)

I.'VI- •

• 41 '8~,De~rtment of the Interior, Oscar r:-aKaiinan"secreta:t7-" Fish and ~~ildlife Servioe, Albert M. Day, Director

.. _-----.. --Fishery Leaflet 363

Washington 25.t. p:._C • . ~ _______ ~ __ - __ ---!--a-n-u-a~ry-l:..~ J

By John Panos and Quincy F. Roberts

--------Contents

~'l.Ge I 2 5 5 6

' : Page Introduction ........ Imp o,rts

~ports

••••••••• ., • • • • • • 6 Produc"t;oion ' ............ ' •••••••••••••••• 8 Distrib~tion ••••.•••• Manufacturing •••••••• Consumption ••••••••••

ReGula tions ............. 8 Fisheri es Adlilinistra tion 8 Comment •••••••••••••••• 10

Introduction .. -..;.,;;.;......;;.....;;

In Eg-fPtt s postwar plans to improve the well-being of her increasing,population figure the reorganization and expansion of thefisllins industry. 'Sgypt, 1Nith a tIed1 tcrranean l,ittoral "to the north:, a long sea coast on the'Red Sea to the cast, and an extensive system of lakes, canals, drainage and irrigation wor1cs connected with the Nile may become self­sufficient in edible fish and solve the :!.Jrob,lem of fceding her under-nourished population.

Sal t and fresh water fish supply proteins, calciUIil, iodine, phosphorus and many other ~lernents V'Jry useful in the diet of the people.

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Egyptian fisheries fall into three categories:

(I,) ~1arinc or pelag.ic fisheries centered in, the , Mediterranoan Sea, ' theRedScaand 'the ' b"'Uez Canal. In

this category is sponge t:isA~ng car:r;ied on, off the coast betwoen Alexandria and sollum.·

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Report No. 95, Aiexandria, Egypt. December 6, 1949 . . . . -

(2) · Lake fisheries carried on in IAkes .... la·. Borollos, Edkou and Karoun, as wetl as the &rda",11 alitt Oasis Siwa lagoons.

(3) Inland fisheries in the .Nile with its canals. drainage and irrigation works.

Edi ble Egyptian fish arc classifiod as l 'ollows:

11edi tcrranean fish - first quality Red Sea fish - second quality lake and river fish - third quality

It is estimated that 50,000 man and 18,000 boys are 0.ngaged in fishine with an annual yroductlon of approximately 50, 000 !1~ctric tons of f is:l valued at a million ":€(ptian pounds.

Production

Egypt YJitl1 a (~oast line of !!lore tt.an 2,500 kilometl')rs on th r; Medi t c rranean, ~hq R~d .Sea and th.'3 Nile River systQIll. has a low catch in .edible marinc and fr'Jsh water fish.

Primi ti va fishi ng tll3 t hods arc responsible for tile sma ll tal~ing. 1.1ost of 'C )~e fishin8 is dono by native fisher­men in old vesse ls v,it l l p:::'ir.1i tive c~ar. Other factors against

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the full dCV:31o !)r.l'~nt of th :; industI"J nrc (a) fishillB in I~. Egyptian ':intors is r.:)stricted to EGYptians, and (b) two-thinls ,~ of th8 Egypt.ian fishiJ".g flc ,:;t is in ne r:d of repairs.

Prior to tha outbreak of ". :orld 1.1a:::, II GrceIr~ from th J Dodecan:;sc Islands and Italians frOM Sicily employed modern equipMent in fishing, but thoy have gpne.

In 1938 a nnual production was about 55,000 n~tric tons. This dropped in war years to 30,000 metric tons, most of which came from j,tiland fish(~ries. The 1948 catch is esti­mated at 42,000 f'l otric tons. Forecasts for 1949 place total takings somewhat below th8 1948 fiB'lro because (If tho small sard ine ea teh.

