbYndgrhUrdl;)anP¢ab;/ crnþGKÁIsnIminbnþbnÞab; ¬RbmaN 250 – 700 A/cm²¦. pSarbnþbnÞab; eBlpSarEdkRkum (C1)/ cMENkpSarEdk minbnþbnÞab; eBlpSarEdkRkum (C2/ C3).

2>3> karpSarkaMGKÁIsnI

eRbIcrnþGKÁIsnI mankMlaMg (Voltage) (40 – 60 V)/ begáItCakaMGKÁIsnI duteqHelahpSar (Soldering Stick)/ cuHcUlkEnøgpSar. pSarkaMGKÁIsnIKWCa viFIpSarniymeRbIbMputkñúgvis½ysagsg; sMNg;sIuvil nig ]sSahkmμ. eRbIsMrab;EtpSarEdkmanGgát;p©itFMCag 8 mm/ l¥bMputKWFMCag 12 mm/

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eBlpSarRtUvFanaépÞtMNrelag (Smooth)/ minexøac/ mindac;sñampSar nig xøI (Curtail)/ RtUvFanakMBs; nig RbEvgbnÞat;pSar. pSarkaMGKÁIsnI GacGnuvtþ bNþatMNxus²Kña ¬rUbPaB (>!$¦. pSarkaMGKÁIsnIeRbIsMrab;srésEdkrgbnÞúk sgát;.

rUbPaB (>!@ tMNpSarkaMGKÁIsnI

5> dak;srésEdkcUlBum< PLACE THE REINFORCEMENT INTO FORMWORKS

srésEdkeRkayeBlEkécñ RtUv)andak;cUlBum<. edIm,IeRKOgbgÁúMsMNg; Fn;nigkMlaMg )an dUcGIVEdl)anKNna enaHsrésEdkdak;cUleTAkñúgBum< RtUvbMeBj)anbNþatMrUv karKW ³

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• dak;RtUvRbePTsrésEdk EdlkarKNna)ankMNt;. ebIminRtUvRbePT enaHGac bþÚrsmmUl tamrUbmnþ ¬(>^¦

a

aaa R

RFF

'' = ¬(>^¦

kñúgenaH ³ Fa – épÞmuxkat;srésEdkKNna/

F’a – épÞmuxkat;srésEdkEdlRtUvbþÚr/

Ra, R’a – er:sIusþg;rbs;r)arEdkKNna nig bþÚr/

• Fanadak;RtUvkEnøgrbs;bNþasrésEdk.

• FanacenøaHrvagbNþasrésEdk.

• FanaesßrPaBrbs;eRKag/ sMNaj;Edk eBlcak;/ bgðab;ebtug.

• FanaRsTab;ebtugkarBarsrésEdk.

cMgayrvagbNþasrésEdk RtUvFanakMritGb,brma edIm,IsMPar³sMNg;minrgkareKob rvagr)arEdk bgáreGayRbehagebtug/ BiessKWkEnøgmansrésEdkeRcIn. ]TahrN_ CamYykMralxNÐmansrésEdkBIrRsTab;/ RsTab;elIKMlatGb,brma KW 2,5 cm/ RsTab;eRkam KW 3 cm/ ebIbIRsTab;srés enaH KMlatRtUvekIneLIgBIrdg ¬rUbPaB (>!%¦.

edIm,ImanesßrPaB TItaMgsrésEdk eyIgcg b£ pSar. cMeBaHsMNaj;cg RtUvcgcMNg TaMgGs; Rtg;cMNucRbsBVKñarbs;bNþasrésEdk/ cMENkpSardak;KgKña KWpSarbNþa kEnøgKgKñamanlkçNCaxYb/ xagkñúgpSar epøaHmYy ¬elIkElgmanbgðajkñúgKNna¦.

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rUbPaB (>!% KMlatGb,brmarvagsrésEdk edIm,Icak;ebtug/ kMralxNÐ nig Fñwm/

ssr.

cMeBaHeRKag/ ssr/ Fñwm KWcgbNþakEnøgRbsBVKñaTaMgGs;. edIm,IFanacMgayrvagbNþa RsTab;srés ¬kMral/ RKwH/ >>>¦ eKeRbIsrésEdkTl; edIm,IkMNt;TItaMg ¬rUbPaB (>!^¦.

b, c) srésEdkeRcIn RsTab;.

rUbPaB (>!^

TItaMgKMlatrvagbNþa RsTab;Edk³

a) srésEdkBIrRsTab;

srésEdkTl;srésEdkTl;

srésEdkTl;

srésEdkTl;

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RsTab;ebtugkarBarsrésRbqaMgeRcHsIu (Rusty) edaybriyakas/ sMeNImkñúgbrisßan Bl; dUcCa EpSg/ cMhayGasIut/ KWRtUveKarBtameKalkarN_sþIGMBI ebtugsrésEdk/ ebIKNna)anbgðaj enaHRtUvGnuvtþ tamkarKNna.

edIm,IbegáItRsTab;ebtugkarBar CaFmμta eKeRbIkUnkMNl; (Chock)/ kUnkMNl;GaceFIV GMBI )ayGrsIumg;t_/ kMNl;Edk b¤ C½r. eFIVGMBI)ayGrsIum:g;t_ enaHGacplit)aneday pÞal; enAkardæan/ eRkayeBlcak;ebtugBYkva nwgcgsm<½n§CamYyeRKOgbgÁúMsMNg;/ b:uEnþ cg kMNt;TItaMgBi)ak dUcenH GnuvtþEtcMeBaHkMral/ bNþasrésEdkedkepþkCamYyépÞ Bum<. cMENkkMNl;eFIVGMBIEdk pSarP¢ab;CamYysrésEdk/ gayGnuvtþ/ lkçN³esßrPaB x<s; b:uEnþkñúgbrisßaneRcHsIuelOn (Corrode) nwgnaMeGaymankarsIuEdkcUleRCAkñúg eRKOgbgÁúM dUcenHmineRbI. cMENkkUnkMNl;C½r bc©úb,nñenHeRbIR)as;TUlMTUlay eRBaH gayGnuvtþ/ vasmRsbCamYysrésEdkRKb;RbePT BiessCamYyeRKOgbgÁúMmUl nig bnÞHekag. kUnkMNl;C½r RtUv)anplitenAeragcRkEkécñC½r/ enAkardæanBMuGacplit)an. elIrUbPaB (>!& bgðajnUvRbePTkUnkMNl; begáItRsTab;karBarsrésEdlniymeRbI R)as;sBVéf¶.

rUbPaB (>!& bNþaRbePTkUnkMNl; begáItRsTab;karBarsrés³ a) kUnkMNl;ebtug/ b,

c, e) kUnkMNl;C½r/ d) kUnkMNl;Edk.

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eBldak;srésEdkeTAkúñgBum< eKGaceFIVtambIviFI. viFITImYy – dak;srésEdkeTAtam mYy² ¬mþgmYy²¦/ viFITIBIr – eTAtamEpñk/ vIFITIbI – dak;TaMgGs;.

dak;mþgmYy ³ srésEdkdak;cUlBum<tamr)arnimYy² eRkaymkeTIbGnuvtþpSar/ cgedIm,I begáItCasrésEdkeRKOgbgÁúM. dak;srésEdkmþgmYy minRtUvkarmeFüa)ay dwkCBa¢Ún eRbIcMnYnBlkmμeFIVkarelITIx<s; eRcIn eRKaHfñak;Nas; eBllkçxNÐeFIVkargar Bi)ak/ enA TIkEnøgx<s;².

dak;tamEpñk ³ srésEdkRtUv)ancgCaEpñk eRkaymkdak;cUleTABum< eTIbeKpÁúMbNþa Epñk nimYy² begáItCasrésEdkrbs;eRKOgbgÁúM. viFIsaRsÞenH bnßy)an cMnYnkm μkreFIV kargar mYycMnYn enATIkEnøgx<s;/ b:uEnþkarCBa¢ÚnsrésEdkdak;cUlBum<Bi)ak Gnuvtþeday éd BiesseBlTMgn;srésEdkF¶n;.

dak;TaMgGs; ³ srésEdkRtUv)anpSar cg CaeRscsMrab;eRKOgbgÁúM ¬CaragsMNaj;/ eRKag¦ enAeragCagsrésEdk/ eRkaymknaMykeTAdak;kñúgBum<. eKRKan;EtbEnßmEpñk lMGiténkarcgsm<½n§ rvagBYkvaCamYyKña. viFIsaRsþenHbnßyBlkmμenAkardæandl; kMritGb,brma b:uEnþTamTar RtUvmanmeFüa)aydwkCBa¢Ún/ elIktMeLIgsmRsb. Bnßy )ankareRKaHfñak; eBlGnuvtþ kargarkEnøgx<s;/ eBlevlaEvg.

