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TRANSCRIPT
[[ ~,1,1!11iff!lr[lf,ltll·~.i!!lt~~ -t'<'ClI'l\" ""'''':(~l!'' 1;l'I"I"'-l ,.~ ~I!!? ~,i:: ~~ ::. tflii" ~ l! ,. i"'~I. it~!!,1 '111111!j"Ii'l:i'ltlilL
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I' 'f 'I It i ; l. Ii.'! t r lnH!~· l[l Ii ~L l' i it!tjl ~jl Ill! III Ii .1 ~ i {' i<.1 I" f. ; L ~I r, I;;. ,- r • J fl' , < •H mH~ I I P lit!
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m<ln: cnrich<d life ""'" Ilon ,he: .""rat" pc....,n. S<lr·..,lUaJ....'i.on .. oll~held up •• an Ode.. psyd>olosical ".,. by c~n",a1 (>Ifd>o6oI:'I1I, "Sud> P""'fd<_'" '0 b. fuJfLllin. ,hen...lvn ....1,.. 1>0 <loin. "'" """ 'hal ,hey arc .apllblo0( do"'l_ Th<y arc 1""'1"" who "'I'''' <k""lup<d 0< "'" <k-<Iopin. 10 ,he: ruu",U'" 0( which they a",""I'lbl".· (M...Iow 1970: I~).
M ................po of ,he odf·.."ualU:On, pc:.-o is buod "" hi, _ ..tioou and anal,.... of ,he IIvn '" penoMl ..:q...in r,..Dds, and of"'" Ii,.." of ""bile and histori<aI (,1"_. Hi, f....Ji hi<h dco<ri~ the ~.
""""""';"1 penon. arc "'" buc<l on ....pi""'" do bu' ""he. "" his hoi'....i...~ 01 tb< incliviol..ob he cld,,,,,, :acluoliud. ~1~ (1970)rq>OfU ""', ,df••",,,afui"l p«>plo: ........ 'ho foIowi"' ...........,..."'" mon: ..,.<q><i"l '" ,hc.-k"ell, ol 01........ _ 01 ......1"01 pootuoa; """"" ......\.lneo<l.
and _ ..noI' hkine ooIi•• and priv.ocy .-.. than "'" aYnaF PC"""" """"indo""""'; ollhN pbyoial ...... cul1..ral ~.; n.; m<ln:~,.... '"
do< bUc "'life; ........ liLd,. 10 .....,0< ,he; _."'" "'JO"C."':~ cr-p<.it_ 1ikd)I In poooeIO" _0aI Lind '"<.-~.onp.w;ry, orja,."ci.cr .; aDd .....,.., phl : '"iooI. un_ile ...... oI'hu"*': ~---'
"Ik~ opn1llMlul ddinl.. 01 orlf~i<>a .. ~
S/IooI '. _ (191.). H..nchifool~'" hioiDooN........ "",",b~'..co odf· iulion "';,h IUCh ito -= hiP d.-.... ......,.dio • "-'_" ... _ tJl _·. ..,--'ty, <:0"to ._._..... ,.. ,_n,.....- __
-...iaIirJ...,";;ri.i'~ 10.....•........~ w:cMos"""' ..~. dali<lc witlo
_ au> -.'. <:apIICiry b i...-...c.-.act obiIiIy ~ ,,-<~dil' ~ """,.""""... pnoon .. -" od ...a-izi-os oil ul hioIhE< ~ ~ and p<>OO~' wi\lIoo,>, """ i," ..and< . ooJdiRi<uI.i<SuldlE_odfOE" o'i'i""l:
~"'OEIi""'.... _ ..-ul~"~.....- , ~. ,"""",(,,,.) !bot __,~I><.w .••d .. 1M ul (p. In).J~(197~__pcd!bot rftldC b<IYYiot fuI{" odf _ ....... witIo b<-bYion ..bidll""""d< _ and _.and hubn .....