Th o 1948 catch wns:

----:-----------_.;:::====:;:::==::::;::;=:;::=;: SoURCE METRIC T~-' PERCE"" CF rOTA. TAKING

MARIII£ FI9-IERIES ................. 12.5CX) 29.0

LAKE FISHER IES ••••••••••••••••••• 25,cxx> 59.5

INL~ FI9-IERIES ••••••••••••••••• 4,5CX) 11.5 42,cxx>

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Marino fishing

Of the total for marine fishing it is estimated that the sardine catch accounts for 40 percent o.r 5,000 tons, coasta.l fisheries for 3,.500 tons 011 28 percent. and trawling for 4',000 tons or 32 percent.

Sardine fishing supplies the Egyptian laborer with one of his , important foods. The season is fO'rabout four :plonths and depcmdsupon the floods of the Nile Riv(3r lasting from August to January. Sardines approaching 'Egyptian waters from the direction ' 01' Algeria are attracted by the great. ' quantity of food "pouring into the, Mediterranean by thG' Nile. The regions about Port Said, Damietta, Lake Borollos, . I.ake

. Manzala and Aboukir are th8 principal sardine areas.

Primitive methods are usBdfn ' sardi'ne· fishin~. Usu,ally three sail boats work togeth:3r.: Those boa ts a;e mado of ':wooo. and vary , from 30 to ' 50 tons each. ' SomS of those are

" .' : equlpped with ai~sei,mot.6ri:i' ranging' from 60 to 150 HP. Drift ", '£ind", s'aine nets · · 'ai~·.c "li'sea.' ,' .. '. . ... ... '" ... .. :~ ' . . . ~ ", : ~ ' .,

. '} ..... . . .. .

fishing.

. ...... . , " . . '" . ~ . • • , 1,

About 950 "small ·fishi.ng, :V:9ssels are engaged in sardine .' ,'. f ' • • , o. .... : . • " : ~ t. " .. .,.. . ', .

.. f • ~. • ~ • •

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, : . About 15b travJlers operate : in Egyptian 'waters • .. - " j , . "

EightGen 0,1' thes'e 'are' at' Suez", 40 ~t. A1.~xo.ndria and 92 at Port &'1.id.. Prior to World Vlar II Iilpst 'of these ;fiShermen Vlere European. Now a majority ,arc EGYptian~ Annual cntch amounts tp approximately 4,000 metric tons •

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lake fisheries

Tae ' four prinCipal sources of delta lo.ko fish arc Inkes Manzalo., Boroilos, Fdkou 'and Mnriout. They arc v~ell stocked, because of , their connections with the sea and with

, irrigo.tionond >drdinagG canals; and by restocking by the Fish­eries Administration, It is estimatcdtho.t fiftaen to twenty million f~J are r ,eloased in thGselalccs each year.

Another important lake is Karoun, near Ca.iro. This lo.ke at one time wns fed by the Nile Rivor but .irrigntion sch~os cut off its source of supply. It now is being suppliod

• from canals made under the supervision' of the Fisheries Administration.

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Egyptian 13.kes o.re prote<:,:ted by regulations enforced by the Fisherie's Administration to prevent fishing in and around the inlets from the sea. and duringthespe.wning of certain species •.

'Itik1ngs of the'lakq fisheries amo\Ults to about 25,000 mctnic tons or 59.5 P?rcent of the total catqh of' all Egyptian fisheries. ~le prePonderance of lake fishing is due to a larger number of fishe~en employed :on the lakes and to better organization.

ThcfolloVJing is a breakd.own , by lake of the ,catch in the, delta ·lakes: '.

LJlKE . ' ==================~~~===--------ExtENT ----. CATCH---'·

MANZALA •••••••••••••• ,.. •. It •••••• , •• · ••• ·• ~ ••••••

BOROLLOS •.•••••••••••••• "._ •••••••.••••••••••••

EOK'OU ~ ••••••••• o ••••• ~ ••••• ~~ ••• ~ •• · •••••••••

MARIOUT "~""""""'.""'4'~"""""'" KAROUN ••••••••••••••••• ' •••••••••••••••••••••

!F£OOANIS EQUtVALEII/fTO :1.038 ACRES.