6> sagsg;srésEdk RBIRsþIs (PRESTRESS WORKS)

kñúgkargarsagsg;kargarsrésEdk RBIRsIþs GacGnuvtþtambNþalMnaM]sSahkm μKW ³ BRgwgmux edayviFITajsrésEdkelIexOn/ BRgwgeRkayeBlebtug)ankkrwg/ BRgwg edayviFIsaRsþkMedAGKÁIsnI.

viFIsaRsþBRgwgmux CacMbg Gnuvtþkñúgplitkm μrcnasm<½n§sMNg;pÁúMdMeLIg sMrab;RTkMlaMg sgát;F¶n;². kñúglMnaMsagsg; GnuvtþkñúgeragCag manRKb;]bkrN_eRbIR)as;. viFIsaRsþ BRgwgeRkay EtGnuvtþenAkardæansagsg; eBlebtug)ansMercRKb;kMritKNna b¤

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eRKOgbgÁúM )andak;eTATItaMgGnuvtþkargar. xageRkamenH eyIgtamdanemIl viFIsaRsþBIr sMrab;BRgwgsrésEdkRBIRsþIs EdlniymeRbIeRcInkñúgsMNg;.

BRgwgsrésEdktamRbB½n§ Fresne RtUvGnuvtþeday dUyrwtBIrdg ¬rwtDub¦ ¬emIlrUb (>!*¦. eBlcak;eRKOgbgÁúM eKdak;bMBg;. bNþabMBg;enaH RtUv)aneFIVedaybMBg;relag b¤ bMBg;rag ¬bMBg;sNæan¦/ bMBg;relag nwgRtUvdkhUtecj eBlebtugcak;)an 4-5 ema:g/ cMENkbMBg;sNæan nwgRtUvTukenAkñúgeRKOgbgÁúM. EdkRBIRsIþs KWCaRkumsrésEdk manGgát;p©itBI 5 – 7 mm / cMnYnsréskñúgRkumRbmaN !@. b¤ eKGaceRbIExSkamGKÁIsnI EdlmanGgát;p©itsrésBI 2.5 – 5 mm.

rUbPaB (>!* RbB½n§BRgwgsrésRBIRsþIs edayrwtDub Fresne³

!- srésEdk/ @-eRKOgbgÁúM/ #-bnÞHEdk/ $-knøas;/ %-CBa¢IgbIsþúg/

^/ *-TVarbUmeRbg/ &-sILaMg/ (-eCIgdUj/ !0-cnÞúl/ !!/ !@-rMs½r.

srésEdkRtUv)anBRgwgtamrUbPaB (>!*. mundMbUgeKdak;srésEdkkñúg bMBg;kñúgeRKOg bgÁúM/ k,aledImsrésEdk rt;tamRbehagenAkNþal bnÞHEdk # nig esotknøas; $/ eRkaymkRtUvcak;eGayCab;eTAnig yufáa !# rbs;dUj. eBlbUmeRbgtamTVar */ sIuLaMg & bBa¢ÚnkMlaMg eTAxagsþaMgTajtamyufáa !# ehIyBRgwgTaMgRsug bNþasrésEdk. kñúgeBlenaH cnÞúl !0 laecj ehIyTb;rkSakMlaMgrwtrbs;dUybBa¢Únmk. eRkayeBl)anrwtya:gtwg bNþasrésEdk eyIgbUmeRbgcUlTaVr ^/ bIsþúgnwgbiTCab; knøas; $ eTAbnÞHEdk #/

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cab;ya:gCab;bNþak,alsrésEdk. eRkaymk bnßysMBaF rbs;k,albUm/ bNþarMs½r !! nig !@ nigRcanbIsþúg nig sIuLaMg RtLb;eTATItaMgedImvij. GnuvtþlMnaMdEdl² rhUtdl;eBlsrésEdkRKb;kMritFn;tamKNna. eRkayeBlBRgwg cb; eKbUm)ayGrsIum:g;t_ xSac;cUlbMBg;dak;srésEdk tamRbehag Rtg;knøas;.

dUyeRbgDub mankMlaMgTaj !%-^0 etan CamYynigcenøaHTaj 100 – 315 mm.

eBlTajsrésEdk bNþaeRKOgbgÁúM maneRcInRkum Clusters RtUvykcitþTukdak;dl; lMdab;erogrwt.

sagsg;eRKOgbgÁúMRBIsþIs bNþasMNg;ragRbGb; ¬GagTwk/ sIuLÚ/ Gagsþúk >>>¦. GnuvtþRBmKña eBlruMsrésEdk elIképÞCBa¢aMgxageRkA. kñúgkarNIenH srésRBIsþIs KWCa srésEdkmaner:sIusþg;x<s; Ggát;p©itBI 2 –5 mm. vaRtUv)anrMuB½T§CMuvijsMNg; kñúgsßanPaB rwttamrMs½rdUcex©A/ cenøaHrMuGacxus²Kña eTAkMBs;GaKar. kargarrMusrésEdkCab;bnþak;Kña

sMNg;

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CMuvijsMNg; RtUv)anGnuvtþeday ¬rUbPaB (>!( DIya:RkamGnuvtþn_kargarrbs;ma:sIunrMu¦

ma:sIunrMu-bnþwg nigniymeRbI ¬rUbPaB (>!(¦.

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CMBUkTI 10³ kargarebtug CONCRETE WORKS

kargarebtug nig ebtugsrésEdk rYmmanbNþalMnaMsmasPaBdUcxageRkam³

- eRtomsMPar³eGayebtug/

- kMNt;smasPaBfñak;ebtug (Concrete Class) sMrab;RbePTnimYy² eTAtam RbePTebtug/

- dwkCBa¢Únebtug BIkEnøglaydl;kEnøgcak;/

- cak;ebtugdl;cUlBum</ cak;Rkal nig bgðab;/

- EfTaMebtug/

- edaHBum<.

bNþakargarTaMgb:unμanxagelI RtUv)anGnuvtþ kñúgmYyry³kalya:gxøI. mYykñúgcMeNamlMnaM xagelI kargareRtom minl¥/ b¤ dMeNIrGnuvtþkargarebtugminl¥ nwgbNþaleGayman\T§iBl dl;KuNPaBebtug.

1> kargareRtomsMPar³ sMPar³eRtomsMrab;kargarebtugrYmman ³ sIum:g;t_ (Cement) / xSac; (Find Coarse) / fμ (Coarse Aggregate) nig Twk (Water).

sIum:g;t_ KWCasmasPaBsMPar³mYysMxan;kñúgebtug. vaRtUv)anplitkñúgeragcRk. karkMNt;KuNPaB/ brimaNebtug nig fñak; rbs;sIum:g;t_ (Grade of Cement). )anGnuvtþkñúgeragcRk. kargareRtomcMeBaHsIum:g;t_ RKan;EtCakarkMNt;brimaNsMrab; karlay.

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xSac; eRbIedIm,Ilayebtug RtUvEtCaxSac;elOgs¥at/ laysarFatuepSg²tictYcbMput. ebICaxSac;mins¥atRtUvlagvaeGays¥at muneBllayebtug. TMhMrbs;fμeRbIkñúgebtug GaRs½yeTAtam fñak;ebtug (Concrete Class) tMrUvkar nig kMras;rbs;eRKOgbgÁúM.

f μ eRbIkñúgebtugmaneRcInRbePT dUcCaf μ 1x2, 2x4, 4x6 >>>. f μeRbIedIm,Ilayebtug RtUvEtCafμs¥at/ fμcas;/ dac;xatminRtUveRbIfμx©I b¤ f μdut minFanakMritrwgmaMeGayebtug. kñúgkargarebtug enAbNþatMbn;xøH/ eKk¾GaceRbIRkYs (Gravel) sMrab;layebtug. RtUvykRkYsman TMhMRbhak;RbEhlKña niyayeTAKWRKb;RKYsb:un²Kña/ minRtUveRbIRkYs mins¥at/ RkYspuy/ RkYslayFatuepSgeRcIn. eBllayebtugeRbIRkYs edIm,Icak;ebtug eRKOgbgÁúMsMNg;RbqaMgTwkBi)akFanasuvtßiPaBNas;.

TwkeRbIedIm,IlayebtugRtUvEtCaTwks¥at/ minRtUveRbITwkmins¥at.

2> kMNt;smasPaBfñak;ebtug

kñúgsMNg;eBlGnuvtþKMeragsMNg;mYy/ GñkKNna )aneRCIserIs fñak;ebtugeGaybNþa eRKOgbgÁúMrbs;xøÜn. BI fñak;rbs;eRKOgbgÁúM/ Gñksagsg;GackMNt;)anKuNPaBeGaybNþa RbePTebtug. fñak;ebtug KWCasmasPaB sMPar³tamsmamaRt (Proportion, Ratio) mYyÉktaplitplebtugNamYyenaH ¬GacCa mYymaDebtug/ GacCa mYysñÚklay ebtug¦. smamaRtenHGaRs½ykMritFn; rbs;ebtug/ lkçN³ebtugdUcCa PaBrav b¤ sMrut (Slump) ragbMBg;rbs;ebtug. edIm,IRsavRCaveRCACagenH smasPaBfñak;ebtugrbs; sMPar³edayELkmYy ¬]> sIum:g;t_/ xSac;/ fμ¦ GacBieRKaHÉksasMPar³sMNg;. eK)andwgGMBIkarkMNt;fñak;ebtug edIm,ImanRbePTebtugKNnatamsMPar³manenAkardæan KWBi)akNas;. dUcenH/ kñúgkarsagsg; enAkardæan enAkardæan b¤ enAeragcRk eKRKan;Et ykcitþTukdak; dl;smasPaBfñak; ¬kMrit¦ ebtugtambTdæan b¤ karKNnasMPar³. dUcCa

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RbePTebtugKNna (B 200 ) smasPaB kMritebtug sMrab;mYyEm:RtKUbebtug KW sIum:g;t_ (P 300) - 350 kg, f μ (1x2) – 0.8 m³, xSac; - 0.43 m³, Twks¥atlayebtug RKb;kMritxab;. eBlbrimaNtictam bTBiesaFnkñúgkargarCak;Esþg sagsg;/ k¾GaceRbI maDedIm,IkMNt; Rbhak;RbEhlsmasPaBkMritebtug dUcCa !³@³# ¬sIum:g;t_mYy/ xSac;BIr/ fμbI¦/ CamYybrimaNTwkRKb;RKan; eRbIedIm,Ilayebtug ehIynwgTTYl)anRbePT ebtugRbmaN (200 kg/cm²) . cMeBaHsMNg; manbrimaNebtugeRcIn RtUvkMNt;tam karENnaMrbs;bTdæanKNnaRbePTebtug.