Oa<uldlE ..,;,,;Qa ...-., ....&«dum it doo _ ul~ s..- (In1) u.-...... .du.ation obcwaId ~ ai-.I .. Ill< ~ _ .,'MI :- ulhu....... p<>OOnriaI Ill< _ 01 """ .._II"" ...pe, ...... He -....duo'~ "pt.«d .. a ..ilclt, ~_!bot it _ ............aperi< ';O' ........ ka", ..... """~ ...~~l"""" <aI<d~ ?-.... , " IKJ fIl 'n ,.......... Ilo<...._~ ""'" oftn 1fA~r/go wiIdc:,,"' _ rdoor ..perio:...... ...., ........... a ont· "1......,ie,«. 1'11<- 01 wiIde.-- ..pe,""". inW>M"I ....a...., wi tu da<rib<d ;" ont w"ll ....... I"~ ..,.
I .'1.. :01 _ ,..1 with wikIe" R~~ l1kNa (19'71)r...nd .... followi.. ~ '0 I>< import""., _n_"I"'!"- ,....~dIE opirio 01 Iindi"l cl>on«> lOr pe.., ..-"'. fcdinI. pOl1 '" rlx Iikcyd< _ i"ll "",,'. odf·id<nlity. I _Iy IOU"" (ORRRC 1962),~•.--.tip>u peri<Io<t. oOIMud<. 'ranqui~ty. _ rdal-.hip wioh...,...< _ .. Iound I>< ............' di_....... oI";ldo", I.........
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TIle ""<Ji'k <k:vdop,n~ dd,ni'io....ed ,hrori<. oI ..If.•'u:01iulion ....pPO'" "". tp<o:U!.o'ed ..lo,ion.ohip bet><ttn ../f·OE"".liu,io" and wild<rneosu... In derin,ng ..1f-.....:o1iI.Olion. Mulooo (1970) ..potted duo' his IP"UP ulbiSh ...tf·ou:'uoli.... lik<tl ooli,udo: d prinocy """" ,..... ,he .~n... pefWft(p. 16O) ...d lha, ,hcy ..,-...I"pru perien«o"(p. 164) ....ich ... n ......."poII.d by ""kl<.-- u..... In ,...;e,.'''1 MiWow'. "-Yofodf·-.:tuaIiu·'ion. C<lbl< (191<1) hill>llpll ,he _he'ie ....... oI ..If·.,..:o1;"n. Thit it •tt<.'<'d b I><....~ in rlx <nvi""' ....... ""'ieh pmrnol". fEEli of WEIl-b<inl.110< .._ 01 WED'b<q <Sn .,,,,",,,,", ,he d·....~ ""'ich is im ' """uld·.,uaIw.ion. Th".. WE _!hal ~.,"",;",.·lUQ<IIiono' Ioi·....'" Id;"'ty _ "'1<I.n.... ~ be odr·""'ualWnl ... ouppo<1Ed by rlxd·............,"'" ,he""" ...
At d;"""-.! c If· iulion may be invuIv<d in ... typa "'.......... In onl.. '" 1l<Ep loc,.. in ,hi• ......,.. WE "*'"' i<plIy <l<fincd wiJ·.teo-- .. ,he Iriou......u.s.
110< _ """" ........... "'. 'WM""""~n wildtnoao""" ><If.O£tu:oI""rioooo ..... by Scott (1914). I.. op«ulaoinl: ...... "'" ""d"",,*, 01 ob<wildell csporio...... Scott ''''''-d:01moll~ on ..1f·......ua.icwLS<oo,' ion __ b.oo:d on anp;.................. ur- 1atioE....lyoU '"""'" ........e-.c:..au.. John Mllir. H....,-n-. _ Aldoc>I ; ..1...... kad"pnk .....' .....• ....... iIIi.wiIdr:" Il.uiDs .-:Iu-oioou .... oli<ir ........p _ ~""" Scott opmaIao«l dw weft .
......um.. indiri<\u.olo who ..0«1 ....1 '0 I~ ......