FEDDANS* MErRIC TONS

.345,cxx>

133,cxx>

32,cxx>

47,crt)

54,CX::O

61 1 ,(XX)

13~700

. 3~900

2.ElOO

2,200

?~1«Xl

25,CXX>

The local , pross , :reports 2, 000 feddnns of Ln.'ke I~Qriout have b00n dr3.inod and are rca.dy for cultivation. To offset thi s thoro , i.s 0. project.to create another lake in Wadi Ro.inn in the Province of Fo.yo~, southwest of Knroun. Tl;I.is plo.n would gi vo an addi tionp:-l 173; 000 feddans of la,ke fishing wi th an estimated pro~uction of 4,000 metric tons •

. . Inland fisheries

~le tnkiD.gS of inlo.nd fisheries amount to 4;500 tons per lli'1num or 11 __ 1/2 percont of thO total catch. Drainage a.nd irrigation schemosho.vo' reducod the tonnage of fish caught in inlo.nd wo.te rs. Howev.3r, the Fisheries Admi'nistration have ' restocked the NilQ with carp from tho Dutch'Enst · Indios with vozy goodre~lts • . It ho.s tro.nsplo.nted 'l'olapias to the springs of Siwa 00.8is ne2r the western bordor of ~gypt. This Nile fish has now bec~G a. sourco of food in the OasiS of Amon in the 't'.T0storn frontier aron.

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D.istribution

The fish tale-:m in Egyptian waters are sold through Hnlakns or fish markets which are found noar tho fishing grounds. Alexandria has onG largo Halako. to Amphouchi, Easto!I7n Harbor. There is another largo ono at Port Snid. Plnns for Q~other large fish m..'nlcot at Aloxandria arc under consideration.

At these Halalms baskets of fish,not. of any standard size, are sold to tho highest bidder.

Thc fish markots handling the taking in the lako fisheries 0.1'0:

LAKE

MANZALA ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7

Bo~LOS ~ .......................................... . 2

EDKOlJ .............................................. .

MAR lOUT ........................................... ., 2

KAROUN ...................... . ............. .. 2 2

Th:; follmdn::: p rtcos woro supplied by. doalers as cur­ront at the time this l' )po rt vms pr Jparcd :

=~.=-=-=======-.---...:.. ----AREA MINIMUM MAXIMUM

MEDITERR~NEAN (tST QUALITY) P.T. 30 PER OKE 100 PER OKE

RED SEA (2ND QUAL I TV ) " 20 " " 80" "

LAKE AND 1 NLANO (3RO (\01't..1 TYl tt 10" " 25 " "

ONE EGYPTIAN OKE EQU~LS 2.75 POUNDS AVOIRDUPOIS.

~,la nu fa c t ur i ng

~:!anufacturb,g opom tions in th ,] fishine; industry are limited to tho canning of sardines nt tho Suez l anding point and in n small factory at Aboukir nenr Alexandria during tho short sardino SOGson lasting for about four r.1onths.

Tho Abouldr factory was (:stablished in 1941 wi th a paid up capital of LB 50,000. 1Jith SOm(3 100 1',orkors it has an annuo.l output of 200 tons o Sno.ll t nkings of sardines during tho current season have restricted operations this ycnr.

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The only other operation is tho salting of mullet and sarrlinos in D. vory pr:iJnitive way using barrels and empty gasoline cans.