3> bNþasMNUmBrcMeBaHebtug

- ebtugRtUvlayeGaysBV/ FanasmasPaBRKb;RKan; tamkMritebtug.

- eBlevlalayebtug/ dwkCBa¢ÚnRtUvxøIbMput. mann½yfary³eBlbBa©b;TaMgRsug bNþalMnaMenH RtUvtUcCagry³eBlcgsm<½n§ rbs;sIum:gt_ ¬RbmaN @ ema:g¦. GUsbnøayry³eBlenH nwgman\T§iBldl;KuNPaBebtug. kñúgkarNIenaH cg;man KuNPaBebtugdUcKNna KWmuneBlcak;ebtugcUklaymþgeTot nig bEnßmbrimaN ebtugmYy RbmaN !% - @0° énbrimaNsIum:g;t_ tamkMritebtug.

- cMeBaHeRKOgbgÁúMsMNg;nimYy²/ sMNUmBrsMrut nig ry³eBcaM)ac;edIm,Ibgðab;epSg²Kña. cMeBaHebtugmanbrimaNFM min b¤ mansrésEdktic/ sMrut rbs;ebtugBI (2-4 cm)/ ry³eBlbgðab;RbmaN (15-25s) . cMeBaHssr/ Fñwm/ kMralxNÐ sMrut KW (4 -6 cm)/ nig ry³eBlbgðab;BI (12-15s). cMeBaHeRKOgbgÁúMebtugmansrésEdkeRcIn sMrutrbs;ebtug (6-8 cm)/ ry³eBlbgðab; (10-12s).

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- kñúgeragcRk/ kñúgeragCag/ TIlancak;ebtugRsab; bNþaeRKOgbgÁúMebtug s¶ÜtCag enAkardæan. BIeRBaHbNþaTIkEnøgenaH meFüa)aysagsg;/ Bum<FanasuvtßiPaBCag. GnuBaØateRbIRbePTbgðab;eCIgGRgun kñúgkarbgðab;.

- eRbI)ayGrebtugs¶ÜtmanKuNsm,tiþeRcInCag eRbI)ayGrebtugrav ¬)ayGrebtugs¶Üt mansMrutTabCag)ayGrebtugrav¦. bNþaKuNsm,tiþEdlmanenaHKW³

• brimaNeRbIsIm:t_GacticCag.

• ry³eBlkkelOn eRBaHbrimaNTwkeRbIticCag.

• kMlaMgetagrvagebtug nig srésekIneLIg.

• edaHBum)anqab;/ bnßyry³eBlsagsg;.

• kMritebtugekInCag eFobCamYynig kareRbIebtugrav. b:uEnþebtugs¶ÜtRtUveRbIbgðab; ma:sIuneTIbFanaKuNPaBebtug.

4> bNþaviFIsaRsþlayebtug

enAbNþaRbeTsrIkcMerIn edIm,IlayebtugRKan;EteRbImYyviFIsaRsþlayebtugeday ma:sIun. kñúglkçxNRbeTseyIg/ eKGnuvtþlayebtugtamBIr viFIsaRsþ ³ viFIsaRsþlay edayBlkm μ nig viFIsaRsþlayedayynþkmμ. eTaHbICalayedayBlkmμkþI b¤ layeday ynþkmμkþI k¾bMeBj)antMrUvkardUcxageRkam ³

- eBllayebtug/ )ayGrebtugRtUvcUklayeGayesμIsac;.

- layebtugRtUveGayRKb;smasPaB/ RtUvsmamaRtkMritebtug.

- ry³eBllayebtugRtUvtUc kñúgey³eBlNamYykMNt;.

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KYrGnuvtþEt layedayviFIsaRsþBlkm μ kñúgkrNIbrimaNebtugtic/ enAÉTIEnøgdac; Rsyal/ minGacykma:sIunlayebtug)an. eBlbrimaNebtugeRcIn/ ry³eBlGnuvtþ kargaryUr enaHRtUvdak;ma:sIunlayebtug/ BIeRBaHlayedayynþkm μ manKuNsm,tiþ eRcInCaglayedayBlkm μ/ BiessKWlkçN³es μIsac; nig kMritFn;rbs;ebtug.

1> viFIsaRsþlayebtugedayBlkm μ

1>1> kargareRtom

muneBllayebtug RtUveRtomTIFøasMrab;layebtug manTMhMGb,rma (3x3m²). TIFøaRtUverobcMeGayesμI/ minlicTwk. TIFøaGacRkaleday \dæ/ b¤ RkalEdkbnÞH. TIFøalayRtUvmandMbUlkarBarePøóg/ kMedA. bNþasMPar³ xSac;/ fμ/ sIum:g;t_/ TwkTaMgGs; eRtomCMuvijTIFøa.

1>2> lMnaMlayebtugedayBlkmμ

bNþasmasPaBkMritebtug RtUvføwgc,as;las;. enAkardæan xSac;/ fμ/ val;edayÉktamaD ¬Fug/ lIRt >>>>¦/ sIum:gt_CaRbePTsMPar³mantMél/ Rk/ éfø RtUvval;eday (kg) b¤ KNnaCa)av. dMbUgeK cak;xSac;/ layxSac; nig sIum:gt_mux/ eRkayeBlsIum:g;t_esμIsac; Rbjab;dak;fμcUl. eBleGayfμcUl sIum:g;t_xSac; dak;pglaypg rhUtdl;esμIsac;/ eRbIEb:l/ cb cUk KWeGay TwkbrimaNbnþic. eRkaymkeGaybrimaNTwkEdlenAsl; cak;cUl bnþicmþg² cUleTAsmasPaBebtug nig layes μIsac;. ry³eBllayebtug edayBlkmμ minelIs (15 -20 min).

2> layedayynþkm μ

eBlbrimaNebtugeRcIn/ sMNUmBrKuNPaBebtugx<s; enaHeKRtUvlayedayynþkmμ.

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bNþaRbePTma:sIunlayebtugeRbIR)as;kñúgkargarsMNg;GacEbgEckdUcxageRKam ³

tamviFIsaRsþlay enaHKWmanRbePTma:sIunlayFøak;esrI nig RbePTma:sIunlay minFøak;esrI. Ep¥kelImUldæanbMerIras;kargar EbgEckecjCa ³

- RbePTma:sIunlaytamxYb

- mas:Iunlaybnþak; ¬\tQb;¦

tamrcnasm<½n§rbs;Fuglay GacEbgEckdUcxageRkam ³

- Fuglaycak;ep¥óg ¬RbePTRtLb;¦

- FuglaykMNt; ¬efr/ nwg¦/ mann½yfaeBllayebtugrYc FugminGacep¥óg )an edIm,Icak;ebtugecj/ EdlebtugRtUvykecjtamRckecj. eBldak; sMPar³cUlk¾RtUvdak;tamRckcUlxagelI.

tam lkçNbec©keTs enaHKWma:sIunlayebtugGacEckCa ³

- RbePTma:sIunlayebtugcl½t³ enHCaRbePTma:sIunlayebtug mankg;ruj b¤ dak;enAnigbeFüa)aydwkCBa¢Ún/ edIm,IlayebtugGaRs½yenAtMbn;Gnuvtþ rbs;kardæan/ b¤xageRkAkardæan.

