i. development of the northwest economy: 1800-the great depression native settlement – coastal...
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I. Development of the Northwest Economy: 1800-The Great Depression
• Native settlement – coastal & interior• The Fur Trade Era• Overland Settlers: The Oregon Trail• Fish• Timber• Agriculture• Local Mining and The Alaska Gold Rush• Railroads• The great conservation movement at the end of the 19th
century
Map of Hudson’s Bay Trade
Source: Mackie, Trading Beyond the Mountains
Location of Lumber Mills 1850-1880
The Great Railroad Boom: 1883-1929
Northern Pacific Land Grant
Completion of Northern Pacific Railroad Connection, 1883
Asian Crew Constructing Log Loading Station, Ca. 1910
Steam Donkey Yarding Logs, 1910
Timber Drives Development in Washington Up to 1930
Index Relative to 1930
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
1
1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930
Lumber Output
Wood ProductsEmployment
WashingtonPopulation
Horse-drawn Combine in the Palouse, 1909
Fishing at Celilo Falls, Columbia River (n.d.)
Source: UW Libraries Digital Collections - Industries & Occupations Collection
Source: UW Libraries Digital Collections - Industries & Occupations Collection
Scow Fish Wheel Columbia River (n.d.)
Source: UW Libraries Digital Collections - Industries & Occupations Collection
Brailing Salmon From a Fish Trap, Possibly Puget Sound (n.d.)
Gold Mining at Monte Cristo 1906: Photo by Ashael Curtis
Alaska Gold Rush
July 17, 1897 thesteamer Portlandarrived in Seattlewith a “ton of gold,”That actually turnedout to be two tonsof gold.
Routes to the Klondike
Closing the Frontier
• Establishment of National Forests
• Designation of National Parks
• Repeal of Public Land Disposal Laws (except Mining Laws of 1872)
• Land Grants to States
Non-Economic Forces Related to Early Settlement (Johansen)
1. Nationalism
2. Escape harsh weather (of the midwest)
3. Escape the slavery problem
4. Reap the bounty of a new land
5. Accept offer of free land
6. To be a “frontiersman”
II. Modern Settlement Forces and Patterns: WW-II to Present
• Depression-era public works & Columbia-Snake River Hydropower system development through the 1970’s
• Growth of High-Tech Manufacturing• Rise of the Service Economy• Emergence of Government in the economic
base• Current demographic trends
The Historic and Modern Role of Timber in the Washington Economy
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
18
50
18
70
18
90
19
10
19
30
19
50
19
70
19
90
Ind
ex
Ye
ar
19
30
= 1
.0
Lumber Output
Wood ProductsEmployment
WashingtonPopulation
Labor productivityclearly evident
Washington State Employment
Share of Washington State Jobs
Employment Trend - Technology Based Industries-Washington State 1974-2011
The Growth of Nonearnings Income (Transfer payments, Dividends, Interest, Rent)
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
ID OR WA
Sh
are
of
Per
son
al I
nco
me
1969
1985
2011
Non-Earnings Income Trend:It is now a substitute for work in many
regional economy’s economic base
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Statewide King Lincoln Pacific San Juan
Sh
are
of
Per
son
al I
nco
me
1969
1985
2011
Stability in Shares of Regional Population Since 1920
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%18
5018
6018
7018
8018
9019
0019
1019
2019
3019
4019
5019
6019
7019
8019
9020
0020
10
Perc
ent
of R
egio
nal P
opul
ation
WA
OR
ID
Metropolitan Population Shares Have Continued to Increase (2009 metro definitions)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Idaho Oregon Washington
Urb
an P
op
ula
tio
n S
har
e
1970
1990
2000
2010
Metro Growth Rates Have Consistently Outpaced Nonmetro Growth Rates
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
1970-1990 1990-2000 2000-2007
An
nu
al G
row
th R
ate ID Metro
OR Metro
WA Metro
ID Nonmetro
OR Nonmetro
WA Nonmetro
Based on 2009 Definitions of Metro and Nonmetro