Ther'] o.ppeo.rs to be D. need of canning factOries dur­ing . the sardine season. Egyptian wo.ters are also rich in mol­lusks nnd crusto.co8.ns VJhich might bo preserved. An effort ho.s been made. to CCl.n shrir,lps but results so far have not been sD.tisfo.ctory~ Oth8r secondary industries are the ~nnufacture of fish Oils, fish P.1.c~.l and fertilizers. All of these are projects l'i11ich should r .]c'Jivo trw attention of locnl author­ities o.s well as the; lJo.tionnl GOV0I"l1r.10nt fo r the expnnsion of :sgyptian cnnning, smoking, salting o.nd preserving industries VJould absorb thousnnds of workers and reduce unemployment.

The entire cC'.tch of edible fresh am Salt writer ' fish is consumed in Egypt. Th ;:; co.tch of marine fishing is cons\Dllcd in the districts of C:-:.iro, Alex8.ndriu, Port Said, ·Suez and Ismo.ilia. lDke a:nd iJ'1.1and fishi!'lg supplies tho inland towns ~1l1d villnges. 'llL~ un. tiro C.:l tch is . . only fifty 'five percent of tho totnl consumption. Tb.c deficit is met by inports Qf cnnned, snltcd) dried and srook.3d fish.

ll!lDorts --"----

Reliable ·trade sourC8S roport sr:.l ted cod and smOked herring arc irrlport()d from Greo.t Britain and l:orwa~r; snlted nnd dri ed mnckcrcl, s~lted t~~~y fish from Turkey; canned s~,llTI.on, tunny fish, lobsters and shr:iJ;lp from United Kingdom, Japan nnd the United Stn tos; c8.nned sardines o.nd anchovies fron Fr:mc e , Portugal 8.nd S:;>o.in.

Tho follo':Jing tr-~ bles shoVJ imports of fish during the Y88.rS 1937, 1947 o.nd 1948:

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COUNTRY

COO.SALTED.DRIED OR SMOI<ED

1937 --K-~ G. L. E.

U. Ko •••••••••••••••••••••• 578,c:x:J3 12,92'2 AuSTRALIA •• •••••••••••• •••• 361 15 BELGIUM 1 LUXEMBURG •••••••• 293,355 5,283 OENYARK I •••••••• , •• ,....... 189 ,670 2,987 FRANCE. • ••••••••••••••••• • •• I j045, 742 23, 129 GERMANY •••••••••••••••••••• 15,280 331 GREECE ••••••••••••••••••••• 28,191 692 NETHERLAI\[)S •••• I • • • • • • •• • • • 59, 100 I ,294 ITALy •••••••• ••••••••• t ••• t. ISO 7

1947 1948 K. G. L. E. K. G. L. E.

NoRWAy ••••••••••••••••••• II 273, n6 6,341 OTHERS ••••• I ••• I •••••• I • • •• ~~;::;::-:eas~~--;:;";::'"-;:;:71 ;':;7:-__ 42::.::::.:;7;-l,~299~~~-:46::-a" 7~98~ __ 46-:.~~3~,~040~~_-:52~.II.~2::38~

TOTAL •••••••• ' •••••••• . 2.484,438 53,018 427.299 :.48;798 463,040 52,238

HERR III.GS. S~ TED, DR I ED OR SMOKED

U. Ko •••••••••••••••••••••• CYPRUS ..................... . DENMARK •••••••••••• ~ , ••••••• GERMANV •••••••••••••••••••• NETf-£RLAftllS ..................... .. ~WAY .................................. .

PCLANO-DANZIG •••••••••••••• OTHERS ... e .............................. , ,_

TOTAL ............................. .

~NES! SALTED,DRIED OR SMOKED

~REECE .., , .......... . ......... .