..--..... Many"'rboir <ea<ticwd '0 ,he .i1d"" .....,. "" .... <:ur-<'<DIIy ""d da<,ipo;"" '" ""I"',ie,,"" by odi-~ ....-( 1914). 11o<.....t; 0IGnbrt- (1916) odcliliollal 0UJlIXWt ... rlx..>ic, .-.lao, ade" ..aIiul;"" by~ Ill< wooL 01_ &twanI AbbEy _~ IuIoo:I Ad-. lIadI «I
,n ..""".......pe, ....... """'"* ... a peal ...pe........ while ..... i1do",
I........... '" .... £"Idouo<c dood wiId<mr:w __ ..If_....... odf.......w..d """""" ..,. O<d ~.-. JEUiap 01 •"-u.I ooycholoa" ,...., 1IoOo....u.s 'brir d·., .h T1liotyp< ",.....uty .. lioo<d .. odor""'ip -e.. ,_ in ....~ oo:aiooooiN ........ rdacicwoohipl><' ...... odf..' 'oli·Mioa .....~, .....
Empi..... h"""'" """"""'.... link he, , ,,,. and ..1f.actuoI-......... .... b<fto lorpcly ...."'. althoush _ indi , '0 ide .r<-Iatioomhip bt'.UA d .•,".Ii.., wikIe,_ s..... ('914)drli.... odf__ odl.........,m ""4'0'...... '"odf·OEIUaIi _~ (1974) Iound , , indiridu.... cl>ooooni an o...-~ C ........- ~ perienc. 0«W"<d tipiOanoly hip<r on ,I>< R_......... Sdf·, -... , 'rull""'p. Sho ouwwo ,...., "'" Ouodo<.-CboII<.... po:<>pI< _I'< ""''-'''''n ..i,h I<0<Io ulxll...-m '" boJia..i,h _ dw "'" prop1M did _ .......... r1"'i 00.......udia ...."' ....•
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....... tha,~ 'rainine: Dp<ricnca in ..tId<"........y impnJ-c odf_<qM: hawe.... _ snodia have been .....radi<to<y (B.Kus and lie....,..1972).
"",,,,her of Shoo,rom', (1974) componcn" or ",1( ",.li••,lon i, in ...ililUlinn. 5,«10 (197+) r""nd 'ha' inncl'<lirectfll pc hold ri... ir dymore &"O<'ObIe .".....Ieo lOWordo ~ ,han do <Jtlw:r-d;/'U1rd po"""'.olthoup'" dirl """ indudo .ilcIa _pi<. T oo>Iyeli..... _ of ,be e/kdo of.adt:" on li."""" _ by Lanlben.Sqrct. SuIry. $0 ...... ~(197t).c--.--beforeond.roe.- • .- -.II wildu_ daoo eapo,i..u...d """" two camd S"O"""'..tr·lo<tIUIiulinn """-<I no .........
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,.. __ I.....e "',"" ,he", ore mltny I"die.,inn, in ,be rICk! olloi",,,, ~-m tha, 10..", (.-.d pulitulorly wikle"",", ux) io ",laud to ..Il"·..,......iu·,... A varirty 01 roxatcl>ert hao ....w ....... Iioe hypothaio _ -'" 'l'I""olleioow"e. _h • ...;Ide, 11K,~'o~ ......,...u.,-dt. IOJ__ U","" I' I,. pooo n:oeordo _........,. 1>0>", _ ....... eapIicio the-ety ol~ n:b1ionshipo ... ohio "Ibrft .... live po-ibk <dol....ohlpo bn-ttn ",d,it, " .. and odf ;.-inn:
I. W-.ldt",... """ yeo,," i",,,,-. in ..tr·.,uoIiul"'" ..,her dilUl'Iy or ,hroup moo!e""illll vo'iob!eo.
2. 5<lr·.",,,01;""'''''' n...y eou"" ",11,10"",.. "",, .i,her direc<ly ,,,. 'hrough'nod<ro,inl variobln,
J. There ....y be .... rela'iooNhip bel...,.n .............. "'" ....1oeIr·......·iurion.
4. Othn ....,.w,Ieo ....yDu...bodowildtmao_..-I ..tr.............inn.~.........., "",,..-.I ...__,¥i,M"'" may.-n ,riip<.....w....-;..