- RbePTma:sIunlayebtugefr³ RbePTenHmanTMhMFM/ Etgdak;mYykEnøgkúñg kardæan b¤ kñúg shRKas b¤ eragcRkplitebtug.

srubmkvij/ bNþaRbePTma:sIunlayebtugGacEckCabIRbePT ¬rUbPaB !0> !¦ KW ³

- ma:sIunlayep¥óg FugRtLb;)an

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- ma:sIunlayQr

- ma:sIunlayepþktamrebobragG½kS

rUbPaB !0>! bNþaRbePT

ma:sIunlayebtug

a) ma:sIunlayebtug RkLab;cMehog

b) ma:sIunlayQr

c) ma:sIunlaybnþbnÞab;.

bNþama:sIundMeNIrkartamvIFIFøak;esrI b¤ minFøak;esrI. RbePTnimYy²manlkçN³ BiessedayELk/ GaRs½ytamtMrUvkar nig lkçxNÐ EdleyIgeRCIserIsRbePT ma:sIunsmRsb.

maDrbs;Fugma:sIunlay RbePT dUcrUbPaB 10.1a CaFmμta 100-250l. RbePT dUcrUbPaB 10.1b manmaDFMCag/ Etgdak;enAeraglayebtug/ RbePT dUcrUbPaB 10.1c Etgdak;eragcRkplitebtugcak;Rsab;/ eBlbrimaNebtugRtUvkareRcIn/ maD 450 - 4500l.

lMnaMlayebtugdUcxageRkam³

mundMbUg eGayma:sIunrt;minmanbnÞk;mYyCMu. ebIlayebtug dMbUgRtUvdak;Twk bnþiceGayesImsMbk/ cak;xSac;f μ nig Twk cUl layes μI/ eRkaymkeGaysIum:g;t_ cUl layeGayrhUtdl;)an.

ebtugRss;

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cMeBaHma:sIunenAkardæan/ smasPaBkMritebtug RtUv)anKNnatammaDma:sIun lay. sIum:g;t_KNnaeday kg b¤ eday)av/ kñúgbNþaeragcRk enaHkarføwgKW edaysV½yRbvtiþTaMgGs;. ry³eBllayebtugGaRs½yedaymaDrbs;ma:sIun/ PaBrav nig PaBFn;rbs;ebtug.

xageRkamenHeyIgBinitüelI]TahrN_ bgðajGMBIry³eBllayebtug ¬kñúgtarag !0>!¦.

tambTBiesaFn_ layebtugedayma:sIun eGayeXIjfa edIm,IeGayma:sIunlay ebtugmYy bMeBj)ansMNUmBrbTdæancaM)ac;/ Fm μtaeGaylaybgVilRbmaN @0 CMu. ebIcMnYnCMubgVilticCag enaHebtugminesμIsac;/ ebIbgVileRcInCagenaH PaBFn; nig plitPaBrbs;ma:sIunnwgfycuH.

eBllayebtugenAkardæanRtUvykcitþTukdak;/ ebIeRbIxSac;esIm KWRtUvykbrimaN xSac;ekIneLIg. ebIsMeNImrbs;xSac;ekIn #° enaHbrimaNxSac;RtUvykekIneLIg @% - #0°/ nig brimaNTwkbnßycuH.

tarag !0>!

ry³eBllay ¬KitCa vinaTI¦ maDFuglay (l) V )ayGrs¶Üt )ayGrrav ebtugRsay

<425 60 45 180 1200 120 90 240

2400 150 120 -

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edIm,IeRCIserIsma:sIunlaysmRsbeGaybNþakardæan/ eyIgRtUvkarkMNt;)an smßPaBlayebtugrbs;ma:sIun. elImUldæansmßPaBrbs;ma:sIun/ GacKNna)an cMnYnma:sIunEdlRtUveRbIR)as;.

smßPaBrbs;ma:sIunlay P RtUv)ankMNt;tamrUbmnþ ¬!0>!¦

21 .

1000.. kknVP = , m³/h (10.1)

kñúgenaH V - maDrbs;ma:sIun/ maDrbs;ma:sIuneBlNa k¾RtUvmanEt &%° maDFrNImaRtrbs;m:suIn.

n - cMnYnelIklaykñúgmYyema:g.

k1 - emKuNrbs;smasPaBebtug/ yk 0/^&-0/&@/

k2 - emKuNeRbIR)as;ma:sIuntamry³eBl/ yk 0/(-0/(%.

enAkardæansMNg;/ FmμtaeKdak;bNþaRbePTma:sIunlayebtug tamkMritynþkm μ TMenIb dwkCBa¢ÚnsmasPaBebtug. RbePTTImYy ³ sMPar³dak;cUlma:sIunlay edayBlkmμ ¬rUbPaB !0>@¦. RbePTTIBIr RKb;smasPaBTaMGGs; RtUv)andwkCBa¢Únedayynþkm μ. eRkayeBlkMNt;RKb;lkçN³smasPaB/ kMrit ebtug dak;cUledayExSBan/ eGaycUlma:sIunlay ¬rUbPaB !0>#¦. eBltMrUvkar pÁt;pÁg;ebtugeRcIn/ Fmμta 9m³/h b£ !%00 tons/month / KWRtUvbegáItsßanIy_lay ebtugkñúgeragcRk b¤ eragCag.

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rUbPaB !0># ma:sIunlayebtug/ dak;sMPar³edayynþkmμ³

!> Føadak;sMPar³/ @-Eb:scUk/ #> dUyGKÁIsnI/ $> CILav/ %> Fugdak;sMPar³.

enAsßanIy_lay b¤ eragcRkebtug RbePTtUc/ maDFuglayBI 450 – 1000

liters/ smßPaBRbcaMqñaM < 40000 m³ .

enAsßanIy_lay b¤ eragcRkebtug RbePTkNþal / maDFuglay 4000 liters/ smßPaBRbcaMqñaM 40000 - 120000 m³ .

enAsßanIy_lay b¤ eragcRkebtug RbePTFM / maDFuglayFMCag 4000 liters/ smßPaBRbcaMqñaMelIs 120000 m³ .

KuNRbeyaCn_ rbs; sßanIy_lay b¤ eragcRkebtug KW ³

- snSMsMéc)an !0 - !% ° vtßúFatuedIm.

- KuNPaBebtugx<s;.

- ynþkm μTMenIb dUcenH smßPaBblkm μx<s;/ eRbIGs;lT§PaBeRKOgcRk brikçar.

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- ÉeTskmμkm μkr/ buKÁlik nig brikçareRKOgcRk.

5> dwkCBa¢Únebtug eRkayeBllayrYcral;/ ebtugRtUvdwkCBa¢Úndl;kEnøgcak;Pøam.

kargareRCIserIsmeFüa)aydwkCBa¢ÚnBIkEnøglaydl;kEnøcak;/ RtUvEp¥ktamlkçN³rbs; sMNg;/ brimaNebtugRtUvkarsrub nig brimaNebtugRtUvkarRbcaMéf¶.

eRkABIenH/ k¾RtUvykcitþTukdak;dl;cMgay/ RbEvgpøÚv nig sßanPaBPUmisaRsþkEnøg cak;ebtug. eTaHCalkçxNÐ nig meFüa)ayGIVk¾eday eBldwkCBa¢ÚnebtugRtUvbMeBj )ansMNUmBrxageRkam³

- eBldwkCBa¢Únebtug minRtUveFIVeGayeTIsETgpøÚv.

- meFüa)aydwkCBa¢ÚnRtUvbiTCit/ mineFIVeGayhUrTwksIum:g;t_.

- dac;xateCosvagkarEckfñak;ebtug kñúglMnaMdwkCBa¢Ún.

- ry³eBldwkCBa¢ÚnRtUvkan;EtxøIkan;Etl¥ eRBaHry³eBldwkCBa¢ÚnnigeFIVeGayfy KuNPaBebtug . l¥bMputry³eBldwkCBa¢Ún minRtUveGayelIsBIrema:g.

dwkCBa¢ÚnebtugGacEckCaBIrRbePT ³

- dwkCBa¢ÚnenAry³cMgayq¶ay ¬dwkCBa¢ÚnBIeRkAmkkñúgkardæan¦

- dwkCBa¢ÚnenAry³cMgayCit ¬kñúgkardæan¦

1> dwkCBa¢ÚnenAry³cMgayFM

eBldwkCBa¢ÚnebtugBIkEnøglaydl;kEnøgcak; RbmaNFMCag 500 m enaHeKeRbI meFüa)aydwkCBa¢Únedayrfynþ. rfynþdwkCBa¢ÚneRcInRbePT edIm,IdwkCBa¢Únebtug/

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eRbIeRcInbMputenAEtCaRbePTrfynþcak;edaysV½yRbvtiþ. sBVéfenH eBldwkCBa¢Ún ebtug eKenAeRbIR)as;rfynþ manma:sIunlayedIm,IdwkCBa¢Únebtug. dwkCBa¢Únebtug dl; TIkEnøgcak;ebtug/ Gaccak;ebtugedaypÞal;elIeRKOgbgÁúMebtug. b¤ cak;CaKMnr enAkEnøgNamYenaH eRkaymkkmμkrnwgCBa¢Únebtug eTATItaMgcak;.

2> dwkCBa¢ÚnebtugenAry³cMgayxøI ¬dwkCBa¢ÚnkñúgEdnkMNt;kardæan¦

meFüa)aydwkCBa¢ÚnenHGacEckCa ³

- dwkCBa¢ÚntamTisepþk/

- dwkCBa¢ÚntamTisQr.

a) dwkCBa¢ÚntamTisepþk GaceRbIR)as;)aneRcInRbePTmeFüa)aydwkCBa¢ÚnepSg²Kña/ kareRCIserIsmYykñúgcMeNamRbePTmeFüa)ay GaRs½ynigbrimaNebtug. meFüa)ay dwkCBa¢ÚnebtugtamTisepþkmYycMnYn KW ³

- dwkCBa¢ÚnedayreTHrujkg;mYy (Wheelbarrow)

EtgeRbIcMeBaHcMgaytUcCag b¤ esI μ 70 m / pøÚvesμI/ minRkeLkRkLúk/ CMralGtibrma !@°.