FISH,SALrED,DRIED OR SMOKED, NoT SPEC IFIED

U. K ••••••• e ••••••••• ~ •••••

HED~AZ l .NEJO •••••• , •• , •••• BULGAR IA ••• "' ••• "' .......... .. DENMARK •••••••••••••••••••• FRflNCE " ••••••••••••••••• , ... GREECE ••••••••••••••••••••• lTAl,V •• '" "'. "'.,.. '" "' ........... . JAPAN "' ••• '" • '" ••••• '" ••••••• "" • NOR\VAY "' ••••• '" '" •• '" •••• '" '" •••• RUMANIA ••••••••••••••••••••

T~EY •••••••• '" "' ••••••• "' ••• SPA tN ••••••••• '" • ,. • '" • ,. '" •••••

OTt-£RS ••• "' ••••• '" '" '" '" • "' ••••••

2,001,873 1,171 2,279

44 43,142 73/])7

In?

2,181,700

251

20,714 2,427

47 25

292 2,480

132 47

4CX)

1,196 62,217

24,906 16 27

I 614 994

7

26.565

,0

874 37 5 I

94 188 II

1 20 75

4,515

1,516,881

719,184 2,236,005

14.117

39,918

183,175

56,766 239,941

1.,264

5,917

_!OT"AI:- .................. . 89,977 5,821 239,565 32.754

CRUSTACEANS. SALTED OR COOKED FR~CE •• "' ••••••••• "'. "' ••• " •• GREECE ••••••••••••••••••••• OTHERS •••• 0 •••••• '" •••••••••

TOTAL "' •• '" ~ •••••••• , '" ...

MoLLUSKS, SALTED OR COCKED U. S. • '" •••••••• '" ••••••••••• U. K. • •••••• '" '" •• '" • '" ••••• '" •• CYPRUS ~ ........ '" '" . '" '" .. " ... . HED~Z 1 NEJO •••••••••••••• FRANCE ••••••••••••••••••••• TUN IS ........ '" •••••••••••••• GREECE ••• '" ••••••••••••••• '" • OT't€RS •••••••••••••••••• '" ••

TOTAL ........ '" • 4 " ••••••

TURTLE. SALTED OR COOKED

121 200

321

698 1,(03 1,092

137 6,cas

510 823

10,273

PALESTINE •••••••••••••••••• 624 SVRIA ••••• ••••••••••••••••• 1,425

25 56

81

32 39 37

3 353 20 34

518

12 23 34

187 15 187 15

1,665,527

287,110

791 ,682 2.744,319

40,546

5,693

, 10,265

27 27

115 115

123,397

21,483

55.493 200,373

2.913

583

.. 9,857 9,778

20,218

19 19

28

TURKEY •••••• ~.............. 3,850 OTHERS •••••••••••• I •••••••• ___ ...",~=~ ___ =:--__ :~~.~404~-=-__ ~1.~9=78~ __ ~1'::7:.:,1.4f.32S ___ -::'§=

TOTAL •••••• ,.'.' •• 's.. 5,899 69 ~.404 1.978 17,432 '§

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Exports

Exports, except for stores loaded on forcign . $ips) ~""trc n.::glir,i ble. Prior to ~'lorld' War II small D.IIlounts, of· ,suIted fish V)ore 2xport8d to fulestin8. Vcry SIlk'lll ' qUantities 'of s~ltcd fisil '3.r) nm'; being exported to tho SUdp.ri •. ·. : . .

Regulo. tions

T:H3 :Sgy:)tian state O,'IITIS all fishing rigi-it.s in the countr~r and no fishinl; can be carried on 'ili thout a fishing license. Sone of the fis1:ing territory is leased . . to ,priva:te oper3.tors but in general rr.ost of thefishi:hg grounds' are ,free to 1'isfL81T.len i')ho have pem.its but are required to 'follo\'l certain rules and r~gulations laid dOVln by the Fisheries' Adniini'stratfon.

Tl ~ 8 gov,'::rrr.18nt's annual revenue frOm the fisheries vari8s from IE 60,000 to 80,000 consisting of license ' 'fees, r8ntals and other c:larges levied on the fishing induStry.