TIool ia, ath may..........., ,be ........ """ in ....... be ........rosol by.-IIy Ot.ltlini"lf ,,,,,- pooo.ibIc ",bl"""';po __ ... """ oulll""i"ll '\uo' .<1<""". u"" .nd ..I(·..'uoliza,inn •••" """'I dl"«:t.o on <Beh "'her: ny",h., ,·.rlabk••If"", ...h. We ...... ,iml~Y "",king .pedlie ,he p',..\hk ",b·,,,,,,",ipo I><'...,.n ,he 'WO 'ho'. ho,.., bolen only. SC......l1y ~k"?' '0 by doc...-.,"'" ei'.... 1'....... ,hon _ to ref.. '0 <he Nmple. ",10'"","",,,, (one and'wo). H"""""". _ bdic:ve ohao .- old.. wnIe'"<~ """"'lei ..........,.~b oh< IKipWai ",boloomhip I live) if .. -"< cxplioio ,,, ,hem.
n...... II! _ in thio will be~dr-..r nriowt~..lat.C>nohipo Iw:<wun odf "'" and .ikk,.... _ afT differc........,.Ln ordtr to be laO'" «IIIIpl<tdy t""'-' tebl.ionohipo """",1<1 req"';", ... .........Dpc,.-,....nt.ol ..u<ly.,.. mon: lik•.,.. ",pea'''' 1"""1. .."",ur3I equooiol> ..ooy(d., And"""••,HI Crand"1l1976). T'" ",,,,,n, "\If"'''''' """J""'l ,,, provioleWeli,,,i,,,,')' d",. '" .." ,he ",I.,ion,hil" h,,',"'«n ..·iklc....... u.......1",Jr·"",u·ali..' ..... in to." i",p"""'" w.y. ,ho' ha," "'". hcen do"" her"",. '~., ro"" ....yi. in • ,...., ..._ plo ol.~ P"l"'10""'" no. Jota>O>d ",oy .. on .laO"I"oon>pI< ~ wiIde..- Ocpendi"ll: on 'hao< ......11>. di""boou b mon:
~ ..udOe> ..-illbeou~
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,1>;' "<><Iy Domi ,""'" pouibk ';..."hiP" by 'es'ing 'hroe hYp<lOh.•... ",Io,ing ..if·..,,,oli ';on and "'ilde u"". '1"" Ii .., ...~SC'.. ,100, ,00,..,if\dj,idu.h wbo ..Ioc, il<l< r"",, or ""'door rec",.,i"" ore mon:..If·_alo-l "'""~ who vi kIemca (",Ia,ionohip 2). n.....-ond hl'}'Olhaio ;" ......, pn:O<'" ~ whIl inteltd '" ux.,.;]de" ... will be """'" oeIf-xnoaliud Ihaa whIl_ "oend 10..., wil.......... (..1M' hip 2). TIoe doinl hrpA - , b-.I on pooo wrioen, ................ wilck, -.... &equ.nn -.. afT """'" oclf·onuoIized Ihaa Ir:oo M........' .-n(telatiIln>bip I).
Thio orudy ..... uamm.. oh< inllocna: on ..1f·.nooJjUlion ol """"'.va~".. ",(.ned to in ",lAtinn,hi,.. I. 2, and 4. A number "'"o>4loc' n,;'obki' ,wid ho"" bolen ",lect«! for .'lAIy.": Y""nl (198') h.. idon'ir.... anddi-:u ..... ""riabb ~incJ"djng oeIf·""waliza'innj "'la'ed to ...iIde....... partidopO"""'''''' 'wo '-ari&bIeo ..leclrd for ohio "lIdy.", ...,i,udinal v.riables uoedbca. doheir.- tbe<l<Ctieal <doIioftobip '0 bodo wilde" ... ..., and d.ac1uaI To ....... iDfluona: on d·""","","""", d·whe• ....,.w,Ieo· i"nrI_," ,hip4,o-Jorpooh ho...beendt.I...,:I.n..Iinl ..gt:Abthat
odI"......-..t~ bald • """'" (a....~ ......a1 ...tinodt lOWard wiIdor.._ and doe _ "'neou _ .,..,. afT """'" <>OrIlmilted In ..ndio'urbed w.0..- "'"" doe non .If·......oliud.