- dwkCBa¢ÚnedayRtIcRkyan ¬reTHkg;bI¦ RbePTmeFüa)ayenH eRbIedIm,I dwkCBa¢Únebtug enAbNþakardæantUc²/ TinñplmanBIrdgeFobCamYyCBa¢Úntam reTHrujkg;mYy. maDrbs;reTHKW 120 – 200 liters . cMgaydwkCBa¢Úneday RtIcRkyanþEkécñ KW ³

70 m sMrab;pøÚvbeNþaHGasnñ.

100 m sMrab;pøÚvkat;TTwg manCMral %°.

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150 m sMrab;pøÚvkat;TTwg manCMral !°.

reTHrujkg;mYy nig RtIcRkyan dwkCBa¢Únebtug GacCBa¢ÚneLIgx<s;/ edayrYmpSM CamYynig eRkn/ dgeyag/ dgsÞÚc >>>.

- dwkCBa¢ÚnedayreTHkg;bYn (Wagon) ¬dwkCBa¢ÚnebtugtampøÚvEdk¦. eBlbrimaNebtugeRcIn/ sagsg;kñúgry³eBlEvg/ eKGaceFIVbNþapøÚvEdk edIm,IdwkCBa¢Únebtug. bNþaFugreTH manmaD 0,5 – 0,7 m³/ GacbMlas;TIelI RbEvgpøÚvBI 50 - 200m. bNþareTHebtugenH Gacrujedayéd/ b¤ edayGKÁIsnI.

b) dwkCBa¢ÚnebtugtamTisQr GaceRbIR)as;meFüa)ayxageRkamenH ³

- dwkCBa¢ÚnedaydgeyagsMPar³ (Material Hoist) eRkABIelIkbNþareTHruj kg;mYy nig RtIcRkyaneLIgx<s;/ ma:sIuneyagsMPar³ eRbIedIm,IdwkCBa¢Únebtug eLIgCan;nimYy²rbs;sMNg; cak;edaypÞal; eTAkñúgbNþameFüa)aydwkCBa¢Ún b¤ cak;CaKMnrelIkMralx½NÐ edIm,IkmμkrCBa¢Úndl;TIkEnøgcak;.

rUbPaB !0>$ bgðajGMBIDIya:RkamdwkCBa¢ÚnebtugeLIgx<s;.

rUbPaB !0>$ dwkCBa¢ÚnebtugeLIgx<s;

Fugebtug

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- dwkCBa¢ÚnebtugeLIgx<s;edayma:sIunsÞÚc (Construction Derrick) ebtugRtUv)andak;kñúgFug/ b¤ kñúgreTHkg;rujmYy/ RtIcRkyan/ edayma:sIunsÞÚc elIkeLIgdl;TIkEnøgcak;. eRbIbNþaRbePTma:sIunsÞÚcenH GacdwkCBa¢Únebtug eLIgx<s; 15-20 m.

- dwkCBa¢ÚnebtugeLIgx<s;edayeRkn CamYyFugdak;ebtug cakedaypÞal;elI eRKOgbgÁMú. enHCameFüa)aydwkCBa¢ÚnebtugeLIgx<s; nig cak;Pøamya:gl¥/ bnßy)ankMlaMgCBa¢Ún/ bnßyeBlxøI/ Blkmμ/ lT§plsagsg;x<s;.

rUbPaB !0>% bgðajGMBIbMerIbMras;rbs;meFüa)aydwkCBa¢ÚnenH ³

enA rUbPaB 10.5a/ bNþaFugdak;ebtug kMBugenAsßanPaBcak;ebtug.

enA rUbPaB 10.5b/ bNþaFugdak;ebtug RtUv)anbMBak;edaybMBg;ekAs‘U edIm,Icak;ebtugedaypÞal; cUleRKOgbgÁúMesþIg dUcCaCBa¢aMgpÞH.

enA rUbPaB 10.5a/ bNþaFugdak;ebtugkMBugcak;ebtugcUlFñwm/ kMralx½NÐ.

bNþaFugdak;sMPar³GaceRbIedIm,ICBa¢Únebtug cMgayBIrbIKILÚEm:Rt. eKGacBUn ebtugcUlFug/ dak;cUlmeFüa)aydwkCBa¢Ún dUcCarfynþ. eBldwkCBa¢Úndl; kEnøgcak;ebtug eRbIeRknelIkeLIgTIkEnøgcak;cUleRKOgbgÁúM.

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rUbPaB !0>% Fugdak;ebtug CBa¢ÚnedayeRkn.

- dwkCBa¢ÚnebtugedayExSBan ¬rUbPaB !0>^¦eBlbrimaNebtugtMrUvkarFM/ dwkCBa¢Ún nig cak;Pøam/ eKeRbIR)as;ExSBandwkCBa¢Ún nig cak;edaypÞal;cUl eRKOgbgÁMú. bBaðaEdlxVHxatKWdwkCBa¢ÚnebtugedayExSBanKWKnøgpøÚvminq¶ay/ tMrUveGayebtugRCay/ mins¥iteBk.

ebtug

rUbPaB !0>^ dwkCBa¢ÚnebtugedayExSBan

!- RsTab;ebtugelIépÞExSBan/ @- ExSBan/ #- bMBg;remol/ $- sIueLA

sMNUmBrcMeBaH ExSBaneBldwkCBa¢Únebtug KWRtUvEttwg/ cMgayrvagkUnkg;vij minelIs 1.1 m. ebIExSBanmintwg/ eBlebtugRbemolelIExSBan nwg RtUvj½r ¬RkLk¦ nig bgár)atuPUtEckfñak;/ CMralrbs;ExSBanminRtUvelIs 1.2m/s.

eBlcak;ebtug RtUvcak;tamsIueLA edIm,IebtugRtUv)ans¥iteLIgvij/ eCosvag rgnUvkrNIEckfañk; eBldwkCBa¢Ún.

dwkCBa¢Únebtugedayma:sIunbUmebtug

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eRbIma:sIunbUmebtugCBa¢ÚnebtugRss; cak;edaypÞal;eTAelI bNþameFüa)ay dwkCBa¢Ún dUcCa reTHEkécñ/ rfynþ >>>. ebIenAcMgayCit enaHkargardwkCBa¢Ún ebtug edayma:sIunbUm cak;edaypÞal;cUlbNþaeRKOgbgÁMúsMNg;EdlRtUccak;.

BImun dwkCBa¢Únedayma:sIunbUm KWRbrPTma:sIunsgát;xül;/ smßPaBrbs;ma:suIn bUm RbmaN 40 m³/h ¬rUbPaB !0>&¦. brikçarenH sμúKsμajNas; nig F¶n;/ eRbIR)as;minTUlMTUlay BIeRBaHminsnSMsMéc.

sIuETnsgát;xül;

ebtug

xül; ma:sIunsgát;

ebtug

rUbPaB !0>& DIya:Rkamma:sIunbUmebtugedayxül;sgát;

!-ma:sIunsgát;xül;/ @-bMBg;naMxül;/ #-sIuETndak;xül;/ $-va:nnaMxül;/

%-va:nnaMxül;/ ^-Fuglayebtug/ &-bMBg;/ *-sIueLA/ (-ebtug

\LÚvenH eKplitma:sIunmUbebtug éhRtUlIk CMnYseGayma:sIunsgát;xül; ¬rUbPaB !0> *¦.

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rUbPaB !0>* ma:sIunbUmebtugéhRtUlIk

ebtuglayenAFugrbs;ma:sIunbUméhRtUlIk/ RtUv)annaMcuHRbehagrbs; ma:sIun. edayRbB½n§va:n biT nig ebIk – eRbI b‘Issþúg éhRtUlIk Rcanebtug dl;kEnøgRtUvcak;/ b¤ cak;cUlmeFüa)aydwkCBa¢Ún. eRbIRbePTma:sIunb:Um b‘IsþúgéhRtUlIkenH Gac CBa¢Ún nig cak;)an 200-300 m³ mYyevn. smasPaBsMPar³ebtugtic/ kMritebtugRtUvRtwmRtUvtambTdæan sMrutrbs; ebtugBI 5 - 8 cm. eBleRbI)as; ma:sIunRtUveFIVkargar\tQb; minRtUvQb;elIs @ em:ag. eBleRbIR)as;cb;RtUveRbITwk lagbMBg;nigbrikçar eGays¥at. ma:sIunGacbMlas;TIepþk BI 50 - 200 m.

bc©úb,nñ enAbNþaRbeTsman]sSahkmμsagsg;rIkcMerIn/ RbePTma:sIunTaMg BIxagedIm RtUv)aneRbIR)as;minTUlMTUlay/ b:uEnþeKeRbIR)as;rYmpSMma:sIun edIm,IbMerIkardwkCBa¢Ún nig cak;ebtug ¬rUbPaB>!0>(¦.