1,is11eries Administration

The local coverrur,ent at Alexandria created the Fish-0ries Research Dir·~ctoratE' to improve fishing rleth9dsa'riQ.',to.'. aid the fishing ir.dustry. :<'Jl.:perts were brought f.rom,abroad . 3.:C, scientific r:.issions were sent out to other 'count'ries for r -:: s8arch work on fishe ries. B'J 1931, the staff :b~ca~~ ~11 "'CYl1 tian.

In 1935 the -::gyptian goverIlr.lent took over ·the· under­~~ki:1,'~ and placed the'~esearch Directorateln)t's ' 1:1ihistry of Co:-::r.'Jrce, w:-u:re as the Fisheries Adninistration it :tirOa:~e'ned i t2 fi c Id of "Jork 9.nd no", is engaged in tht'ee main lines of activity.

Research

In pure sci'3ntific r .-; search the Fisheries Administra-7,io" i :: stu rJyi:1t; 1'i3:: and narine organisms and is enf,agedin . \ ' :, -~ro .·=:::'3phic:1l i.:lv-.: stic;ations, :particularly the physico-, ':",::l ic31 co' - ~posi tibn of ocoan, brackish ana: tresh waters en-' cou~tcr-.:d in ~~ypt.

Gonscrvation

" . 'TI"IC :"j" ~,uQd I !I:-Idrobiologi::!al and £isheries Service

1 : , :~t i tut .;, succ'::'ssor of tll) olel Fisheries Research Direc'torate, !:8.:3 "'.lrc;8c:: b ·:;cn able to i ;ivc !lr3.ctical application, to some of

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its work in marine biology and hydrography. Transportation to a suitable envirolli~ent has saved millions of fry. Lake fish threatened VJith extermination by c1nnges in the irrigation and drainage systems of Egypt have been saved.

In the commercial field tho Fisheries Administration has plans for improving the fishery industry. Its main activities at the moment are:

( l~ Daily collection of statistics from various fisheries.

2. Keeping a record of prices in the various markets.

3. Raising the standard of living among the fisher­men; protecting th8m agaDlst the fish dealers; promoting cooperation among the fishermen.

4. ~stablisillaent of technical schools for f1shermen.

5. Establisbment of canning, smoking, and pickling factories.

6. Creation of plans for production of fish oils and fish meal.

7. Development of tho sponge industry along the coast from Alexandria to Sollum wh ,3ro some of the best sponge beds in tho '(\Jorld are found.

8. Introduction of oystor and mussel culture.

The equipment and facilities of the Fisheries Administration are as follows:

Fouad.lst Hydrobiological and Fisheries Institute

This is tho' old fisheries research laboratory estab­lishod near Kayed Boy Fort in Al,)xandria on tho si te of ancient Pharos. It has well equipped research laboratories; tho bost library in Egypt on oceanography and rdlated subjects; a museum of Egyptian fish; and an aquarimn of 23 tanks. It is open to research workers from all parts of the world intorested in the study of the Eastern Medi torranean or the delta lakes.

1.1ex Fish Hatchery

The Mex fish hatchery east of Alexandria has ponds supplied with water from ~.lariout lake sui table for tho breeding and study of' del ta lake fi she

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BarraGe Fish Hatchery

This is near Cairo and carries on experimental work wi tr· fish in wa k~rs of the Hile.

Fry Transport Stations

Th::: run of r:1Ullct' fry is observed 1Nhere fresh water canals empty into tho coastal waters. The Fisheries Administra­tion takes advantac;::: of this run to restock th8 lake wators 'with mUllot. There :11' \) stations at· Aboukir, ncar Alexandria; Kabouti, ncar Port Said; and Ratnma, near Manzala wke for restocking Mariout, Edlmu 8.nd Hanzala. lake Karoun is supplied with mullet from the Hex station.