In tepJ'd 10 • teIt '" ,he i..,po....ncc: ol-",her vuUbleo" .. tef...",d 'n inf'CI"'lon>h\po I .nd 2, "" ",oIi.. , .. ".,... obove. 'ha' mo", .lahor.'e m.:lbOOowould be ne<eUMy '0 'e" • larger number 01 v.riabk•. Thi. Iludy 'e'" ,bedi""" n:laoionobil"~ I and 2 ...doe. ,ban ,he .tr.., '"modc""inl variobles.
TIl.. "udy " obe hl'l""l-n 1 fWO ..mpleo. One • f""" oh< SC'"or.>! poblic ...... ,he her io f P d ",ilde....... u Tbe do'" for d...Ii~ ..mple _'" rolloc'crl in M.y J971 in. 'elophone fY<:1 "r.d~l .. in lin.""'. by ,he SufY<:y R....",h I..abo"""'Y 0' ,be Uni,,"i,y of 11Ii The_d~ng .."i,·.", r tho. ..o,cwidt 'depbonc ..n>ple ... tvqt f,ned ..all bou..bald. in lUi A .....hi du..... probabilily ..mple. """taini",~"'" r.... <'O<h d the S<ondord M....."..,.-... Suooi..icaI Are..• ....~.__........,. if"....don booiod...,lIIpiIic ...........lamiy--. - olJearA"' _ .. '":'< ":""'I"<~"" for orudy -.... odeaed from cum,," u:leplloooe
d.."'....... ,n ,he ...-.. umpIc .o","in. In Chi<: doe nnIy pla<:e in lUi......•."":'" unjitlcrl 'dcpl\orw: nnmbcn "'prnen' ..-...... biao•• random digi'd"'l,ng proc" """d. In ,h,. p...",.u, • ,,,,,,,,,llt'i< rondom ...,"tk ~f
phone n"",I.o<,. w lee.... rrom ,be Ch;t.1" t<1.p/><>ne bo<>l<••nd ,he lu',-dis'''~.~ n"~r_ ... rcpbted wid•• randon~y""'<a:l""ird numbe~ "w '" I'VClI """'1 klephoole"""-'bco- an ..........ol ..Ie....... whether be it 1iMKl ... _ (s..d...... 1973). Ua<a r ~'
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p<Gpl<_rl' k:d;" <hi, lCl<phoac ..rwy.1J per<et>I"' .lo oboaioo .....F""P"'.ildLi_ <11
...... , uwn ..... obulDtd. Since.1ao-so< pootiooo "'do< w.Uti '"tho IloundatyW-.. e-Afta"~..... (IWCAW)ia docSuprno. N....... F_ i:II Mi.....,.... on: r.- llIi"';' (__ oolIy ID M"'-a) """oi__ penni.. iiln: fUIIIiftd '" all IWCAW.-n. do............~ lor........ ttl~~ no. 8weAWabo .,,,,_0" • ~n;q,... """i... inwbich 10 .- ,"" Iry L<pI P'O"........ po:n";, • nnll" nl...uen- .,...pnI1~n"'" and cJlp<n.nca r",,1Id ,n moo' wi!d<, MoonriOftl.,.,,,d is p<nn'''«1 in ••rtain nd ~'" aIon. ,hue , allen ...."Y.Howev<:•• ,... iM1crior.ona .. i11 plOVid< opport~ni'''' r.". ..,li,ud<.nod a~'on'
",ny. Th. IIWCA W ...1.., a" <",,,,pie oi an ...,IIe';"..Ily pJc..ing .nd ph~.i·
.aU~ ........n,;n!!" env'ron",••" ooe<! by "",,,100< d",llenll" groupo. !loth nl,hcoc <nviron,,"'o.... cha....,••ri";,,, ho.... boc" ...Ial«l 'n "U'''''''''';';in!!" PC"....... , nlquc _ 1>< IIWCAW aon I>< "pc<'«1 10 .., .......,,'110 loa wide "'''F nl~ ."ioru<\<o ..... .....,;v...........hicb may 01...be ...""«1 10 ....·auuali<.uion.
