I. FOOD CROPS

Food crops were produced carbohydrate as sources of

protein and energy for humans

Wheat (Triticum aesticum L.)Is the single most important crop on a global scale. Used for human & animal nutrition. World annualy production 600 MtProvides 20 % energy & 25 % protein 6.6 billion people of the world

GANDUM DI INDONESIA

• Penggiling/penumbuk gandum

menjadi tepung di Indonesia PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Bogasari Flour Mills

• Kebutuhan terigu (tepung gandum) 3,2 juta ton/tahun

• Bahan utama pembuat roti, mie, martabak dan lainnya

• 70 % tepung gandum UKM; Indofood 18 %

• 1 kg terigu Rp 3.000 (Nop 2003)

15 mangkok mie

• Tanaman gandum di ndonesia baru pd tingkat penelitian

• Produktifitas 5 ton/ha di KPC (1.600 m dpl 18 C)

WHEAT VAR. DEWATA IN EAST JAVA

Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The second most important food crops globally in

terms of sources of energy and protein in human nutrition.

World annualy production 500 Mt 1.6 billion people

That is Some 70% of the world’s poor!…and nearly all of them eat rice two or three

times a day!Human Development Report, 1997

90% of the world’s rice is

produced and consumed in Asia.

Current annual demand for rice in Asia is 533

million tons of paddy

Robert S. Zeigler Director General International Rice Research Institute(International Rice Conference 2005. IAARD – IRRI. Bali, Indonesia September 12 – 14 th 2005.)

Nutrition from rice (selected Asian countries, 1999)

Sources: FAO online database (2001); World Development Report (2002); World Bank

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Calories

Protein

Maize (Zea mays L.)

Indian corn America; The third food crops globally, with three main purposes :

1. human food particulary in the tropic (energy & protein),

2. feed for livestock (two -thirds of total in feed grains).

3. raw material or many industrial products;

• Planted at : 1.423.000.000 km-2 588 Mt (4 t.ha--1);

• Have C4 photosynthetic pathway;

• Indonesia imported ± 1 million ton per year

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Potato makes the largest contribution to the total production of tuber

crops. Annual world production currently totals 274 million ton on 18

million ha. The Russian federation rank as the world’s largest producer,

followed closely by China. In the early 1990s, 30 % of the global

potato output was produced in developing countries, Asia, Africa & Latin

America

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)

Geographic origin : China; The fifth most important food

crops globally or ranked no 5 worldwide among the 30

leading food crops; Grain legumes are one of the primary

sources of protein for humans and their animals;

Important grain legumes because of higher protein and

oils; The caloric energy per unit mass of oils is higher

than that of stored carbohydrates; Sensitive to

photoperiod; 100 - 150 days old with daily air temperatur

20 - 30 C; Indonesia imported 1.5 million ton per year

II. HORTICULTURE CROPS

Penghasil gizi & vitamin unt pemenuhan

kebutuhan pangan ; tan hias untuk

pemenuhan kebutuhan jiwa & pendukung

lingkungan untuk melestarikan ekosistem

kehidupan

Fruits

Alpokat (Persea americana Mill.)

Durian (Durio zibethinus)

Nanas (Ananas comusus)

Jeruk (Citrus sp.)

Mangga (Manginfera indica L.)

Pisang (Musa paradisica L.)

Vegetables

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)

Brokoli (Brassica oleraceae var Italica Plenck.)

Cabe (Capsicum sp.)

Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Kubis (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata)

Mentimun (Cucumis sativus)

Terong (Solanum melongena L.)

Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum L.)

Wortel (Daucus carota L.)

Ornamentals PlantsTanaman bunga potong

Tanaman pot (out door & indoor plant)

Medicines Plants

Jahe

Temulawak

Kunyit

Sambiloto

Kapulaga

Mahkota Dewa

Gingko giloba

III. Tanaman pakan ternak,

penghasil biji-bijian dan

hijauan untuk makanan

ternak

• Jagung

• Rumput gajah/elephant grass

• Kacang-kacangan

IV. INDUSTRY CROPS

Tanaman penghasil bahan pendukung utama bagi

kebutuhan hidup manusia

Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.), Beet

Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)

Karet (Hevea braziliensis l.)

Kopi (Coffea sp.)

Teh (Camelia sinensis L.)

Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Kapas (Gossypium sp.)