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bMBg;ekAs‘U RTbMBg; ma:sIunb:Umebtug rfynþdwkebtug

FugTTYl bnÞHekAs‘UbMBg;naMebtug ebtug

m:UT½r

m:UT½rsøabkgÐar

rUbPaB !0>( rYmpSMma:sIunlay/ dwkCBa¢Ún/ b:Um/ cak;ebtug

a) DIya:RkamlMnaM]sSahkm μrbs;bnSM/

b) DIya:RkameFIVkargarebs;FuglayelIrfynþ.

bnSMma:sIunenHrYmman³ ma:sIunlayebtugmYyenAkardæan/ rfynþBIr b£ eRcInCag dwkFuglayebtug ykebtugs¶ÜtenAshRKas b£ sßanIy_lay ebtug. dUcenHeKRKan;EtyksMPar³s¶ÜtenAkEnøgNamYyenaH/ eRkaymk dwkCBa¢ÚnmkCitma:sIunb:Um. elIkMNat;pøÚv eGayFuglayebtugeFIVskmμPaB/ dl;kEnøg cak;edaypÞal;cUlma:sIunb:Um. ma:sIunb:Um b:Umdl;kEnøgcak;. ma:sIunb:Um Gaccl½t nig cak;ebtugelIkMNat; RbmaN 20 -60 m/ nig CBa¢ÚneLIgelI bNþakMralebtug edIm,Icak;ebtug. kMritkMBs;EdlGacb:UmeLIg BI 20 – 40 m. ma:sIunRcanebtugtambMBg;ekAs‘U. plitPaBrbs;ma:sIunb:Um 40 – 70 m³/h.

6> cak;ebtug

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1> tMrUvkarmYycMnYn RtUvcgcaMeBlcak;ebtug

• muneBlcak;ebtugRtUvRtYtBinitü/ Bum</ srésEdk/ RbB½n§kMralkargar)anbMeBj tMrUvkarbec©keTs b¤ enA. ebIbNþabTdæanTaMgGs; )anbMeBj)antamsMNUmBr KW sresrcUlkMNt;ehtu/ r)aykarN_.

• RtUveFIVeGays¥atBum</ srésEdk ebITukyUréf¶nigRtUvRbLak;/ sMGatsMram/ EksMrYlkMhussÁg/ ebIman.

• RtUveRsacTwkBum< edIm,IBum<minbItTwksIum:g;t_ ¬ebIeRbIBum<eQI¦.

• eBlcak;ebtugelIRsTab;)ayGrs¶ÜtEdl)ancak;mun RtUveFIVeGays¥atépÞmux ebtug/ eRsacTwksIum:g;t_cUl/ rYceTIbcak;ebtugfμIcUl.

• RtUvmanEpnkar pÁt;pÁg;ebtugRKb;RKan;/ edIm,Icak;ebtug\tQb;kñúgmYyevn/ mYyelIk.

2> bNþaeKalkarN_ nig viFIsaRsþcak;ebtug

eKalkarN_TI !> eBlcak;ebtugbNþaeRKOgbgÁúMsMNg;/ eKmankMNt;kMBs;cak;ebtug minGnuBaØtþeGayelIs 2.5 m. eRBaHedIm,Icak;ebtug Føak;edayesrI enAkMritkMBs; x<s;eBk/ ebtugEdlFøak;nigRtUvEckfñak;. edayehtufa TMgn;sMPar³xus²Kña/ el,ÓnFøak;xus²Kña/ RKab;FMFøak;mun/ RKab;tUcFøak;eRkay.

edIm,IFanaeKalkarN_enH/ eBlcak;ebtugmankMBs;FMCag 2.5 m eKeRbIR)as;bNþa viFIsaRsþxageRkam ³

• eRbIbMBg; Heliotrope rUbPaB !0>!0.

• eRbITrep¥óg ¬cak;ebtugRKwH¦.

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• eRbIRbehagmanRsab; ¬ssr¦

eRbIbMBg; Heliotrope karbegáItrYmman kMNat;ekaNeRcIndak;cUlKña. )ayGrebtug cak;tambMBg; Heliotrope / dUcenH beBa¢ótcUlKña dUcenHebtughak;dUcCalay eLIgvij. bMBg; Heliotrope Tn;/ Gaccl½t)an/ gayRsYl eBlcak;ebtug bNþaeRKOgbgÁúM manépÞFM dUcCaRKwH/ ssr.

rUbPaB !0>!0> cak;ebtugtambBg; Heliotrope

cakebtugssr

a) cak;ebtugRKwH/ a) cak;ebtugssr

!> Bum<RKwH/ @> )ayGrebtug/ #> bMBg; Heliotrope $> kMralkargar/ %> rfynþcak;)ayGr/ ^> Bum<ssr/ &> Fugdak)ayGredIm,Icak;/ *> Bum<kMralxNÐ.

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edIm,Icak;ebtug tamviFIenH eKGaceRbIma:sIunb:Umebtug ¬rUbPaB !0>!!¦.

rUbPaB !0>!! cak;ebtugRKwH edayma:sIunb:Um ³

!> RKwH/ @> ma:siunb:Um)ayGr/ #> rfynþdwkma:sIumlayebtug.

éf¶enH/ eBlcak;ebtugbNþaGKarCan;x<s;² eK)aneRbIma:sIunb:Umebtug CMnYseGay ma:sIunCBa¢ÚnebtugburaN ¬rUbPaB !0>!@¦.

rUbPaB !0>!@> ma:sIunb:UmebtugsMrab;sagsg;GKarCan;x<s;².

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!> ]bkrN_RTrbMBg;Tn;/ @> dgelIkbMBg;/ #> ma:sIunb:Umebtug/ $> Fugdak;ebtug/ %> rfynþdwkma:sIunlay.

eKalkarN_TI @> eBlcak;ebtugbNþaeRKOgbgÁúMsMNg; RtUvcak;BIelIcuH. bNþa meFüa)aysagsg;dUcCa ³ Fug/ reTH/ >> bNþameFüa)aysagsg;ynþkmμ/ dUcCa Fugdak;ebtugsMrab;eRkn/ ma:sIunb:Um/ ExSBan/ k¾RtUvcak;BIx<s;cuHmkeRkam. RbBn§kMralkargar k¾RtUvx<s;Cag épÞmuxebtugrbs;bNþaeKOgbgÁúMRtUvcak;.

viFIsaRsþenH dak;ecjedIm,IFanakMlaMgBlkm μx<s;. eBlcak;ebtug minRtUvdak;bNþa meFüa)aysagsg;elI srésEdk nig Bum<.

viFIsaRsþcak;ebtug edaybNþaFugdak;ebtugniymeRbI edayeRkn/ dwkCBa¢ÚneLIg qøgtambNþaCMhan ³ cak;ebtugcUlFug/ sÞÚcFugeLIgTItaMgcak;/ kmμkrdak;FugcUl mat;Bum< nig ebIqñúk cak;ebtugcUlBum< ¬rUbPaB !0>!#¦.

rUbPaB !0>!#> cak;ebtugedayFugdak;ebtug edayeRkndwkCBa¢Ún ³

!> Fugdak;ebtug/ @> kMralkargar> #> Bum</ $> eRkn

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eKalkarN_TI #> eBlcak;ebtug RtUvcak;BIq¶aymkCit eRbobeFobTItaMgTTYlebtug.

viFIsaRsþenHsMedAFana eBlcak;ebtugmin edIrCan;elIeRKOgbgÁúMebtugEdleTIbcak;.

eKalkarN_TI $> eBlcak;ebtug/ bNþamaDFM/ bNþaeRKOgbgÁúMmankMras;Rkas;/ KWRtUvcak;ebtug CaeRcInRsTab;. kMras; nig épÞrbs;RsTab;nimYy² kMNt;Ep¥kelI kaM\T§iBl nig plitPaBrbs;]bkrN_bgðab;EdleRbIR)as;.

Ca]TahrN_ ³ CamYybgðab;edayBlkm μ/ kMras;rbs;mYyRsTab;KW 10-15 cm . bgðab;buk kMras;RsTab;ebtugRtUvtUcCag 5 -10 cm eFobCamYyRbEvgrbs;Fñwm. bgðab;bnÞH kMras;RsTab;ebtugcak;BI 25 -30 cm.

srésQb;kñúgdMeNIrkarsagsg;ebtug

kñúgsagsg;ebtug/ mYykñúgcMeNaysMNUmBrsMxan;KW RtUvsagsg;\tQb;. b:uEnþminEmnEblNa k¾RtUvbnþbnÞab;minQb;)an. lkçxNÐedIm,Icab;ebtugminQb; KWRkalRsTab;ebtugeRkayelIRsTab;munminTan;cgsm<½n§/ eBlbgðab;TaMgBIrRsTab; nwgbBa©ÚlCamYyKña. eyIgGackMNt; )ankMras; rbs;RsTab;Rkalebtug edIm,IebtugsMerc)anlkçxNÐenaHKW ¬rUbmnþ ³ !0> @¦³

( )KtthFQ

..