__ tho....-",~ ..>en 1D....a~io __...aIy......,to;p (Kcndnc. c.._. Marlow. and 8nld._ 1976: Lu<ao 196t:8wch ..... W_ 1967)•• qumion lor 1IIIoi1in!!" ....~...... ; ...... iduIlicaIlD"';" oloe ~. nu- btuodftd aDd.-. ...... and~ _ randDmlr ..1Ko<d &am lhe Illinoi;. ...........
....... obo.auocd. IWCAW penni. in 1916. no..qumionnaift maMrd wido
........ 1« _. -.np<d lfaddti d <1 " __ .....,hird loI1nw-"" Ietl.....i,h • qucorioowoa'" and ""lIfn <n.do", we... ....ilcd 10_ ••<>fIO<>den.. .-. and ro... Wftb of,... tbo oriJin.ol. or tbo 28!l viabIc 0dd........ 79 pcl<.n' ..""""" "'..... oboainul.
l"'ln"...."
The V.nona! Orien,.,ion Inven'ory (!'OI) dcvek1l><d by Sboo,rom(197\) ,. by f... the _ validal«1 n.......... oIoc1f·""'~a1i&.o'ion.. defl..... byMulow. Urtfcnu..-ly io: had ,hrec pnblcmo for oN. Il\ldy. It io • ocll"·admin·i nod ,nvenoory ini... J)O~. tompo...j..., (med ~)i ~ )(l""-atommpl 1<. f"unber.;" tbooooly ............tyoi d·_.,linrion ioIdo;.... c:<pu ........... the POI --. 110 -...(I. t ,,<I 01. 1978) '" ,IN, time requimll ... CiN........ the ..".,."""-U ,100< difI" oy 01 0 "oi............~ • _ ia .............. ....-,...... bel:-.. oi;" porn.... "-noitmoy. _ uptri--.l .dIl<d~ _ -.....:1«1. Eoodo "'the 1)0 .. 0 .hoKe _ lhePOI -doanJcd 10. form UN"''- oi lhe _"""",.. wi .....,....t;,."p-an....... AJo.rnatc__ odccocddoroupouo the 1)0'1'_.' no..COIOpIcI< POI ocoIc and tbo no NOp: i'..... wet<: Jivcn ,,,!Ili otudc.... in ' ....",,"'oy c....... the Uni•• ,.,.y oi lUinoi. du"... ,,. ""';"1 01"1911. c:..:.ncla·.............. don< be'..... n <ach ..,..'oed ~·dioalft< ...-ion and ,he , .ol,en... f"'M1 ,he ...ndard POI. ",. que"""'" ....... lhen ..1cc1«1 from ,.........',h ,he hiSh<" i'.m·'''.... cnrrcl.,ion. '0 "'V"l<n' <ach '" ,he 10 on,,"..,al ..
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Wlocn ohc~ <II Ifoc od<cI<d 10 ........... _ IOtaI<d b tbo 96 .....den cumparcd 00 ,he oooal POI...,." b" ,ho, 130 ioc..,.. doc rorrdlo,ionl~ :" ""' O.M. Th.. indiao.... oipir...... (p<.OOI)'".innoh,p be,wc;cn doc _ ... 01 ..1(·"",,,,,),..,;,,.. and II.. POITh" ..I.,iorubi" .. bl!!"he. ,loan 'ho, I:.tw«n 'h< ....bK-.... 01 ,he POJ iuelf
To ""'ain .n inodi<:a,ion nl ,he ..Iiabili,y of ,he .!Ior..",d i""n"nc~, ~..,,·..t.., ..~. gi•• " '0 ..~,Ie"" in a (ore.,,)' ola.. d~rin8 ,he r.n of 1977.T ...e",y......., """'pIe'N"" ...... oboaincd fro", id..",i<:al q ....'ion••d",in'"'0..<1 "no ....k apan. The ""'.in«! cnrrcla.;"n ...dr.de01 ,,( O. 7~ wo. ';!!"ni('."an' 001 J..."CI inod....in'. s-I <Iogrft '" I'tli"'~i,y ""'" ""'" lOr ohc 10q_io ()oller _ wi,h ....... ire- u.o oIJJhdy difl<...n........... ro........ rooond. cnrrclatioa 11<0_ (he form 01.62 for94 ..<Ide....•..d. 101·............... '"•.M lOt 67 T 12 <byo.
