“I Hunt Sys Admins”(U) Will@harmj0y

$ whoami● Security researcher and red teamer for the

Veris Group’s Adaptive Threat Division

● Co-founder of the Veil-Framework and founder of Veil’s PowerTools

● Cons:o Shmoocon ‘14: AV Evasion with the Veil Frameworko Defcon ‘14: Veil-Pillage: Post-exploitation 2.0o Derbycon ‘14: Passing the Torch: Old School Red

Teaming, New School Tactics?

What this is● Ways to hunt for target users on Windows

domains

● Ya really, that’s it

● Will cover as many tools and technique for doing this as I have time for

Setting the Stage● This talk is from the “assume breach”

perspectiveo i.e. assume foothold/access to a Windows domain

machine

● I’m also going to assume you know (more or less) what users you’re targeting

● PowerShell methods are going to heavily rely on PowerViewo https://github.com/veil-framework/PowerTools

Motivations● Most common:

o If you have a privileged account, or local admin account, you want to figure out where high value users are logged in

● Hunt -> pop box -> Mimikatz -> profit

● Other times you might have domain admin rights and need to target specific users to demonstrate impacto e.g. popping a CEO’s desktop and email

Where my sysadmins at?Finding your prey

Existing Tech● Several tools have been written that allow

you to figure out who’s logged in where

● I’ll cover what’s already out there, including the positives/negatives for each

● “Offensive in depth”o You always want multiple ways of achieving the

same objective in your attack chain

● Component of Microsoft’s Sysinternalso “...determines who is logged on by scanning the

keys under the HKEY_USERS key.”o “To determine who is logged onto a computer via

resource shares, PsLoggedOn uses the NetSessionEnum API.”

● Needs remote registry access to determine who’s logged ino i.e. admin privileges on a remote machine

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb897545.aspx

psloggedon.exe

psloggedon.exe

netsess.exe● Component of

http://www.joeware.net/freetools/

● Utilizes the NetSessionEnum API callo http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/des

ktop/bb525382(v=vs.85).aspx

● Think a version of “net session” that works on remote machines!o great for targeting file servers :)o no admin privs needed!

netsess.exe

PVEFindADUser.exe● Tool released by corelanc0d3r in 2009

● “Helps you find where AD users are logged in”o Can also check who’s logged into specific machines

● But “...you also need to have admin access on the computers you are running the utility against.”

https://www.corelan.be/index.php/2009/07/12/free-tool-find-where-ad-users-are-logged-on-into/

PVEFindADUser.exe

netview.exe● Rob Fuller (@mubix’s) netview.exe project,

presented at Derbycon 2012, is a tool to “enumerate systems using WinAPI calls”

● Finds all machines on the network, enumerates shares, sessions, and logged in users for each hosto And now can check share access, highlight high

value users, and use a delay/jitter :)o and also, no admin privs needed!

https://github.com/mubix/netview

netview.exe

Nmap● If you have a valid domain account, or local

account valid for several machines, you can use smb-enum-sessions.nse

● Don’t need to have admin privileges!nmap -sU -sS --script smb-enum-sessions.nse --script-args 'smbuser=jasonf,smbpass=BusinessBusinessBusiness!' -p U:137,T:139 192.168.52.0/24

http://nmap.org/nsedoc/scripts/smb-enum-sessions.html

Nmap

Email Headers● If you have access to someone’s email

(Mimikatz+OWA, etc.) internal headers can provide a wealth of information

● Search for any chains to/from target users, and examine headers for given email chains

● If the “X-Originating-IP” header is present, you can trace where a user sent a given email from

PowerShell“Microsoft’s Post-Exploitation Language”

Invoke-UserHunter● Flexible function that:

o queries AD for hosts or takes a target listo queries AD for users of a target group, or takes a

list/single usero uses Win32 API calls to enumerate sessions

(NetSessionEnum) and logged in users (NetWkstaUserEnum), matching against the target user list

● Can also check to see if you have local admin access on targetso but no admin privs needed to get good info!

Invoke-UserHunter

Invoke-StealthUserHunter● Uses an old red teaming trick

1. Queries AD for all users and extracts all homeDirectory fields to identify likely domain file servers

2. Runs NetSessionEnum against each file server to enumerate remote sessions, matching against target user list

● Gets reasonable coverage with a lot less traffic than UserHuntero and again, no admin privs needed

Invoke-StealthUserHunter

Invoke-UserLogonHunter● Sometimes you have DA, but need to target

specific users (think the IR team :)

● Domain controller event logs make it trivial to track down domain users, provided you have domain admin access

● Get-UserLogonEvents implements @sixdub’s work on offensive event parsingo Invoke-UserLogonHunter rolls this all into a

weaponized form

Invoke-UserEventHunter

Questions?● Contact me:

o @harmj0yo will@harmj0y.neto harmj0y in #veil and #armitage on Freenode

● Read more:o http://blog.harmj0y.neto https://www.veil-framework.com

● Get PowerView:o https://github.com/Veil-Framework/PowerTools