10 −≥ (m³) (10.2)

kñúgenaH Q – brimaNebtugRtUvkaredIm,Icak;ebtugminQb; m³ ¼elIk/

F – épÞrbs;RsTab;ebtugRkalkñúgBum< m²/

t0 – ry³eBlcab;epþImkkrbs;sIum:g;t_ h/

t1 – ry³eBldwkCBa¢ÚnebtugmYyelIk h/

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K – emKuNdwkCBa¢ÚnebtugminesμI (K=0.8 – 0.9) .

ry³eBlrvagkarcak;ebtugBIrelIk (t0 – t1) minGnuBaØtþelIs 2.5 h.

edIm,IGnuvtþcak;)aneRKOgbgÁúMmYyminQb; eKGacGnuvtþcak;ebtug tamDIyaRkam enArUbPaB !0>!$. rUbPaB a TamTa Q Gtibrma eFobCamYyrUb c/ TamTa Q Gb,brma b:uEnþminGnuvtþ)aneBleRbIbgðab;rMj½r.

rUbPaB !0> !$ DIyaRkamRkalebtugcak;minQb;

eBledaymanehtuplbec©keTs-eRKOgbgÁúM minGnuBaØatþ cak;bnþbnÞab;/ b¤ edayehtuplRKb;RKgerobcM minRKb;lkçxNÐerobcMcak;minQb; eKRtUvcak;ebtugman ExSQb;. mann½yfa cak;RsTab;eRkay eBlRsTab;mun)ankkrwg. ry³eBlQb; rbs;RsTab;TaMgBIr man\T§iBldl;KuNPaBeRKOgbgÁúMRtg;kEnøgQb;/ ry³eBlQb; Edll¥bMputKW

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RbmaNBI @0 - @$ ema:g. TItaMgrbs;ExSQb; RtUvdak;enAkEnøgEdl mankMlaMgkat;TTwgtUc/ enAkEnøgEdlmanmuxkat;ERbRbYl/ EdnkMNt;rvageRKOgbgÁúM epþk nig Qr.

cMeBaHssr/ eRKag/ Fñwm/ TItaMgExSQb;dak;dUcrUbPaB !0>!%.

rUbPaB !0>!%> erobcMExSQb;eBlcak;eRKagtamTisQr.

cak;RtUv

cak;minRtUv

a) Tiscak;ebtug/ b) TItaMgExSQb;rvagRKwH/ ssr/ c)

TItaMgExSQb;rvagkMralxNÐ nig Fñwm.

TItaMgExSQb;kMralxNÐ nig Fñwm

eBlTiscak;ebtugRsbCamYyFwñmem ¬b¤ EkgCamYyFñwmrg¦ enaHTItaMgdak;ExSQb; sßitenAkñúgkMNat; ¬!¼$ - #¼$¦> L ¬rUbPaB !0> !^ a ¦.

eBlTiscak;ebtugRsbCamYyFwñmrg ¬b¤ EkgCamYyFñwmem¦ enaHTItaMgdak;ExSQb; sßitenAkñúgkMNat; ¬!¼# - @¼#¦> Lsub ¬rUbPaB !0> !^ b ¦.

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rUbPaB !0> !^> erobcMExSQb;eBlcak;ebtugkMralxNÐ.

TItaMgExSQb;cak;ebtugsMbk nig FñÚ

eBlcak;ebtug sMbk nig FñÚ enaHmindak;ExSQb;/ ehIyRtUvcak;ebtugbnþbnÞab;/ qøúHKñaBITaMgBIxagcUleTAkNþal dUcrUbPaB !0>!& . ebIRbelaHFM ( ) enaHcak;manExSQb; dUcrUbPaB !0>!&.

m20151 −>

rUbPaB !0>!&> TisnigExSQb;eBlcak;ebtug sMbk nig FñÚ.

eBlcak;ebtugsMNg;mYycMnYnrt;Evg dUcpøÚvrfynþ/ enaHExSQb;erobcMeTA ExScenøaH sItuNðPaBrbs;eRKOgbgÁúMenaH.

ExSQb;dak;Rtg;esμI/ EkgCamYyGk½Srbs;eRKOgbgÁúM. eBlcak;manExSQb;RtUvman viFIsaRsþedaHRsayya:gNa eGayebtugrvagRsTab;TaMgBIrxaMsIuy:agmaMCamYyKña.

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CadMbUgRtUveFIVkarsMGatExSQb;muneBlcak;bnþ/ TIBIrRtUveRsacTwksIum:gt_ edIm,I begáInPaBcgsm<½n§. eKenAdak;srésEdksMNaj;rgkMlaMgkat;TTwg enaMTItaMgExS Qb;GaceRCIserIstambMNg.

7> bgðab;ebtug TisedArbs;bgðab;ebtug KwFanaeGayebtugdUcKña/ ENn/ minman)atuPUtRbehagxagkñúg nig ehImxageRkA/ begáItlkçxNÐebtugetagCab;CamYysrésEdk.

manBIrviFIsaRsþbgðab; KW bgðab;edayBlkmμ nig bgðab;edayynþkmμ.

1> viFIsaRsþbgðab;edayBlkm μ

GnuvtþeBlbrimaNebtugtic/ b¤ minmanma:sIunbgðab;. bgðab;edayBlkmμ KuNPaB ebtugminl¥dUcbgðab;ynþkmμ/ eRBaHkMrithab;kñúgebtugGn;Cag. eBlbgðab;eday Blkmμ enaHbrimaNTwkkñúgebtugRtUveRcInCag eBlbgðab;edayma:sIun/ sMrut S ≥

6.

cg;eGayKuNPaBkMritebtug edayBlkm μ esμIkMritebtugbgðab;edayma:sIun enaH brimaNsIum:g;t_RtUvekIneLIgBI !0 - !%°.

]bkrN_eRbIedIm,Ibgðab;ebtug edayBlkmμ KWCabNþakMNt;EdkmUl/ EdkEs,g/ EdkbnÞH >>>.

viFIbgðab;ebtugedayBlkmμ eRkayeBlebtug)anbgðab;cUlBum</ eRbIbnÞHluj² eGayesμImux/ b¤eRbIr)aeQIekoresμI/ eRbI]bkrN_niyayxagelIbgðab;eGaysBV/ bgðab;tamlMdab; Gs;BIkEnøgenHdl;kEnøgepSgrhUtdl;Gs;/ minTukeGaysl;. ebIbrimaNebtugRtUvcak;elOn RtUvcak;CaRsTab;² enaHRtUvcakeRCA bgðab;cuHRsTab; eRkamRbmaN 3-5 cm

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edIm,IbegáItPaBcgsm<½n§l¥rvagbNþaRsTab;ebtugCamYyKña. cMeBaHbNþamMu/ RCug/ b¤ kEnøgmansrésEdkKnKña enaHRtUveRbIedImEdk b¤ EdkEs,g bukeGayGs; minTukeGaysl;. cMeBaHeRKOgbgÁMúesþIg b¤ EvgdUcCa ssr/ bgðab; enaHkñúglMnaMbgðab;eRbI GnøÚgeQIeKaHeGayxøaMgxageRkABum<.

bgðab;edayBlkmμrhUtdl; eBleXIjebtugminmansMruteTot/ Twkkñúgebtugecj eLIgelIépÞmun KW)an. ebIeBlenH enAbnþbgðab;eTotnwgman\T§iBl minl¥dl;KuNPaB ebtug.

2> viFIsaRsþbgðab;edayma:sIun

eRbIeBlbrimaNebtugeRcIn/ kñúglkçxNÐkardæanmanGKiÁsnI/ manma:sIunbgðab;.

bgðab;ebtugedayma:sIun manKuNsm,tiþeRcInCag bgðab;edayBlkmμ. eRBaHeRbI ebtugs¶ÜtCag/ dUcenH snSMsMéc)an !0-!%° sIum:g;t_/ bnßyBlkmμ/ plitPaBx<s;/ KuNPaBebtugFana. eCosvag)ankMhussÁgeRcInkñúgkargarsagsg;ebtug/ PaBrwg maMekIneLIg.

bNþaRbePTbgðab;rMj½r EdlRtUv)aneRbIR)as;kñúgkargarsagsg;KW ³

• bgðab;rMj½rkñúg ¬bgðab;ruk¦

• bgðab;rMj½reRkA ¬bgðab;BüÜr¦

• bgðab;épÞ ¬bgðab;bnÞH¦

a. bgðab;rMj½rkñúg ¬bgðab;ruk¦

eBleRbIbgðab;rMj½rkñúg RtUveKarBtameKalkarN_xageRkam ³

• bgðab;Canic©kalRtUvdak;TisEkgCamYymuxebtug/ ebIeRKOgbgÁúMeRTt enaH eTIbdak;bgðab;eRTt)an.

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• ebIebtugcak;CaRsTab;eRcIn/ enaHbgðab;RtUvcuH)an 5-10cm cUlRsTab; ebtug)ancak;mun ¬rUbPaB !0> !*a¦.

• kMras;rbs;RsTab;ebtug cak;edIm,Ibgðab;minRtUvelIs #¼$ RbEvgrbs;Fñwm.

• ry³eBlbgðab;RtUvGb,brma/ EtgenAkñúgry³eBl !%-^0 vinaTI.

• eBlbgðab;cb;TIkEnøgmYy/ bMlas;TIbþÚreTATIkEnøgepSg RtUvRsay²/ dkecj b¤ rukbgðab;RtUvtamsMrYl.