Ohe '" ohc __ oed validaI< th: Innscr POl ...........'i.;.,. 'n o:han,.., aI\cr (~ 197\) 10"""" -.:to doco-...ful 1' [~",;..,p<Gpl<' odl'-anooaIiuo<__?~_ "'the·.......... the """-d ....ifianc """,We <I ar.... CClIInocli"l (e.-dd, McCown Rd>b 1983). AnaIyai.o '" , i r_ do<a rl' oed byJ ..... and cn..daII {l983;J (9llO)' rotan' pt<dicood cnrrcla•'~oi .21 wi <:lI._ _.23 wioh "" Tb<rc """.~r?", (. a) Ia'ion ..i,h .1.. '- "'""""n!!" ,hal p<Gpl< _ Iyi"l." ,heir '" lbc ....... In fact........ p«>pIc ...... ,.,... '0 rake ,hei,.... '0"" hi,he, I<lf·""l\IaIi<alion "on:. ,hey....,.. u bI< '0 do .... Inoddi'i~, la'ion.h'p "!.)2 ..."" f""nd wi,h ,he n,ional beh.avior 'n,'<",ory.••ry 'm"la< ,,, doc ,.\a'",,,""ip (<>lind fn, ,he "'''I 1'01 (o,m (Shockey OJ~t
Rey<> 1978). Aloo ....tiy ..I.,N '0 ,he volidi'~ ol'he ....lc io .......I.'ioII or;41 (I' <.?OJ) wi,h ..1f..OI<em. Uk. ,"" long<' !'OJ. the >loon OClOlealao "I''''r.",:"ntly d,ffc...n'...«1 fI<OlIl< "hom ..pen cl'niral j...J!l<" had """"....cd ..hie" _ low in ...,·"",..aIiu.,ion.
no.. bos. oriKinall'Ol lI"I<" draI ofevidence IO ..VPO"" i..t<IiabiIi,y _....lid;'" (~.,.. s.-, 1974). " .... tbo aIoe can_he_~ 10 be ........ """ tdioUr oriFnaJ -.on III
wloo< _odccocd iaI.... with the -.Ilhe •••1 rdabMy _ ~...,. ~ be....tuI aIoort ..--.....h i-........... Sennn, ,. 10~ .......""'f<d •..tlla!ui.. pet'-. _Id ~ (......ionum 20) and."""·..If pc,-_kl ...... low ("" n""" 10).
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be'..oell ..11'·...ualiu''''''' ar>d • p<>AitiY<: JI'....tal wild<......."i",<10 (f •• 11,p<.M) ar>d between ......ACtuAIiuo''''''' _ Sunky'o (1972) wild< .......DIn{r •.08,1'<.1»). Hith,..mm """"- Advo<a<y fIlthe _ rari;ti....-.fIlwildt, I, io oody the Ius<: wnpI< Ii... "'- ........ ,t..... <Orn'1AriooIIoipirlC*"l, Api>!. d>ey fIl ~nlo pn<tical oipiI"><an<e. Fo< ,be aWCAW.-.n, the ~ioooo bot, " ·.cnoaliaUool ........ and wiId<...... purism(r _ .M7J ....... JI'r>enlwildt" arritudo:{. - .00000)__ lipit"lCaftl.
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och<n' ala .• rMr wildt,_ ~ .---........ AI....,..th wildt, """"" ~......, ..................... ""'" ,". _ ""- hiP« ;" odf """ Iood .....,.~ "l'I"""'"" fIl ..ild<",". -...I....., -.. .._,.AI""" «1, .....difiC~ wen: ....., ....Jl. ,.. poi.... _ <an_~ r..er-..(197I l ........... 'ho'...adt:'_ are. __ fll' ,..........""'. "Thuo. ,he _all ,rn<\r; obtAiatd .....,Id be _ «1 b- by ori<c-lion. ThU ........ ...-;bIe m-,"""";p t which "'""""" rMr -IIIAJ' c.- "';Id<, ,....... ti,"'rdi-.Jy 0< ""-th ...........i nriabI<o.'