Research Ship ~1abahiss

'L.ie res carch shi:') 1.Iabnhis["~ (Rcs':':trch) was built in 1':)30. It has a l ength of 42 rr:e t. ~ rs and is 135 tons docdwoi ,::;ht. It is especially equipped for occo.nogro:Dhic surv:Jys in ::::gyptian

R:;s.;n:cch I...o.U;1Cf:. :<:1 Hoot --:81 Hoot (Tl~"e 2l18.::-ld is 12 r!l.:;tcrs long and is used for

r .;scarch v)ork 8.1or.g L: ~' C03.st.

Cor::nont

The fishiIl..g industry i~ just beginning to receive the sttention it merits because of its inport;.i nco in the economic life of the country. rrne TIinistry of Com:.lcrcc is taking stops to soc that the Fishori~s Aclministra tion schemo for new fish markets is carried out. These will maintain a better cOlltrol over prices and the catch. Other improvements arc being worked out i:1 transportation and. rofrigera ted war::;housos in fishing areas.

The outlook for the sale of Ar,erico.n canned, salted, dried and smokeD fisl;. is not bright. Anerican products during the provJar years 1:'Jero popular. Now the shortage of dollars, more acute since the devaluation of the ~gyptian pound, and tho strict control ovor exchango roleasing dollars only for essentials are barri ers to placing orders in the United States. Further­more, Europoan competitors, Unitcld lCi ngd om , Norway, Portugal, Spain and France, havo tIn advantage and will be hard to dislodge.

In proparing this report no attempt has bGen made to cover in detail the Red Sea fisheries with a catch of 4,000 tons por annum. Cairo's report No. 42, February 12, 1948, entitled, "Production of ~d ible Fish in the Red Sea, Ii fully reported on the Red Sea fishing grounds.

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Likow:i,.se no infonnation about the sponge fishing industry has beongivon herein. Periodic reports submitted by the Ale~tmdria: Consulate Goneral have kept the information cur­rent. Tho last sponge report V-JaS Roport No.8, July 18, 1949, entitled, IISponges, - Egypt."

Following is a list of tho more common fish in Egyptian wa.tersgiving tho Arabic nnd the Scientific names. Identification ,was made at tho AlexandrIa Instihlte of Hydro­biology am Fisheries by various scientists who have vis i ted the Insti tutG.·

Arabic and Sciontific Names of Host Common Fish i~ Egyptian '.1a tors

Med i terranean Sea: Arabic NamG

Balamita Barboni Botaite Chaour Cileikh Denis (sea brea'lJl) Gambari (shrimps) Karous Lout !o1osa Sarb Mourgane

Llyas Sardine Seif Wahche (shark) Irsh Faras 131 Bahr Thunna Sandouk

lake and Nile River ~'Jater Fish:

Bayad Balti

Baurri Bynni

Farkha Garan Irche Karnout

Sci entific Nal'110

Pelamys (species;--Mullus barbatus (and spedes) Crenidens Lethrinus nebulosus Serranus scriba Sparus aurata Peneus (species) !lorone la brax Sciaena aquila Box boops Box salpa Pagellus erythrinus

II mormyrus Temnodon saltator Alosa finta Trichurus haume la Careharias obstusirostris Scyllium eanicula Hippoemnpus guttulatus Thynnu.s thunnina Ostraction trigonus

Bagrus bayad Tilapia zillii

" nilotiea " galiloea

:Mugil cephalus Barbus bynni

\I perinee Daetylopterus volitans TJugil saUons Selaciens Clarias anguillaries

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70394

lake and Nile River Water Fish (Cont. ): Arabic Name

K-;rb e1 Pahr labiese lates Nokt Raad Raille Sa rdine Sire Tobar

DUNCAN, '11OCH S.

Scientific Name Hydrocyon forskalii I..abeo niloticus rates niloticus Morone punctata Malopterurus electricus Alestes dentex S~rdine~la granigera iabeo niloticus Mugil capito

Reference

1948. Production of Edible Fish in the Red Sea. Fishery Leaflet 310, U. S. l!'ish and Vlildlife Service, riashington 25, D. C.

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