I. Industrialization

1800-1870

Answer these Questions

• #1: What do you believe is the most important technological innovation in the recent years?

• #2: What does it mean when we say a country is “developed”?

• #3: What are examples of “underdeveloped” countries?

A. Industrial Revolution in Great Britain

1. Contributing Factors

a. Increase in Food Supply

b. Population growth

c. Availability of Capital/Entrepreneur's

d. Natural Resource rich

e. market’s available for sale of goods

2. Changes in production

a. Cottage Industry – methods of production were completed within a rural home

example… cotton industry

- spinners made thread by hand

- weavers wove thread in a loom

3. New Inventions made Cottage Industry inefficient

a. Water powered looms Steam Engine – for both weaving and spinning machinery

b. Fired by coal, which meant factories could be located away from water sources

4. Iron Production

a. Process called “Puddling” used a material called coke to make iron stronger

“Pig Iron”

5. Railroads

a. The Rocket was the first train

b. RR’s created jobs, faster transportation and lower priced goods = more sales = more capital to reinvest

6. New Factories

a. New Labor systems were created

1) Owners used Shift workers

2) Strict discipline was enforced

3) “Make men into machine’s that do not err”

II. Social ImpactA. Growth of cities

1. Overcrowding, unsanitary conditions, industrial pollution

2. Working Conditions– Demands for Reform:

long hours, low wages, lousy conditions

• European Population– 1750 140m– 1800 187m 29%Δ– 1850 266m 35%Δ

• London– 1800 1m– 1850 2.4m– 1900 4m

• Berlin– 1700 30,000– 1850 450,000– 1900 2 million

B. Industrial Middle Class created

1. Commercial CapitalismIndustrial Capitalism

- Trade - Industry

2. Bourgeois Developed

a. Industry and Banking executives

b. qualities included initiative, vision, ambition and greed

c. “getting money is the business of man”

C. Ideas About Business Success: Social Darwinism

1. Survival of the Fittest– Darwin’s theory of evolution to understand differences in

culture and class structure– Wealthy people were naturally more evolved than poor

people– Powerful nations were naturally more evolved than less

powerful nations

D. Industrial Working Class

1. 12-16 hour work days, 6 days a week

2. Dirty, dusty and dangerous work conditions

3. Women and Children made up 2/3’s of workforce and received at least 50% less then men.

Increased Transportation and Communication and New Technology

Increased Business with no regulation

Labor Problems, Environmental Problems,Divide between the “Have’s” and the “Have Not’s” increases

Effects of Industrialization

Read the documents through

Get into Groups

5 minutes to discuss the document

Each group will give a short presentation (1-2 mins) on the document

E. Revolutionary Ideas: Socialism

• Karl Marx– Wrote “Communist

Manifesto”– Supported public

ownership of all land– Society was divided into

“haves” and “have nots”• Bourgeoisie = owners of

business• Proletariat = workers

– Marx believed the poor would get so poor they would rebel and overthrow the bourgeoisie

• Successes– Socialist & Communist

organizations improved working conditions and gave workers a political voice

• Failures– Marx preached

internationalism but ignored the strength of nationalism

Communist Manifesto