I' • -'-yo dilT"ocuIt '" pr<M: rluo: tt'l"ea is _all 0< -.n.r So","1"""1" of ..iIrlI<m<oo ..~ ""'y be hilhly -actuAl...... How<v<c r .....It.are ba...d on ,w<> tar.,. ..-<10m """pIu ho", _0 <Iollned I"""""ion.· 'lois"""'Ily ...guu 01.." un'~ bet",• ..-idrn« • ~t<:d, ,... ovendl pooi,i""~lMioonahil' mull be _mod to be _all rnb<r ,hAn """"i,..",. No do", 1"!hi. 0< Olb<r .."dit......voiW>k '" I\IPI"'" • ""'''I rd.,ioonI/>ip .nd t'" "''"......, di .... ,... .,c t'" n:lotionlhip obo (....nd no .""ir....., ..lotion"'ip ".i"l
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Iy...1(.oe,,,.li••,;.,.......kl b...Iated to ",""y 'ypeo ..f Itis"", as ".11 .. tn.ny....,<Ioor Iti",,,, .."inK"' '11>< foc". on legally eklln.oI "ikl<:",... io. ,,,,,,.•,,,.m ....·bith allowlI .....'Y""" to k...,... "ba, io l,.i"l " ..died, Ulli"..'dy ..If·oe",oIiution Id b< ttuditd i....lo,ion to all rypt> o/.It;"' Iingo. IIu<don .... r , iI "'., ordJ bot ••paoif......bKl of ..i... " ro< whom ..Ir·ACtuAI ion ..10'.. ,... p&rtinllar lV\I< o/.I<iou...
On< ~mi ...'''''' of'''' .....1.. prto<notd is ",,-, the ......."'01....';on ,........... ....d ......~ :ond ..p<rimen,al.....'biIe ..... ah<><..ncd ;..IINmen, 'ouldba"" Ii..,;t<:d "'" validioy of the obIointd ..1A,ioonoiiipo """n<!. ,be tal..-.010 Iliinl ,hal Ihif_ .... Ih< <D<. Fino, "'" oral< hlth.-p....UobiIioy (,7') and -..1A,ion (.64) ....rh the IonJl" Iorm. Sca>o>d. the .,.......ro n ,;piflCaftl ..........ry '0 ....... .,..• ..., Iop....... ...,n.....,.. ;~ ,hoi the "'-'.,. if""';'",": 10 <>tho:r von M'~(CnroddI .. AI. 1!lID). t.a.t,.. "'" <>D< "'.... ditt<t ."dy vi ...,.................wiW<t b''''''.hip....d the Ioas<" b<tKr validaud POI ... -...Ioboaoinod,;mibr {~ .. AI••978)..
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•
A ttitudu toward Oil and Gas Developmentamong Forut Recreationists l
Edward E. LanlJcnau.Jr., R. 84n Pcylon,Jul'" M. Wickham, Edward W. ea"cne)',and Da"id W.Joh.."on
AI$TIlACT It, _ .... __ ~1-" • __ __,. I', ,...,..._<.--.,__(I'IfCSl') ~ ....... '- N ~........ I, 9 ...._-.__• -.-;</IJ1t•. , ... -....,-_ ,I _ ........k' ; "'I~'.__ ~"',W,,,_II_ TIt ; __... _.-,_" ~",",__,k~1._._._'____........ 1' \ ..... ...,-_... __ ...__ ,,1-0'"'' .. __"'/-nl_M_I. I"'.~--, II, lin 1In,......t- v, (1(j~)"""..~"" __....64".._ " (f,.,..... ............. _»".."".".-ifoil ' .. i ,'""'., II-.Jt.,. ._. 000/00o', """ft. _" "'"' ,.. I ! .._ .... ,_.
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