Ketela pohon (Manihot esculenta)

Kelapa (Cocos nucifera)

Kelapa sawit (Elais guinensis)

Bambu, Kenaf, Pisang Abaca, Acacia sp

BAMBO BICYCLE

Sawit, Kelapa, Bunga matahari, Kedelai, Canola, Jarak

V. BIOFUEL CROPS

VERY PROMISING

Posisi # 2 terpopuler di dunia sebagai

minyak yang dapat dikonsumsi (kedelai =

31%, kelapa sawit = 24%)

Pertumbuhan permintaannya tertinggi di

dunia (kelapa sawit = 9%, kedelai = 8%)

Indonesia merupakan produsen minyak

kelapa sawit terbesar kedua di dunia

Diproyeksikan menjadi yang terbesar

karena keunggulan kompetitifnya

(ketersediaan lahan, kualitas tanah yang

baik, tenaga kerja yang berlimpah, iklim

yang menunjang)

Indonesia diperkirakan bisa mengungguli

Malaysia di tahun 2010

Prospek Industri Kelapa Sawitby Ir. Michael PT. Sinar Mas, FKPT-PI Manado 2006

Kegunaan Palm Oil & Palm Kernel Oil – Food

Kegunaan Palm Oil & Palm Kernel Oil – Non Food

Inks

Rubber

Explosive

Toiletries

Lubricant

Leather Industry

Steel mill application

Diesel substitute

Pharmaceutical

Tobacco

Soap

Cosmetics

Paper Industry

Textiles

Detergents

Animal Feed

Inks

Rubber

Explosive

Toiletries

Lubricant

Leather Industry

Steel mill application

Diesel substitute

Pharmaceutical

Tobacco

Soap

Cosmetics

Paper Industry

Textiles

Detergents

Animal Feed

Nama Nama Latin Sumber Kadar, %-b kering P / NP

Jarak pagar Jatropha curcas Inti biji 40 – 60 NP

Sawit Elais guineensis Sabut + dg buah 45-70 + 46-54 P

Kapok/randu Ceiba pentandra Biji 24 – 40 NP

Kelapa Cocos nucifera Daging buah 60 – 70 P

Kecipir Psophocarpus tetrag. Biji 15 – 20 P

Kelor Moringa oleifera Biji 30 – 49 P

Kusambi Sleichera trijuga Daging biji 55 – 70 NP

Nimba Azadirachta indica Daging biji 40 – 50 NP

Saga utan Adenanthera pavonina Inti biji 14 – 28 P

Akar kepayang Hodgsonia macrocarpa Biji 65 P

Gatep pait Samadera indica Biji 35 NP

Kepoh Sterculia foetida Inti biji 45 – 55 NP

Ketiau Madhuca mottleyana Inti biji 50 – 57 P

Nyamplung Callophyllum inophyllum Inti biji 40 – 73 NP

Randu alas Bombax malabaricum Biji 18 – 26 NP

Seminai Madhuca utilis Inti biji 50 – 57 P

Siur (-siur) Xanthophyllum lanceatum Biji 35 – 40 P

Tengkawang tungkul Shorea stenoptera Inti biji 45 – 70 P

Tengk. terindak Isoptera borneensis Inti biji 45 – 70 P

Bidaro Ximenia americana Inti biji 49 – 61 NP

Bintaro Cerbera manghas/odollam Biji 43 – 64 NP

Bulangan Gmelina asiatica Biji ? NP

Cerakin/Kroton Croton tiglium Inti biji 50 – 60 NP

Kampis Hernandia peltata Biji ? NP

Kemiri cina Aleurites trisperma Inti biji ? NP

Nagasari (gede) Mesua ferrea Biji 35 – 50 NP

Sirsak Annona muricata Inti biji 20 – 30 NP

Srikaya Annona squamosa Biji 15 – 20 NP

Tumbuhan Indonesia Penghasil Minyak-Lemak

P minyak/lemak Pangan (edible fat/oil), NP minyak/lemak Non-Pangan (nonedible fat/oil). Sumber: Soerawidjaja, 2004

Jatropha curcasJARAK PAGAR (Jatropha cucrcas L)

Sumber : Dr. David Allorerung, 2005

Tanaman tahunan sampai 50 tahun, berbentuk semak, tinggi mencapai 3 – 5 m. Daun agak lebar, berwarna hijau muda sampai hijau tua, semi menjari, dengan 5 – 7 lekukan.

Berbuah pada berumur 6 bln

setelah tanam, produksi

maksimal tercapai setelah umur

4 tahun.

Biji berbentuk oval dengan berat

0,4 – 0,6 g/biji, kadar minyak 30 –

40 % (dari kernel 50 – 60 %).

Pada kondisi optimal dapat

dipanen 2- 3 kali per tahun.