• cMgayrvagTIkEnøgbgðab;BIr RtUvtUcCagBIrdgkaM\T§iBlrbs;bgðab;/ Etgyk BI 1-1.5r0 ¬rUbPaB !0>!* b¦.

• cMgayBITItaMgbgðab; dl;Bum< RtUvCa ³ 2d < l1≤ 0.5r0 U.

• nigcMgayrvag TItaMgbgðab;cugeRkaybg¥s; dl;TItaMgRtUvcak;ebtugbnþeTot KW ³ l2 ≥ 2r0

kñúgenaH ³ d – Ggát;p©wtrbs;bgðab;ruk/ r0 - kaM\T§iBlrbs;bgðab;.

rUbPaB !0>!*> TItaMgrbs;bgðab;ebtug eBleRbIbgðab;ruk³

a) muxkat;/ b) bøg;dak;TItaMgbgðab;/ !> Bum</ @> bgðab;ruk/

#-RsTab;ebtugkMBugcak;/ $> RsTab;ebtugcak;mun/ %> kaM\T§iBlrbs;bgðab;/

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^> EdnkMNt;bgðab;.

edIm,IerIs)anRbePTbgðab;/ brimaNbgðab; RtUveRbIR)as; kñúgkargarsagsg;ebtug/ RtUvkMNt;plitPaBbec©keTsrbs;ma:sIunbgðab; tamrUbmnþ ³

21

20

36002tt

rPt += δ / m³/h ¬!0>#¦

kñúgenaH ³ r0 – kaM\T§iBlrbs;bgðab;/ GaRs½yedayRbePTbgðab;/

δ – kMras;rbs;RsTab;ebtugRtUvbgðab;/

t1 – ry³eBlbgðab;/ t1 – GaRs½yedayel,Ónbgðab;/ RbePTebtug.

t2 – ry³eBlcaM)ac;bþÚrbgðab; BITItaMgenH eTATItaMgepSg/ t2 = 5-8s

smßPaBeRbIR)as;rbs;bgðab; KW ³

tu PKP .= ¬!0>$¦

K – emKuNeRbIR)as;/ EtgykBI 0/^-0/*%.

b. bgðab;épÞ ¬bgðab;bnÞH¦

bgðab;muxeRbIedIm,Ibgðab;ebtugbNþaeRKOgbgÁúMsMNg; cak;CapÞaMg/ b¤eRKOgbgÁúMman épÞFM nig kMras;BI 3-35 cm. kMras;Gtib,brmarbs;eRKOgbgÁúMsMNg; edIm,IeRbI R)as;bgðab;épÞKW 3-20 cm.

eBleRbIR)as;bgðab;épÞ edIm,Ibgðab;ebtugRtUveKarBtameKalkarN_xageRkam ³

• RtUvkMNt;ry³eBlbgðab; eGayRbePTeRKOgbgÁúMnimYy² nig RbePTbgðab;.

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• cMgayrvagTItaMgbgðab;BIrCab;CamYyKña/ RtUv)ansIuCamYyKñaRbmaN 3-5

cm ¬rUbPaB !0>!(¦.

rUbPaB !0>!(> bgðab;ebtugedaybgðab;épÞ³

a) viFIbgðab;/ b) bøg;erobcMdak;bgðab;

!> TItaMgkMBugbgðab;/ @> bþÚrbgðab;/ #> bgðab;enATItaMgfμI.

plitPaBbec©keTsbgðab;épÞ GackMNt;tamrUbmnþ ¬!0>%¦

21

3600.tt

FPt += δ / m³/h ¬!0>%¦

kñúgenaH ³ F – épÞbgðab;ebtug m² /

δ – kMras;rbs;RsTab;ebtugRtUvbgðab; m/

t1 – ry³eBlbgðab;/ t1 – GaRs½yedayel,Ónbgðab;/ RbePTebtug.

t2 – ry³eBlcaM)ac;bþÚrbgðab; BITItaMgenH eTATItaMgepSg/ t2 = 5-8s

smßPaBeRbIR)as;rbs;bgðab; KW ³

tu PKP .= ¬!0>^¦

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K – emKuNeRbIR)as;/ EtgykBI 0/^-0/*%.

c. bgðab;eRkA ¬bgðab;BüÜr¦

enHCaRbePTbgðab;EdleK BüÜreTAnigBum</ eBlbgðab;/ CamYyrMj½rrbs;bgðab;/ GRgunTaMgBum< nig TaMgebtug. edaysarkarGRgunenH Edlebtugrt;cUlKñaya:g ENn. cg;bgðab;ebtug)an KWtMrUvkarRbB½n§Bum< RtUvRKb;PaBrwgmaM. krNIeRbIR)as; RbePTbgðab;enH RKan;EteRbIsMrab;eRKOgbgÁúM mankMras;esþIg/ b¤ KWkñúgbNþaerag cRkebtug/ RbB½n§bgðab;enH P¢ab;eTAnigRbB½n§elIbNþabnÞHGRgun.

rUbPaB !0>@0 KWviFIkMNt;EKm eTABum< nig DIya:RkamsruberobcMRbB½n§bgðab;elIBum< CBa¢aMg.

rUbPaB !0> @0 viFIkMNt;bgðab;

BüÜreTABum<³

a) viFIkMNt;bgðab;

b) DIya;RkamerobcMbgðab;

!>Bum</ @> srésEdk/ #> eQI/ $> bnÞHEdk/ %>dak;RbB½n§bgðab;.

EfTaMebtug nig rkSaBum<

8> EfTaMebtug nig edaHBum< ³ 1> EfTaM

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lMnaMkkrwgrbs;ebtug KWCalMnaMekIteLIgRbtikmμ vIrIkmμ rvagsIum:g;t_ nig TwkkñúgdMu ebtug.

EfTaMebtugEdleTIbcak; KWbegáItlkçxNÐl¥ eGaykarcgsm<½n§rbs;ebtug. EfTaM ebtugmanTisedAmineGayTwkxageRkA RCabcUlebtugEdleTIbcak;/ mineGay)at;bg; TwkelIépÞ/ mineGaybnÞúkRbtikmμ eBlebtugminTan;rgkMlaMg)an/ minbgáreGayj½r EdleFIVeGayrlugsrésEdk.

ebtugeTIbcak;ehIy RtUv)aMg minrg\T§iBledayePøóg/ kMedA nig RtUvrkSasMeNIm Cab;lab;.

kñúgrdUvekþA b¤ s¶Üt eBlcak;ebtug cab;RtUveRsacPøam elIépÞeRKOgbgÁúMmYyRsTab; rkSasMeNIm dUcCa )av/ Gacm’rNa/ CBa¢aMg/ cMebIg/ xSac; b¤ )avsIum:gt_.

cMeBaHebtugeRbIsIum:g;t_ bk;Eln RtUvrkSasMeNImticbMput KW & Ef¶ & yb;. ebIeRbI sIum:g;t_ GuksIut GalumIj:Úm KWrkSasMeNIm # éf¶ & yb;. BIréf¶dMbUg ral; @ ema:g eRsacTwkmYydg. elIkdMbUg eRkayeBlcak;ebtug)anBI $ - & ema:g. b:unμanéf¶ eRkayRbmaN #-!0 ema:g eRsacmYydg GaRs½yedaysItuNðPaB ¬sItuNðPaB kan;EtekIn kan;EteRsaceRcIn/ kan;EtTabkan;EteRsactic¦. kargarCan;elIebtug RKan;EtGnuBaØat eBlebtugsMerc)an 24 kG/cm² ¬rdUcR)aMg !-@ éf¶/ rdUvesIm # éf¶¦. ebIEfTaMebtugminl¥ nwgekIteLIg)atuPUtsrépÞ/ kMritrwgmaMexSayNas; eFobCamYkMritmaMKNna/ b¤ EbkRkLa.

2> edaHBum<

kMrits¥itrbs;ebtug eTAnigBum<ekIntamry³eBl/ dUcenHRtUvedaHBum< eBlebtugsMerc kMritrwgmaM EdlRtUvkar.

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ry³eBledaHBum< minrgkMlaMg c,ab;sagsg;minkMNt;/ CaFmμtaebtugsMerckMritrwgmaM ! -@ éf¶ GaRs½yedayKuNPaBebtug/ KuNPaBsIum:g;t_/ briyas >>>.l.

taragvivDÆn_kMritrwgmaMebtugsIum:gt_bk;Eln GaRs½yedaysItuNðPaB rUbPaB !0>@!.

rUbPaB !0>@!> taragbgðajkarvivDÆn_ karekInkMritrbs;ebtug tamry³eBl nig

sItuNðPaB.

edaHBum<rgkMlaMgGnuBaØatþ eBlebtugsMerckMritrwgmaMtamsmamaRt ° eFobCakMrit rwgmaMKNnadUcxageRkam ³

• cMeBaH bnÞHkMral/ e)a:m eRkam 2 m : 50%

• cMeBaHFwñm/ ceg¥IreRkam 8 m : 70%

• cMeBaH bnÞHkMral/ e)a:m eRkam 2 -6 m : 70%

• cMeBaHFwñm/ ceg¥IrelIs 8 m : 100%

eBlebtugsMercdUcxagelI enAGaRs½yedaykMedA/ RbePTsIum:gt_.

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